Design and experiment of the environment control system for the industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus

Environment parameters are the main factors affecting the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus.Because of the requirements of environmental conditions for high-efficiency industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus,equipments for environment control were developed.Based on the variable operating equipment,a multi-factor fuzzy controller was designed to realize the comprehensive control of ambient temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,and the temperature and moisture of the compost.The test results showed that the temperature control error was less than±0.5°C and the response speed was more than 0.5°C/h;The control error of ambient humidity was less than±2%RH,and the response speed was more than 9%RH per hour;The moistures at different points in compost ranged from 50%to 70%with a standard deviation of 4.04.The control accuracy of environmental CO2 concentration was within 200μmol/mol.The overall performance of the control system was stable and reliable,which could meet the requirements of environment factors for the growth of Agaricus bisporus.The system can provide technical support and reference for the automatic and precise control of the environment during the industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus.

Anomaly Detection Method Using Feature Reconstruction Based Knowledge Distillation

In recent years,anomaly detection has attracted much attention in industrial production.As traditional anomaly detection methods usually rely on direct comparison of samples,they often ignore the intrinsic relationship between samples,resulting in poor accuracy in recognizing anomalous samples.To address this problem,a knowledge distillation anomaly detection method based on feature reconstruction was proposed in this study.Knowledge distillation was performed after inverting the structure of the teacher-student network to avoid the teacher-student network sharing the same inputs and similar structure.Representability was improved by using feature splicing to unify features at different levels,and the merged features were processed and reconstructed using an improved Transformer.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance on the MVTec dataset,verifying its effectiveness and feasibility in anomaly detection tasks.This study provides a new idea to improve the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection.

Identification of Sudanese Sesame Oil Quality Using a 680 nm Semiconductor Laser Spectrometer and Other Techniques

This study investigates the optical properties of sesame oil from traditional and industrial sources using a custom-designed semiconductor laser spectrometer, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. Six samples were collected from traditional presses and factories in Khartoum State and White Nile State. The spectrometer, constructed with a 680 nm semiconductor laser and various resistor values, measured the absorbance of sesame oil samples. UV-Vis spectroscopy identified absorbance peaks at 670 nm and 417 nm, corresponding to chlorophyll a and b. FTIR analysis showed nearly identical spectra among the samples, indicating similar chemical compositions. Laser spectrometer analysis revealed specific absorbance values for each sample. The results highlight the feasibility of using a 680 nm semiconductor laser for analyzing sesame oil, providing a cost-effective alternative to other wavelengths. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating traditional methods with modern spectroscopic techniques for the quality assessment of sesame oil.

Simulation of biodiesel industrial production via solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor

Biodiesel industrial production based on a solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed was simulated. The lab and bench scale experiments were carded out effectively, in which the kinetic model is established and it can describe the transesterification reaction well. The Antoine equation of biodiesel is regressed with the vapor-liquid data cited of literature. The non-random two liquid （NRTL） model is applied to describe the system of fatty acid methyl ester （FAME）, methanol and glycerol and parameters are obtained. The Ternary phase map is obtained from Aspen Plus via the liquid-liquid equilibrium （LLE） data. In order to describe the production in a fixed-bed performs in industrial scale after being magnified 1 000 times, the Aspen Plus simulation is employed, where two flowsheets are simulated to predict material and energy consumption. The simulation results prove that at least 350. 42 kW energy consumption can be reduced per hour to produce per ton biodiesel compared with data reported in previous references.

Zhang Weishe n:A Pion eer in the Developme nt and In dustrial Production of Penicillin in New China

The research and development of penicillin started with dificulty before 1949 and achieved certain results.In 1951,after the founding of the People’ s Republic of China,Zhang Weishen,as the only Chinese scientist who had been trained and worked in a penicillin research and development center in the United States for many years,overcame many difficulties and returned to China.In 1953,with the efforts of Zhang Weishen and his colleagues,China realized the industrialized production of penicillin,alleviating the urgent needs of the masses.Antibiotics has also become the first discipline to achieve major scientific and technological achievements after the founding of the New China.In the mid-1950s,the technical breakthrough in the localization of lactose substitutes marked the localization of the raw materials of the penicillin-producing culture medium,which paved the way for the industrialized production of penicillin with Chinese characteristics.Antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and affordable drugs for hundreds of millions of patients in China,and China has since ended the humiliating history of the "Sick Man of East Asia".

Discrepancies between targets and achievements in industrial forest production and export in Tanzania

It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strategies can be accepted or corrections implemented since a plan also outlines some strategies for achieving the targets set. In this study, achievements in production and export of industrial forest products, i.e., sawn wood, plywood, chipboard and fibreboard, paper and paperboard and industrial round wood, are compared against targeted figures for 1996 for Tanzania. Discrepancies were obtained by subtracting targeted from achieved values and expressed both as absolute and relative differences in terms of the targeted values, with a negative sign for pro- duction where achievements were less than targets and a positive sign when achievements were higher than targets. Values achieved ranged from 4%-100% of the targeted values, depending on the product, and were only higher than the targeted value for industrial round wood. Possible causes of the discrepancies are inefficiency of parastatal companies, low private investment, sub-maximal in- dustrial operation and plant inefficiencies. Discrepancies could also result from unrealistic data used in planning due to difficulty in data availability and poor intra- and inter-sectoral coordination. The implications of these discrepancies are low contributions of the wood-based industry to the national economy, increased import substitution of wood-based products, increased socio-economic and environmental degradation and decreased integrity in planning and policy making.

Industrial Production of Catalyst for Removing Trace Olefins from Aromatics

A novel additive incorporated into the catalyst for removing trace olefins from aromatics was proposed, and under the laboratory conditions the lifetime of the catalyst was increased from 5 h to 8 h upon specifying the conversion of the olefins equating to more than 55% as a criterion. Catalyst production, which was named ROC, has been successfully scaled up from laboratory formulations to commercial scale manufacture and over 100 tons of catalyst had been produced. The superiority in catalytic activity was identified by the evaluation tests of the ROC catalyst based on whatever kind of feedstocks (with their bromine index ranging from 400 mgBr/100g to 1 200 mgBr/100g) being used as the feedstock. The X-ray diffraction patterns had verified that the additive was highly dispersed on the surface of catalyst; the GC-FID analysis results showed that the ROC catalyst could increase the xylene content; the pyridine-FTIR spectroscopic analyses suggested that the additive could increase the amount of the weak L acids, which was the main cause leading to enhancement of the catalyst activity.

Conditional Optimization of Laccase Production by Whiterot Fungi through Fermentation

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was selected as the production strain of laccase,and the effects of stirring speed,ventilation volume,culture temperature,inoculation amount and initial p H of medium on laccase production by liquid fermentation in cylinder were studied.On the basis of single factor test,an orthogonal test was carried out to find optimal conditions for laccase production P.chrysosporium through liquid fermentation.These results showed that the stirring speed of fermentation cylinder had the highest effect on laccase production,and the optimal conditions were shown as follows:the temperature at 28℃,the rotating speed at 300 r/min,the ventilation volume of 5 L/min(ventilation ratio of 1.0 vvm),the initial p H of medium of 5,and the inoculation amount of 15%,which gave the highest laccase level of 14.86 U/ml.

The Industrial Production of Water Dedicated to Absorption of Gases

The paper presents a flow plasma reactor permitting modification of the properties of water/aqueous solutions by stochastic resonance amplification of vibrations of selected chemical species in water with electromagnetic noise generated during a plasma discharge. The main parameters characterizing the quality for super-pure water, tap water and water from the intake in Besko (Poland) before and after the process in the plasma reactor were presented for comparison. In addition, the 17O NMR (the full width at half maximum) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) methods were used to determine differences in physicochemical parameters between the untreated and plasma-treated water. It has been established that the water subjected to plasma treatment shows much different gas absorption properties than the untreated water samples, as a function of temperature and pressure, in this paper we report exemplary data for CO2, oxygen and acetylene. The improved gas absorption properties of the plasma-treated water make it attractive for the use in industrial processes. It is worth pointing to a great capacity of the new reactor (4000 l/h), and low energy consumption (20 MJ/h) for the treatment of the above mentioned volume flow rate of water.

Analysis of Raw Materials Components of Dry Composite Mixes for Production Food Concentrates

Background:The simplest and most convenient food technology is the using of dry composite mixtures.They have a lot of advantages.Dry composite mixtures,which would completely be the basis for the production of personalized food concentrates,are not represented.The development of such dry composite mixtures is actual and of scientific and practical interest.The purpose of this research is the selection and justification of local import-substituting raw materials components for dry composite mixtures used as the basis for the production of food concentrates.As the objects of research,the raw materials components of the starch,fruit and vegetable,industry were selected.The work uses currently accepted standard research methods for organoleptic and physic-chemical parameters of raw materials components.The research was carried out within of the project“Theoretical Substantiation of Production Technology and the Development of Import-Substituting Food Products of Functional Purpose Based on Dry Composite Mixtures”,funded by the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Basic Research.Based on the researches,it was found out that in the composition of dry composite mixtures for the production of food concentrates it is expedient to use the following raw materials:potato starch,extruded corn starch,dried carrots,dried beets,dried topinambur and dried apples in chopped form.

Application of ecological footprint in ecological industrial systems:a study case of maize-MSG production systems

To improve the comparability of the research results of ecological industry, the ecological footprint is appliedto analyze the resource utilization and environmental pollution in various subsystems, taking maize-MSG as a case.Results show that the production process from maize to MSG is a extended process of ecological footprint, and that theecological footprint of the maize production is the biggest; the extension of ecological footprint is followed by the increaseof footprint profit, which means that the extension of production chain is an important method to improve the resourcesprofit; the systems have a big proportion of the indirect energy ecological footprint; the air and water pollution in MSGsubsystem is the most serious. At last, it can be identified that ecological footprint is a good method to measure resourceutilization and environmental pollution in various subsystems of an integrated ecological industry.

The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Green Finance and Technological Progress on Total Factor Productivity in China’s Industrial Sector

The enhancement of industrial green total factor productivity is pivotal for achieving high-quality and sustainable economic development.This study assesses China’s performance using the SBM-GML model,employing province-level panel data spanning from 2004 to 2020.Furthermore,we examine the influence of green finance and technological progress on industrial green total factor productivity using a spatial econometric model.The findings uncover that the relationship between the level of green financial development and industrial green total factor productivity follows a U-shaped curve.Initially,low levels of green financial development exert a suppressive effect on industrial green total factor productivity,proving ineffective in the short term.However,with the progression of green finance development,a positive and significant long-term impact on industrial green total factor productivity emerges.Moreover,technological progress demonstrates a noteworthy promotional effect on industrial green total factor productivity.The analysis delves deeper into revealing that industrial structure and environmental regulation intensity exhibit a significant negative relationship with industrial green total factor productivity.In contrast,both energy structure and education level showcase a substantial positive relationship with industrial green total factor productivity.

Carbon emission efficiency of forest processing industries in China

This paper uses an input-output table of China's provinces(2007-2016) to measure carbon emissions of these industries.It employs a Malmquist-Luenberger(ML) index with expected and undesired outputs,and an absolute β convergence and a conditional β convergence model,to conduct an in-depth analysis of dynamic changes and spatial convergence.Carbon emission efficiency of forest processing industries in 25 regions,including Shanghai,Chongqing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu are increasing,whereas those of Tianjin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,and Tibet are decreasing.The main contributing factors of carbon emission efficiency in three major regions vary over time.Further,carbon emission efficiency in the eastern,central,and western regions all have absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence,indicating that different regions are developing toward their own goals and industry,yet regions with lower efficiency are catching up with those where with more efficient strategies in place.Finally,this paper proposes according recommendations.

Regeneration Cultivation Technology of Flammulina velutipes in Factories

The research made a conclusion on different production chains of Flammulina velutipes and proposed regeneration method for cultivating Flammulina velutipes. The results indicated that with saw dusts, bran and corn flour as culture medium, when dry materials in bags reached 360 g, 450 g Flammulina velutipes would be produced and biotransformation efficiency can be 125%-128%. Additionally, the cultivated Flammulina velutipes proves better in quality and longer in shelflife, and the source of raw materials is not confined in a specific region, showing a promising prospect.

Heat-treated wood and its development in Europe

Efficient use of timber is a vital concern problem, especially in these regions where the forestry coverage ratio is decreasing. Studies on physical modification of wood have been taken more attention due to the increasing attentions on environmental protection. Thermal modification is emphasized and developed quickly in developing countries, especially in European countries. A large number of researches have been conducted and some industrial production plants have been built. This paper reviewed the history of heat treatment, exemplifies the industrial developments in several European countries, summarized the basic principle of heat treatment and describes the environmental characteristics. The properties of heat-treated wood and its usage are also summed up.

The Present Situation and Development Countermeasures for Meat Products Industry in Henan

This paper introduces the development and present situation of meat industry in Henan Province so as to get comprehensive understanding of this industry,including the advantages and insufficiencies of this industry,and then puts forward some countermeasures for the future development of the meat products of Henan Province,to realize the rapid,healthy and sustainable development of meat industry in Henan and create huge economic and social benefits in Henan.

Recent advancements in metal-organic frameworks for green applications

A series of environmental and energy issues,such as global warming,water pollution,acid rain,and energy shortage,have to be settled urgently.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands,which show great promise for alleviating or mitigating these challenges owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of MOFs in the fields of green applications,including carbon capture,harmful gas removal,sewage treatment,and green energy storage.In addition,the challenges and prospects of the large-scale commercialized use of MOFs in handling environmental issues are also discussed.

Relieving segregation in twin-roll cast Mg-8Al-2Sn-1Zn alloys via controlled rolling

Twin-roll casting(TRC)of Mg alloys with high Al content has unique advantages and broad development prospects.However,the severe segregation of high-alloyed Mg caused by TRC technology is difficult to solve at present,which restricts its practical application.In this work,the homogenization of coarse segregated phases in a twin-roll cast Mg-8Al-2Sn-1Zn(ATZ821)alloy was successfully achieved by a method combining solid-solution heat treatment and controlled rolling,which is suitable for industrial-scale production.In addition,the evolution of the microstructure was studied in detail.It was found that phases dynamically precipitated and dissolved repeatedly during the hot rolling process,and the evolution of entire second phases can be classified into three stages,i.e.,the net dissolution,balancing and net precipitation stages.During the process,the large-size chain-like eutectic phases evolved into a fine and nearly spherical(∼0.4μm)morphology that was uniformly dispersed in the Mg-matrix due to the thermodynamic coupling and the Ostwald ripening effect.Moreover,a fine grain microstructure(∼4μm)was obtained.The formidable segregation problem of twin-roll cast Mg alloys with high Al content was solved,which is an important finding for the industrial application of high-alloyed twin-roll cast sheets.©2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Chongqing University.