A Semantic-Sensitive Approach to Indoor and Outdoor 3D Data Organization

Building model data organization is often programmed to solve a specific problem,resulting in the inability to organize indoor and outdoor 3D scenes in an integrated manner.In this paper,existing building spatial data models are studied,and the characteristics of building information modeling standards(IFC),city geographic modeling language(CityGML),indoor modeling language(IndoorGML),and other models are compared and analyzed.CityGML and IndoorGML models face challenges in satisfying diverse application scenarios and requirements due to limitations in their expression capabilities.It is proposed to combine the semantic information of the model objects to effectively partition and organize the indoor and outdoor spatial 3D model data and to construct the indoor and outdoor data organization mechanism of“chunk-layer-subobject-entrances-area-detail object.”This method is verified by proposing a 3D data organization method for indoor and outdoor space and constructing a 3D visualization system based on it.

基于室内外定位的校园LBS研究

提出基于室内外定位的校园LBS平台总体框架,设计中心平台、移动终端和信息亭结构。给出室内定位系统,研究基于ZigBee的室内无线定位网络的部署原则和方法,建立基于室内外定位的校园LBS平台原型演示验证系统,该系统实现了终端定位、地图查询、三维浏览、导航与导游、跟踪监控、短信通知等功能。

基于室内外定位的校园LBS系统设计与实现

为了解决目前智能手机中位置服务LBS(Location Based Service)类移动应用在小环境区域不能准确提供位置服务的问题,以校园为例提出了一种基于室内外定位的LBS系统设计方案。首先介绍系统结构设计,然后详细分析了Mobile GIS、GPS、基于Wi Fi信号强度值的位置指纹定位算法等系统设计中的关键技术,最后测试验证系统的各个功能模块。测试结果表明,系统可以实现终端定位、室内位置服务、校园导航、地图服务等功能,且操作便捷,具备可行性和实用性。

LBS与RFID结合实现图书馆室内定位导航方法初探

基于位置的服务与射频识别技术将成为解决图书馆内用户及资源的定位导航的关键技术。本文从需求、原理、实现方式等方面探讨LBS与RFID结合实现图书馆室内定位导航的方法。

基于LBS大数据的城市儿童户外非正式公共活动空间体系构建

我国城市缺乏满足儿童活动需求的户外活动公共空间,对非正式公共活动空间也较少关注。本文借助LBS大数据、结合非参与观察法和问卷调研法,研究儿童日常户外活动的移动轨迹、驻点空间分布规律和活动心理需求,发现非正式儿童活动空间最容易吸引儿童参与;趣味性、可达性和安全性是儿童最爱空间的典型特征,提出由分级布局、功能明确和高品质设计要素控制构建的儿童非正式公共活动空间体系。

LBS定位技术研究与发展现状

90年代末,随着移动通信业的发展,诞生了"基于位置服务(Location Based Service,LBS)"的概念,并由此产生了一系列的产业链,创造了巨大的商业价值。近年来计算技术、无线网络通信技术以及电子技术的迅猛发展,导致了新一代技术革命的到来,极大地丰富原有的LBS定位模式,也对LBS提出了更新、更高的要求。本文描述了LBS的概念,及其兴起与发展的过程;从室外、室内两方面介绍了当前的LBS定位方法,并作了比较和分析;阐述了目前LBS定位中所存在的技术难点及研究重点;最后,对LBS的研究方向提出了看法,并对未来的LBS发展蓝图作出了展望。

复数神经网络在基于WiFi的室内LBS应用

传统的定位技术依靠GPS网络,其信号无法在室内正常工作,限制了室内LBS技术的发展。在基于RSS强度的指纹数据库定位方法之上,提出了采用复数BP结构进行指纹数据库构建于在线监测的方法。该方法提高了数据库的构建速度,可广泛应用于WiFi设施普及的大型商城、写字楼、医院、图书馆等公共室内场所,为精确信息推送提供新的思路。

Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in Barcelona City metropolitan area and Catalan rural areas

Five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and three isomeric xylenes) were monitored in indoor and outdoor air of 7 public buildings and 54 private homes, located in Barcelona City metropolitan area and in several rural areas of Catalonia. The sampling was carried out over four periods: spring-summer and winter of 2000, and summer and winter of 2001. Passive ORSA 5 Dra¨ger samplers were used for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) adsorption. BTX were extracted with carbon disulphide and analysed using ...

A New Approach of Studying Correlation between Outdoor Exposure and Indoor Accelerated Corrosion Test for High Polymer Materials

The correlation between outdoor exposure and indoor accelerated corrosion test for high polymer materials was investigated according to the variation of the functional group of exposure models aged. Environment aging intensities at different zones （ Wuhan and Lasa with the same latitude ） and the influences of indoor accelerating factors including water and ultraviolet on weathering performant.e of high polymer materials were also studied by comparing different indoor accelerated corrosion testing results. The experimental results show that ： by testing variations of carbonyl exponent of polythene （ which represented the degradation behavior of high polymer materials due to ultraviolet oxidation of douIole bond） and ultraviolet absorbance of polycarbonate （which represented the degradation behavior of high polymer materials due to abevacuation of branched chain ）, the degradation behavior of high polymer materials could be studied. Carbonyl exponent of polythene exposed in Wuhan and Lasa for 1 year was equal to that exposed in indoor cycle ultraviolet for 128 h anti 170 It, respectively, the ultraviolet absorbance of polycarbonate exposed in Wuhan for 1 year was equal to that exposed in indoor cycle ultraviolet for 240 h. The ratio of environment aging intensity of Lasa to Wuhan was around 1.2. With the prolongation of cycle accelerated ultraviolet exposure time, the variations of carbonyl exponent of polythene and the ultraviolet absorbance of polycarbonate were in the same shape of first order exponential decay curiae. Accompanied with ultraviolet, the effect of water condensated on the sample on weathering performance of polythene was more .significant than that of polycarbonate.

An indoor air aerosol model for outdoor contaminant transmission into occupied rooms

The paper presents a simple model for outdoor air contaminant transmission into occupied rooms. In the model, several factors such as filtration, ventilation, deposition, re-emission, outdoor concentration and indoor sources are included. The model results show that the air exchange rate plays an important role in the transmission of outdoor contaminants into the indoor environment. The model shows that increasing the value of the filtration efficiency decreases the mass concentration of indoor particles. In addition, if outdoor aerosol particles have a periodic behaviour, indoor aerosol particles also behave periodically but smoother. Indoor sources are found to be able to increase indoor concentrations greatly and continuously.

Are children safe indoor from outdoor air pollution? A short review

Background: Air pollution is a serious threat to children health. Given that children spend over 80% of their time indoors, understanding transport of pollutants from outdoor to indoor environments is important for assessing the impact of exposure to outdoor pollution on children health. The most common advice given during a smoke pollution episode is to stay indoors. How well this works depends on how clean the indoor air is and how pollutants from outdoor air contribute to pollutants load in indoor air. Objective: To assess the amount of outdoor air pollution coming indoors threatening children health. Methods: A Medline/EMBASE search of scientific articles was performed to evaluate the indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) concentration ratios of two main pollutants: ultrafine particles (UFP) and ozone (O3). Result: Under infiltration condition, the highest I/O ratios (0.6 - 0.9) were usually observed for larger UFP (70 - 100 nm), while the lowest I/O ratios (0.1 - 0.4) occurred typically around 10 - 20 nm. O3 I/O ratios vary according to air exchange and may be 0.6 - 0.8 for interiors having a large volume exchange with outdoor air (i.e. open windows) and 0.3 - 0.4 with conventional air conditioning systems. Conclusions: In the absence of indoor sources or activities, indoor UFP particles originate from outdoors. O3 concentration indoors may reach concentration similar to outdoors. Environmental and energy policies must also explicitly account for all the impacts of fossil fuel combustion on child health and development.

Approaches of Integrating Outdoor and Indoor Spaces of Urban Landscape Buildings

With the economic development and increase of income, urban citizens have attached more importance to the comfort of living environment, and aesthetic property of buildings. Exterior design is the extension and redesign on the basis of interior design, interior and exterior spatial design and architectural design are closely related. This paper explored the approaches of integrating indoor and outdoor spaces of urban landscape buildings by analyzing excellent building cases.

Deep Pyramidal Residual Network for Indoor-Outdoor Activity Recognition Based on Wearable Sensor

Recognition of human activity is one of the most exciting aspects of time-series classification,with substantial practical and theoretical impli-cations.Recent evidence indicates that activity recognition from wearable sensors is an effective technique for tracking elderly adults and children in indoor and outdoor environments.Consequently,researchers have demon-strated considerable passion for developing cutting-edge deep learning sys-tems capable of exploiting unprocessed sensor data from wearable devices and generating practical decision assistance in many contexts.This study provides a deep learning-based approach for recognizing indoor and outdoor movement utilizing an enhanced deep pyramidal residual model called Sen-PyramidNet and motion information from wearable sensors(accelerometer and gyroscope).The suggested technique develops a residual unit based on a deep pyramidal residual network and introduces the concept of a pyramidal residual unit to increase detection capability.The proposed deep learning-based model was assessed using the publicly available 19Nonsens dataset,which gathered motion signals from various indoor and outdoor activities,including practicing various body parts.The experimental findings demon-strate that the proposed approach can efficiently reuse characteristics and has achieved an identification accuracy of 96.37%for indoor and 97.25%for outdoor activity.Moreover,comparison experiments demonstrate that the SenPyramidNet surpasses other cutting-edge deep learning models in terms of accuracy and F1-score.Furthermore,this study explores the influence of several wearable sensors on indoor and outdoor action recognition ability.

Over-the-Air Performance Evaluation in Indoor and Outdoor Multipath Propagation Channels of Antenna Diversity Systems inside Anechoic Chamber

With the ever-growing requirement for higher data rates, terminals supporting multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies are being developed for next-generation. As for wireless device manufacturers, a radio performance evaluation of multi-antenna terminals in desired environments is mandatory before product release. This paper discusses the Over the Air (OTA) performance evaluation of antenna diversity systems in Indoor and Outdoor multi-path propagation channel models inside anechoic chamber, in terms of correlation coefficients and diversity gain (DG). These channel models have been emulated in terms of angles of arrivals (AoA) and cross-polarization ratio (XPR) with Rayleigh fading. For this purpose, SATIMO SG24 measurement system has been used. However, the actual configuration of this system is not able to emulate desired realistic environments. Therefore, an innovative methodology based on the SG24 probes control has been developed. The obtained results in simulations and measurements have shown a good agreement.

TD-SCDMA Networking Strategy with Interference Between Indoor and Outdoor Networks

The High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology is employed for the data service in the Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) mobile communication system.Theoretically,the HSDPA peak data throughput per Time Slot (TS) available in the terminals reaches 560kb/s.Since the data service often occurs indoors,flexible TS allocation between uplink and downlink is applied in TD-SCDMA networking.That is,TS1 and TS2 are uplink time slots and TS3,TS4,TS5 and TS6 are downlink time slots in the indoor cell;and symmetry TS allocation is made for the outdoor cell.In the intra-frequency cell network,it can cause intra-frequency interference between cells.So the research on the intra-frequency crossed time slots interference is done and the suggestions on the intra-frequency crossed time slots networking strategy are proposed in this paper.

Spatial Processing and Coordination Design of Indoor and Outdoor Space

From the review of development history of indoor design in China, we can see that it develops rapidly from sprout to expansion, and has large professional scale. It goes through ignorance, misconception and comprehensive understanding. And it has developed into a perfect and independent composite subject. From the perspective of interior design continuing architectural design in time-space dimension, the paper focuses on observing the application analysis of coordinated interior design, which not only provides reference for interior design in China, but also improves the interior design in China.

基于LBP和小波纹理特征的室内室外场景分类算法

室内室外场景识别是图像处理的基本问题之一。对此问题提出了一种不需要图像分割和目标识别的方法。首先,利用小波变换对原图像进行五层小波分解,然后用旋转不变的LBP(local binary pattern)算法对第二层至第五层的LL子图提取纹理特征,再计算第二层和第一层LH,HL,HH子图的能量均值和方差,最后连接这两个过程形成的低维特征向量进行室内室外图像场景分类。实验结果表明此算法分类效果比较好,且识别室内室外场景并不需要目标形状等局部详细信息,只需要图像模糊化的全局纹理信息。

Situation and Development Tendency of Indoor Positioning

This paper introduces the significance of indoor positioning and analyzes the related problems. The latest research on indoor positioning is introduced. Further, the positioning accuracy and the cost of typical local and wide area indoor positioning systems are compared. The results of the comparison show that Time & Code Division-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (TC-OFDM) is a system that can achieve real-time meter-accuracy of indoor positioning in a wide area. Finally, in this paper, we indicate that the seamless high-accuracy indoor positioning in a wide area is the development trend of indoor positioning. The seamless Location Based Services (LBS) architecture based on a heterogeneous network, key technologies in indoor positioning for decimeter-accuracy and seamless outdoor and indoor Geographic Information System (GIS) are elaborated as the most important research fields of future indoor positioning.

Research and Development of Indoor Positioning

Indoor positioning systems have been sufficiently researched to provide location information of persons and devices.This paper is focused on the current research and further development of indoor positioning.The standard evolution and industry development are summarized.There are various positioning systems according to the scenarios,cost and accuracy.However,there is a basic positioning system framework including information extraction,measurement and calculation.In particular,the detailed positioning technologies mainly including cellular positioning and Local Area Network(LAN) positioning are listed and compared to provide a reference for practical applications.Finally,we summarize the challenges of indoor positioning and give a3-phase evolution route.

Indoor Air Pollution and Pulmonary Function in Children

Pulmonary function in winter time in 1,343 school children aged 10-13 years was measured in four cities located in northern and southern part of China. The results showed that FVC, FEVl, PEF, V75, V50 and V25 in children living in homes with coal stoves were decreased by 1.5-10.7% compared with children living in homes with gas or LPG stoves in Chengde and Shanghai. In contrast to this, no significant difference in pulmonary function was found in Shenyang and Wuhan. It suggested that this phenomenon was related to indoor air pollution, and partly related to passive smoking or outdoor air pollution.