PASCA, ESR and Microreactor, have been used to study the states and properties of coking deposits on catalyst. The results indicate that the C exists as three types of states on catalyst surface. The first and second ...PASCA, ESR and Microreactor, have been used to study the states and properties of coking deposits on catalyst. The results indicate that the C exists as three types of states on catalyst surface. The first and second types of carbon are the main reason of the catalyst deactivation, but the third type has a promoting role in n-C_7 hydrocracking reaction. The S_s-C interacts strongly with catalyst, forming metal-carbon-support interaction (MCSI).展开更多
In 2013, China＇s outputs of cement and flat glass were 2. 414 billion tons and 778.98 million weight cases, increasing by 9.6% and 11.2% YOY, respectively.
High incomes in state monopoly industries have drawn extensive public concerns in China. The management of state-owned enterprises(SOEs) is motivated and empowered to set payment schemes in their own favor, resulting ...High incomes in state monopoly industries have drawn extensive public concerns in China. The management of state-owned enterprises(SOEs) is motivated and empowered to set payment schemes in their own favor, resulting in the greater extent to which their senior executives are overpaid as compared with average workers. Hence, the level of unjustified high incomes is heterogeneous among employees of different income levels in state monopoly industries. Using Machado-Mata counterfactual decomposition method based on the regression of multiple quantiles, this paper measures the proportions of reasonable and unreasonable parts of pay gap between state monopoly industries and competitive industries. Our study found that the workforce of state monopoly industries are overpaid across various wage levels, while the extent to which they are overpaid increases with the rise of wage level. The implication is that compared with average workers, executives in state monopoly industries are overpaid to an even greater extent. This requires that the government focus on curbing the high executive income in addition to putting a lid on the gross payroll of SOEs in state monopoly industries. The fundamental strategy to resolving the excessive high income in state monopoly industries is to bring different types of SOEs under different corporate management models and income systems.展开更多
Ⅰ. Basic Principles The State Machine-building Industry Bu-reau is requested by the State Council to work in conformity with the principles of: 1. Separating the functions of the govern-ment from those of the enterpr...Ⅰ. Basic Principles The State Machine-building Industry Bu-reau is requested by the State Council to work in conformity with the principles of: 1. Separating the functions of the govern-ment from those of the enterprise, not展开更多
RMB was devalued by 50％. Tariffs on imports was lowered. Pricing on domestically made cars was adjusted. Purchase control was lifted. All these deemed as concrete measures of the state government to meet challenges a...RMB was devalued by 50％. Tariffs on imports was lowered. Pricing on domestically made cars was adjusted. Purchase control was lifted. All these deemed as concrete measures of the state government to meet challenges as China is going to resume GATT展开更多
文摘PASCA, ESR and Microreactor, have been used to study the states and properties of coking deposits on catalyst. The results indicate that the C exists as three types of states on catalyst surface. The first and second types of carbon are the main reason of the catalyst deactivation, but the third type has a promoting role in n-C_7 hydrocracking reaction. The S_s-C interacts strongly with catalyst, forming metal-carbon-support interaction (MCSI).
文摘In 2013, China＇s outputs of cement and flat glass were 2. 414 billion tons and 778.98 million weight cases, increasing by 9.6% and 11.2% YOY, respectively.
基金sponsored by the Key Project of Philosophical and Social Sciences under the Ministry of Education, "Study of Industry Monopoly and Household Income Distribution in China’s Transition Stage (Grant No. 12JZD030)
文摘High incomes in state monopoly industries have drawn extensive public concerns in China. The management of state-owned enterprises(SOEs) is motivated and empowered to set payment schemes in their own favor, resulting in the greater extent to which their senior executives are overpaid as compared with average workers. Hence, the level of unjustified high incomes is heterogeneous among employees of different income levels in state monopoly industries. Using Machado-Mata counterfactual decomposition method based on the regression of multiple quantiles, this paper measures the proportions of reasonable and unreasonable parts of pay gap between state monopoly industries and competitive industries. Our study found that the workforce of state monopoly industries are overpaid across various wage levels, while the extent to which they are overpaid increases with the rise of wage level. The implication is that compared with average workers, executives in state monopoly industries are overpaid to an even greater extent. This requires that the government focus on curbing the high executive income in addition to putting a lid on the gross payroll of SOEs in state monopoly industries. The fundamental strategy to resolving the excessive high income in state monopoly industries is to bring different types of SOEs under different corporate management models and income systems.
文摘Ⅰ. Basic Principles The State Machine-building Industry Bu-reau is requested by the State Council to work in conformity with the principles of: 1. Separating the functions of the govern-ment from those of the enterprise, not
文摘RMB was devalued by 50％. Tariffs on imports was lowered. Pricing on domestically made cars was adjusted. Purchase control was lifted. All these deemed as concrete measures of the state government to meet challenges as China is going to resume GATT
