Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards r... Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards revising plan of Standardization Administration Committee of China (SAC),TC54 has already revised a series of national standards and industrial standards for foundry operations,and proposed some new ones. As a result,some old fashioned standards containing low-level techniques have been gradually discontinued or replaced with new versions.……展开更多
Year 2006 is the year marking the 100th anniversary of the founding of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC is mainly engaged in the international standardization for electrical and electronic tech... Year 2006 is the year marking the 100th anniversary of the founding of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC is mainly engaged in the international standardization for electrical and electronic technology field aiming at promoting international trade and technology cooperation and exchange, improving product and service quality, upgrading productivity and protecting the environment as well as human health and safety. Most countries worldwide adopt standards developed and promulgated by IEC, providing a platform to international trade and technical exchange. China has being a member since 1957. Electronic and IT are the most developed and energetic filed in recent decades. Number of IEC TC/SC specialized in electronic and IT amounts up to 52.……展开更多
Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical ... Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical committees (TC) and sub-committees (SC), which mirrors to 70 TCs and SCs of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). During the past five years, leaded by Standardization Administration of China (SAC),China Electrical Equipment Industry Association (CEEIA) obtained many great achievements in promoting participation of international standardization activities by improving unified management and concentrating industrial strength:……展开更多
Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorte...Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorted out based on some documents on the government website,and related articles were studied.Secondly,499 DTP pharmacies were investigated.Finally,the current status of the industry was summarized and analyzed.Results and Conclusion Policies on China’s DTP pharmacy have been constantly improved.According to industry standards,the current compliance rate of DTP pharmacies is about 46.09%.In terms of varieties,the market share concentration rate of biological products is higher than that of chemical drugs.The regional distribution of these drugs is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern provinces.However,63.45%of DTP pharmacies have less than 50 product specifications.DTP pharmacies have an average of 7.3 pharmacy technicians and 2.3 licensed pharmacists,which is higher than that of ordinary pharmacies.Due to the policy promotion,DTP pharmacies will be paid more attention by the public and the government,and the market share will become larger than before.Patients shifting from hospitals to drug-to-pharmacies can make them better layout.Besides,pharmaceutical services will become more specialized,and disease division will be more detailed.With the deepening of medical reform and the continuous improvement of national medical security as well as drug procurement and medical insurance payment methods,DTP pharmacies can play an important role in the national basic medical security system.展开更多
Clay samples from selected part of Edda were analyzed to identify the clay mineral types present,their chemical and physical properties with a view to appraising their industrial suitability as ceramic materials.The m...Clay samples from selected part of Edda were analyzed to identify the clay mineral types present,their chemical and physical properties with a view to appraising their industrial suitability as ceramic materials.The mineralogical and geochemical analyses were done using the principles of X-Ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence respectively.A total of seven clay samples were used for the study,other tests such as plasticity,bulk density,shrinkage,loss on ignition(LOI)and water absorption capacity was carried out to determine the amount of water absorbed under specified conditions.The basic industrial properties assessment showed that more than 70%of the clays are fine-grained.The clays exhibited low to moderate plasticity,moderate shrinkage and bulk density,low to moderate values of both loss on ignition and water absorption capacity.The clays are buff to yellowish in colour.The results of x-ray fluorescence revealed that the mean concentration of major oxide in the clays is shown as follows:SiO_(2)(62.78%),Al_(2)O_(3)(20.25%),total Fe(6.09%),CaO(0.56%),MgO(3.21%),Na_(2)O(0.47%),K_(2)O,(1.44%)and TiO_(2)(0.52%).The samples have high silica content,low alumina and low oxide content.The results of x-ray diffraction revealed that kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral with illite and montmorillonite occurring in subordinate amounts,while quartz and feldspar are the non-clay components present.The characteristics of the clays for each parameter were compared with industrial standards.These properties are appropriate for the Afikpo clays to be useful in the manufacturing of ceramics.However,since the silica content of the clays is high further beneficiation is recommended.展开更多
The sugar standard implemented under specific historical conditions had played a positive role in standardizing the production of China's sugar industry,promoting the development of sugar industry and strengthenin...The sugar standard implemented under specific historical conditions had played a positive role in standardizing the production of China's sugar industry,promoting the development of sugar industry and strengthening the quality management of sugar products.This paper systematically combs the development of national standard and industrial standard of white granulated sugar,and analyzes the technical requirements such as sensory indicators,physical and chemical indicators and health indicators.From the development of China's white granulated sugar product standard,the sucrose content of the same level of white granulated sugar has not been adjusted,while the standard for indexes other than sucrose content,have been improved to meet the needs of the development of China's sugar industry and the development of domestic and foreign trade.Through comparison with the international standard of white granulated sugar,it is concluded that China’s national standard of white granulated sugar has kept pace with international standard.展开更多
Since the Ministry of Information Industry promulgated the Third Generation (3G) mobile communication "China Standard" TD-SCDMA as the standard for China's communication industry, the ministry has al... Since the Ministry of Information Industry promulgated the Third Generation (3G) mobile communication "China Standard" TD-SCDMA as the standard for China's communication industry, the ministry has also promulgated WCDMA and CDMA2000 as industrial standards.……展开更多
The inspection and quarantine standard is one of important basics to executeinspection and quarantine by laws. In recent years, with the development of economy and trade inChina, standardization has played an importan...The inspection and quarantine standard is one of important basics to executeinspection and quarantine by laws. In recent years, with the development of economy and trade inChina, standardization has played an important role in inspection and quarantine. During 2002-2004,department of Standards of Inspection and Quarantine, Certification and Accreditation Administrationof China has organized the research of the standards of inspection and quarantine, and has builtstandard sub- systems of nine fields in inspection and quarantine.展开更多
October 24,2006, China SARFT (State Administration of Radio Film and Television) formally issued the China mobile multimedia broadcasting (namely, Mobile TV) industry standard. The standard is a STiMi standard self-de...October 24,2006, China SARFT (State Administration of Radio Film and Television) formally issued the China mobile multimedia broadcasting (namely, Mobile TV) industry standard. The standard is a STiMi standard self-developed in China and put into practice from No-展开更多
The "Application of Standards for Equipment-Manufacturing Industry Workshop" was held for two days in Shanghai from May 25th to May 26th, 2007. Dozens of delegates from famous enterprises and organizatio... The "Application of Standards for Equipment-Manufacturing Industry Workshop" was held for two days in Shanghai from May 25th to May 26th, 2007. Dozens of delegates from famous enterprises and organizations around the world participated, including those from Shell China Ltd., Leal China, Siemens Ltd. China Corporate, and Assurance of SAI Global and SGS . Nine experts, engaged in standardization, intellectual property, and related fields, gave speeches on "Standards and Best Practices," and many illustrative examples of the application of standards were provided.……展开更多
Gift Industry Reaps More Than RMB 200 Billion in Profits,China＇s Railways Fire a Shot at Airlines,Standardized Check to Be Launched,Chinese Urbanites Prepare for Retirement in Their 30s,HK Disneyland Offers One-Year ...Gift Industry Reaps More Than RMB 200 Billion in Profits,China＇s Railways Fire a Shot at Airlines,Standardized Check to Be Launched,Chinese Urbanites Prepare for Retirement in Their 30s,HK Disneyland Offers One-Year Free Entrance to Children Born in 1997展开更多
Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, wa...Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, was the only person on the island who could provide emergency surgery.展开更多
文摘 Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards revising plan of Standardization Administration Committee of China (SAC),TC54 has already revised a series of national standards and industrial standards for foundry operations,and proposed some new ones. As a result,some old fashioned standards containing low-level techniques have been gradually discontinued or replaced with new versions.……
文摘 Year 2006 is the year marking the 100th anniversary of the founding of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC is mainly engaged in the international standardization for electrical and electronic technology field aiming at promoting international trade and technology cooperation and exchange, improving product and service quality, upgrading productivity and protecting the environment as well as human health and safety. Most countries worldwide adopt standards developed and promulgated by IEC, providing a platform to international trade and technical exchange. China has being a member since 1957. Electronic and IT are the most developed and energetic filed in recent decades. Number of IEC TC/SC specialized in electronic and IT amounts up to 52.……
文摘 Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical committees (TC) and sub-committees (SC), which mirrors to 70 TCs and SCs of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). During the past five years, leaded by Standardization Administration of China (SAC),China Electrical Equipment Industry Association (CEEIA) obtained many great achievements in promoting participation of international standardization activities by improving unified management and concentrating industrial strength:……
文摘Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorted out based on some documents on the government website,and related articles were studied.Secondly,499 DTP pharmacies were investigated.Finally,the current status of the industry was summarized and analyzed.Results and Conclusion Policies on China’s DTP pharmacy have been constantly improved.According to industry standards,the current compliance rate of DTP pharmacies is about 46.09%.In terms of varieties,the market share concentration rate of biological products is higher than that of chemical drugs.The regional distribution of these drugs is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern provinces.However,63.45%of DTP pharmacies have less than 50 product specifications.DTP pharmacies have an average of 7.3 pharmacy technicians and 2.3 licensed pharmacists,which is higher than that of ordinary pharmacies.Due to the policy promotion,DTP pharmacies will be paid more attention by the public and the government,and the market share will become larger than before.Patients shifting from hospitals to drug-to-pharmacies can make them better layout.Besides,pharmaceutical services will become more specialized,and disease division will be more detailed.With the deepening of medical reform and the continuous improvement of national medical security as well as drug procurement and medical insurance payment methods,DTP pharmacies can play an important role in the national basic medical security system.
文摘Clay samples from selected part of Edda were analyzed to identify the clay mineral types present,their chemical and physical properties with a view to appraising their industrial suitability as ceramic materials.The mineralogical and geochemical analyses were done using the principles of X-Ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence respectively.A total of seven clay samples were used for the study,other tests such as plasticity,bulk density,shrinkage,loss on ignition(LOI)and water absorption capacity was carried out to determine the amount of water absorbed under specified conditions.The basic industrial properties assessment showed that more than 70%of the clays are fine-grained.The clays exhibited low to moderate plasticity,moderate shrinkage and bulk density,low to moderate values of both loss on ignition and water absorption capacity.The clays are buff to yellowish in colour.The results of x-ray fluorescence revealed that the mean concentration of major oxide in the clays is shown as follows:SiO_(2)(62.78%),Al_(2)O_(3)(20.25%),total Fe(6.09%),CaO(0.56%),MgO(3.21%),Na_(2)O(0.47%),K_(2)O,(1.44%)and TiO_(2)(0.52%).The samples have high silica content,low alumina and low oxide content.The results of x-ray diffraction revealed that kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral with illite and montmorillonite occurring in subordinate amounts,while quartz and feldspar are the non-clay components present.The characteristics of the clays for each parameter were compared with industrial standards.These properties are appropriate for the Afikpo clays to be useful in the manufacturing of ceramics.However,since the silica content of the clays is high further beneficiation is recommended.
文摘The sugar standard implemented under specific historical conditions had played a positive role in standardizing the production of China's sugar industry,promoting the development of sugar industry and strengthening the quality management of sugar products.This paper systematically combs the development of national standard and industrial standard of white granulated sugar,and analyzes the technical requirements such as sensory indicators,physical and chemical indicators and health indicators.From the development of China's white granulated sugar product standard,the sucrose content of the same level of white granulated sugar has not been adjusted,while the standard for indexes other than sucrose content,have been improved to meet the needs of the development of China's sugar industry and the development of domestic and foreign trade.Through comparison with the international standard of white granulated sugar,it is concluded that China’s national standard of white granulated sugar has kept pace with international standard.
文摘 Since the Ministry of Information Industry promulgated the Third Generation (3G) mobile communication "China Standard" TD-SCDMA as the standard for China's communication industry, the ministry has also promulgated WCDMA and CDMA2000 as industrial standards.……
文摘The inspection and quarantine standard is one of important basics to executeinspection and quarantine by laws. In recent years, with the development of economy and trade inChina, standardization has played an important role in inspection and quarantine. During 2002-2004,department of Standards of Inspection and Quarantine, Certification and Accreditation Administrationof China has organized the research of the standards of inspection and quarantine, and has builtstandard sub- systems of nine fields in inspection and quarantine.
文摘October 24,2006, China SARFT (State Administration of Radio Film and Television) formally issued the China mobile multimedia broadcasting (namely, Mobile TV) industry standard. The standard is a STiMi standard self-developed in China and put into practice from No-
文摘 The "Application of Standards for Equipment-Manufacturing Industry Workshop" was held for two days in Shanghai from May 25th to May 26th, 2007. Dozens of delegates from famous enterprises and organizations around the world participated, including those from Shell China Ltd., Leal China, Siemens Ltd. China Corporate, and Assurance of SAI Global and SGS . Nine experts, engaged in standardization, intellectual property, and related fields, gave speeches on "Standards and Best Practices," and many illustrative examples of the application of standards were provided.……
文摘Gift Industry Reaps More Than RMB 200 Billion in Profits,China＇s Railways Fire a Shot at Airlines,Standardized Check to Be Launched,Chinese Urbanites Prepare for Retirement in Their 30s,HK Disneyland Offers One-Year Free Entrance to Children Born in 1997
文摘Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, was the only person on the island who could provide emergency surgery.
