Distribution and Chain Pattern of Liquefied Natural Gas Industry in China

The production and consumption of natural gas in China has been developing rapidly in recent years.It is expected that the annual growth rate of the demand for natural gas will reach 12% in the next 15 years,and the gas consumption in the primary energy will increase from 0.3% to 10% or more by 2020.However,since the supply of natural gas cannot satisfy the requirements,China has begun to build liquefied natural gas(LNG)terminals in the coastal regions such as Guangdong and Fujian,and solve this problem by importing LNG from foreign countries.LNG needs to be transported by LNG ships from abroad.With the rapid growth of global gas production,the volume of LNG trade also increases,and the interregional production increased from 0.3% in 1970 to 26.2% in 2004.So,we need LNG ships more than before.This article puts forward the distribution of LNG ships and the speculation of the future of LNG transportation based on the studies on foreign LNG production,the LNG trade,the building of LNG ships,the LNG transportation,the chain model of LNG distribution,etc.

Research on Functional Orientation and Industrial Distribution of Cruise Town in Baoshan District, Shanghai

Currently, the cruise market in North America is almost saturated and that in Europe is restricted by the scale. However, the cruise market prospect in East Asia is broad due to the deep cultural heritage, abundant tourism resources and large population base, resulting in the shift of the global cruise industry eastward to Asia. The position of Asia in the global cruise economy has become prominent increasingly. As a part of Shanghai, one of the most economically powerful coastal cities in China, Baoshan has national leading land, sea and air transportation networks, huge passenger flow and natural deep water terminals. Therefore, Shanghai steps in front in the development of cruise economy, shouldering the responsibility of a leader in the development of the national cruise industry. It will accelerate the growth of Shanghai＇s cruise industry to plan and construct the ＂cruise town＂ in Baoshan. In this paper, the author aims to further analyze the current construction orientation and development goal of the cruise town by studying the industrial base and analyzing the environment for the cruise town construction in Baoshan, explore the industrial distribution for the construction and development of the cruise town from the perspectives of tourism industry, leisure industry, finance and other service industries, and information industry, conduct in-depth analysis on the ideas about industrial distribution, and determine the system guarantee for industrial development so as to promote the healthy and orderly development of the cruise industry in China.

Short-term Scheduling of Steam Power System in Iron and Steel Industry under Time-of-use Power Price

A generalized formulation for short-term scheduling of steam power system in iron and steel industry under the time-of-use（TOU）power price was presented,with minimization of total operational cost including fuel cost,equipment maintenance cost and the charge of exchange power with main grid.The model took into account the varying nature of surplus byproduct gas flows,several practical technical constraints and the impact of TOU power price.All major types of utility equipments,involving boilers,steam turbines,combined heat and power（CHP）units,and waste heat and energy recovery generators（WHERG）,were separately modeled using thermodynamic balance equations and regression method.In order to solve this complex nonlinear optimization model,a new improved particle swarm optimization（IPSO）algorithm was proposed by incorporating time-variant parameters,a selfadaptive mutation scheme and efficient constraint handling strategies.Finally,a case study for a real industrial example was used for illustrating the model and validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

WIND REGIME IN URBAN PLANNING AND INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION

The function of wind regime in urban planning and general layout of industrial enter-prise is discussed. It is pointed out that if only the dominant wind direction is taken intoconsideration in urban planning and industrial distribution, undesirable layout may result.In regard to this some characteristics of the wind directions in monsoonal China are ana-lysed, a geographical regionalization is proposed and the patterns of urban land-use accord-ing to wind direction are discussed. Finally a new pollution coefficient is suggested.