Trends of Laboratory-Detected Heavy Metals in Children: Solutions for Heavy Metal Contamination in Infant Food Products

In 2019, an investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives revealed major infant food conglomerates had products with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury, posing concerns for infants’ vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of these metals. Trends of laboratory-detected heavy metals were analyzed in children aged zero to five from 1999-2020, providing insights on heavy metal contamination in infant food products. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, mean heavy metal levels in children were calculated, considering gender, race, and income-to-poverty ratio as proxies for assessing associations with increasing heavy metal rates in infant food. Findings indicated an overall decrease in mean concentrations over time, though remaining elevated. Black children exhibited higher lead levels than the overall average, while the Asian subgroup displayed higher levels of total blood mercury and cadmium levels. Lack of internal standards in regulatory bodies, particularly the FDA, exacerbates the issue, with no legally enforceable guidelines or strict maximum levels for heavy metals in infant foods. Urgent FDA interventions are needed, addressing contamination at the sources of raw materials, implementing transparent and extensive product testing, and comprehensive manufacturer labeling to inform consumers about elevated heavy metal levels in infant products.

Are Family Table Foods Appropriate for Infants? Comparing the Nutritional Quality of Homemade Meals Adapted from the Family’s Table Foods and Those Specially Prepared for Infants

The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends that by 8 months of age, children should eat the same types of foods consumed by the other members of the family. Thus, this study sought to evaluate whether the nutritional composition of meals specially prepared (SM) for children aged 7 to 18 months in low-income families was superior to that of meals adapted (AM) from the family’s table foods. Protein, fat, carbohydrate, energy, dietary fiber, iron, sodium and sodium chloride values, were determined by chemical analyses and compared to dietetic guidelines. The infants’ hemoglobin levels were also investigated. In total, sixty samples of the infants’ lunch meal (51 AM and 9 SM) were taken for during a home visit. The values of protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber and energy of the AM were significantly lower, while the sodium and sodium chloride values were significantly higher, compared to those of the SM. The AM also contained significantly more water. No differences were seen with regard to iron values. Sodium chloride amounted for most of the sodium content. Neither the SM nor AM was adequate in terms of iron and sodium. All SM were adequate for protein and fat, whereas AM showed significantly more samples with inadequate energy levels. SM fell within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, while AM fell below the lower value for fat and slightly above the upper value for carbohydrate. The prevalence of anemia was 60% in the study population (36/60). In conclusion, meals adapted from the family’s table foods showed a lower nutrient density and a less balanced macronutrient range when compared to meals specially prepared for infants. The main nutritional shortcomings, for both AM and SM, were the extremely low content of iron and the high content of sodium.

Occurrence and characterization of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in food and infant feces

Objective: To investigate the true incidence of Bacillus cereus(B. cereus) in food and children diarrhea cases. Methods: A total of 110 samples of various dairy products such as raw milk, long life pasteurized milk, yoghurt and infant powdered milk formulas, raw rice, and feces were examined for the presence of B. cereus by selective plating on mannitol-egg-yolk-polymyxin agar. Confirmation of B. cereus was carried out by biochemical tests and PCR. Identification of non-B. cereus isolates was carried out by 16 S r DNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by disk diffusion method.Results: Overall 35 samples(31.8%, n = 110) yielded Bacillus-like growth. Of which 19 samples(54.28%) were positive for B. cereus. All isolates were positive for enterotoxin production. No psychrotolerant B. cereus strains were detected in all samples. All B. cereus isolates were resistant to penicillin G, but susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the importance of including B. cereus in disease control and prevention programs, as well as in routine clinical and food quality control laboratories in both Saudi Arabia and Egypt.

Effects of Nutrient Fortified Complementary Food Supplements on Anemia of Infants and Young Children in Poor Rural of Gansu

Objective To assess the effectiveness of complementary food supplements with protein and multi-micronutrients on hemoglobin and anemia in infants and young children. Methods In 5 poor counties of Gansu, 984 children aged 6-12 months were enrolled and divided into two groups. In addition to the usual home-made complementary food, all the children were fed one sachet of either Formula Ⅰ or Formula Ⅱ supplements each day. Protein and micronutrients were provided in Formula Ⅰ, while the same energy intake was secured in Formula Ⅱ as in Formula Ⅰ. A massive dose of vitamin A was supplemented to all the children every 6 months. Hemoglobin test was done at the same time. Results Prevalence of anemia was about 35% in both Formula Ⅰ and Formula Ⅱ group at baseline, and there were no differences in hemoglobin concentration between the two groups, During the 6-month and 12-month supplementation, hemoglobin of children in Formula Ⅰ group was higher than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.05）, and hemoglobin increase in Formula Ⅰ group was significantly higher than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.001）. After 6- and 12-mouth supplementation, the prevalence of anemia in Formula Ⅰ group dropped to 19.1% and 8.2% respectively, and it was 28.0% and 12.4% in Formula 2 group. The prevalence of anemia in Formula Ⅰ group was significantly lower than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.05）. After adjusting age and hemoglobin level at baseline, the hemoglobin increase at age of 24 months in formula 1 group was higher （10.7 g/L vs 7.9 g/L, P〈0.0001）. Conclusion Micronutrient fortified complementary food supplements, with large-dose vitamin A, is effective for children aged 6-12 months in terms of iron deficiency prevention.

Characteristics of Microencapsulated Nutritional Oil for Infant Formula Food

Nutritional oil for infant formula food was microencapsulated by the spray drying method with coating materials including maltodextrin （MD）, soy protein isolate （SPI）, and emulsifier （soy lecithin）. Vegetable oil blend was prepared by mixing coconut oil, safflower oil and soybean oil at a ratio to achieve a fatty acid profile comparable to human milk fat （HMF）. The fatty acid composition of the product was determined by capillary gas chromatograph. As a result, the composition was as close as possible to that of HMF, it could be used for infant fomular food to make up some deficiencies of milk powder in nutrition and functional properties. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature （Tg） of the wall material was determined by DSC and its Tg was 66.42℃. It provided a theoretical basis for the storage of the product at the normal temperature.

Comparison between <i>E. coli</i>O157:H7 and <i>Bifidobacterium</i>spp. Activity in Almond Pudding Infant Supplemental Food

Almond pudding is a common traditional Iranian complementary food for infants after starting solid foods. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the leading pathogenic microorganisms that cause serious foodborne disease in different populations including infants. The large intestine of breast-fed infants is colonized predominantly by bifidobacteria, which have a protective effect against acute diarrhea. The study objective of this research was to screen the survival characteristics of E. coli O157:H7 as well as four strains of Bifidobacterium subspecies (spp.) in almond pudding. The bacterial strains were studied after three and six hours of incubation at 37℃ in-vitro. Luria-Bertani (LB) broth was used as a basic medium for both Bifidobacterium spp. and E. coli experiments in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The viability of Bifidobacterium spp. increased from 2.46 ± 0.2 to 6.57 ±1.3 log10 CFU/ml in low inoculum and from 4.53 ± 0.7 to 7.2 ± 0.4 in high inoculum experiments in 6 hours. However, the growth of E. coli O157:H7 from 3.12 ± 0.2 to 4.99 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/ml was significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to Bifidobacterium spp. The results illus- trate impaired growth of E. coli O157:H7 and enhanced growth of Bifidobacterium spp. in almond pudding. The finding demonstrated that almond pudding in infant’s diet may indirectly enhance the protection against survival and growth of E. coli O157:H7 by increasing the Bifidobacterium spp. populations in infant’s gastrointestinal system.

国内外婴幼儿食品接触材料法规管理体系研究

以国际社会在婴幼儿食品接触材料监管方面的先进国家和地区为研究对象,该文对其婴幼儿食品接触材料法规体系框架进行梳理,总结其在婴幼儿食品接触材料方面的监管重点和典型做法,并通过开展深入分析与比较研究,对我国婴幼儿食品接触材料的监管提出建议。

婴儿型炎症性肠病的临床特征分析

目的分析婴儿型炎症性肠病(IO-IBD)的临床表现和实验室检查的变化特征。方法选取首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院消化内科2018年1月至2022年12月收治的27例IO-IBD患儿作为IBD组,另选取同期首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收治的61例食物蛋白诱导的直肠结肠炎(FPIP)患儿作为对照组。比较分析两组患儿的临床表现及实验室检查指标。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨影响IO-IBD发生的独立危险因素。结果两组患儿的性别、年龄以及临床表现(便血、腹泻的发生率)和腹泻次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在肠道超声检测方面,IBD组发生肠壁增厚和肛周病变的患儿比例均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IBD组患儿发病到确诊时间长于对照组,体重指数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IBD组的白细胞计数、血小板计数、C反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率、白介素-6、白介素-10水平高于对照组,而白蛋白低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用R语言(4.3.2版本)进行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,校正前和校正后,白细胞计数升高,血小板计数升高、C反应蛋白升高、红细胞沉降率升高、白蛋白降低、白介素-6升高均是IO-IBD发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论临床表现为长期腹泻、便血的婴儿,应注意IO-IBD的可能,尤其是合并有营养不良、肠壁增厚、肛周病变等情况时,IO-IBD的可能性更大,建议尽早完善结肠镜检查及基因检测以明确诊断。白细胞计数、C反应蛋白、血清白介素-6和白蛋白水平可作为鉴别诊断IO-IBD与FPIP的指标。

RP/NP-HPLC法检测婴幼儿配方食品中维生素A和维生素E研究

优化婴幼儿配方食品中维生素A和维生素E含量检测的皂化-RPHPLC法和酶解-NPHPLC法,并对检验结果进行对比研究。结果表明:将婴幼儿配方食品样本复溶后再检测其中的维生素A和维生素E含量,提高了检测结果代表性,有利于批量化检测;乙酸乙酯-正己烷溶液(3∶2,v/v)为提取剂时,提取效果好且环保。维生素A和维生素E含量的检测结果分别在各自对应的浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数R2≥0.999,皂化-RPHPLC法中维生素A和维生素E定量限在27.3~142μg/100g之间,酶解-NPHPLC法中维生素A和维生素E定量限在10.8~112μg/100g之间,酶解-NPHPLC法灵敏度更高。在低中高三个添加水平下,维生素A加标回收率在82.2%~96.8%之间,RSD在1.0%~4.6%之间;维生素E加标回收率在83.5%~100.6%之间,RSD在1.9%~9.7%之间。皂化-RPHPLC法和酶解-NPHPLC法检验结果无显著性差异。优化后的检测方法简单高效,样品代表性好。

淮安市218批婴幼儿食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌毒力基因检测和耐药性分析

目的 了解淮安市婴幼儿食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染现状及其对药物敏感、主要毒力基因携带情况。方法2022~2023年抽取淮安市七个县区的婴幼儿奶粉及婴幼儿辅助食品共218批,根据GB4789.14-2014《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验蜡样芽胞杆菌检验》蜡样芽胞杆菌平板计数法(第一法)进行检测,并进行药物敏感性试验,采用荧光定量PCR对检出的蜡样芽胞杆菌进行溶血性(hblC)基因、非溶血性基因(nheB)、呕吐毒素基因(ces)检测。结果 218批婴幼儿食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌检出39批次,检出率达17.89%。在23种药物敏感性试验中,蜡样芽胞杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、替考拉宁、万古霉素、氯霉素、利奈唑胺、呋喃妥因、利福平、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、诺氟沙星敏感率100%,对环丙沙星、米诺环素、四环素、红霉素、克林霉素、莫匹罗星高浓度、复方新诺明、苯唑西林敏感率分别为97.44%、92.31%、89.74%、82.05%、38.46%、23.08%、20.51%、5.13%,对达托霉素非敏感,对头孢洛林、氨苄西林、青霉素全部耐药。溶血性hblC基因携带率高达100%,非溶血性基因nheB携带率为58.97%,本次试验未检出呕吐毒素基因ces。结论 婴幼儿食品蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率较高且检出菌中携带至少一种毒力基因的概率高达100%。对头孢洛林、氨苄西林、青霉素全部耐药,对达托霉素、苯唑西林等药物敏感性差,可为临床用药方案提供指导。

Availability, Accessibility and Contribution of Infant Flours to the Diet of Children Aged 6-59 Months in Benin

This study assesses the nutritional composition as well as the availability and affordability of infant flour found on the market and in the households of Benin. To do that assessment, a two-step cross-sectional survey based on food ethnography methods was used. A total of 61 marketplaces were visited in seven towns and rural districts as part of the availability and affordability survey, while 400 children (aged 6 to 59 months) were surveyed to track the uses of infant flours at the household level. The results obtained reveal that pre-manufactured infant flour is sold more in urban areas (Cotonou, Porto-Novo and Parakou) than in rural ones. The average infant flours price did not vary (p = 0.985) in any given year (regardless of abundance or lean periods) nor does it vary (p = 0.133) from one point of sale to another (drugstore or supermarkets). However, the average price is found to be expensive considering the purchasing power of the households surveyed. On the other hand, the amount of ingredients used in the production of the flour types found on the market complies with the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius, unlike the homemade ones. Pre-manufactured infant flour is found to be outside of the economic reach of most households (92%) who rely heavily on the homemade ones to feed their children. In light of the above, public authorities should help improve geographic access and pricing affordability to quality infant flour for low-income households in urban and remote areas. Moreover, awareness should be raised among mothers relative to the importance of complementary feeding through education on good nutrition practices.

固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法测定婴儿食品中的4种添加剂

本文建立了一种测定婴儿食品中4种常用食品添加剂(香豆素、香草醛、甲基香草醛和乙基香草醛)的方法。结果表明,各目标物质的质量浓度在50~5000 ng·mL^(-1)时线性关系良好,检测限和定量限分别为10μg·kg^(-1)和50μg·kg^(-1);加标浓度为50μg·kg^(-1)、100μg·kg^(-1)、500μg·kg^(-1)时,回收率为81.72%~102.13%,相对标准偏差低于10%。说明该方法精准可靠,可用于婴儿食品基质中常见添加剂的检测。

婴儿牛奶蛋白过敏的危险因素:一项多中心前瞻性巢式病例对照研究

目的探讨婴儿牛奶蛋白过敏(cow'smilkproteinallergy,CMPA)发生的危险因素。方法该研究为多中心前瞻性巢式病例对照研究。选取北京市7家医学中心0~12月龄婴儿为研究对象。共纳入CMPA婴儿200例,未发生CMPA的婴儿(对照组)799例。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析探讨CMPA发生的危险因素。结果单因素logistic回归分析显示,早产儿、低出生体重儿、第一胎、第一产、春季出生、夏季出生、混合/人工喂养、父母患过敏性疾病与婴儿CMPA患病风险增加有关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,第一产(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.14~3.13)、春季出生(OR=3.42,95%CI:1.70~6.58)、夏季出生(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.22~4.27)、混合/人工喂养(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.10~2.26)、父亲或母亲有过敏史(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.51~3.02)、双亲有过敏史(OR=3.15,95%CI:1.78~5.56)是婴儿CMPA发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论第一产出生、春季出生、夏季出生、混合/人工喂养或有过敏家族史的婴儿CMPA的患病风险增加。

邯郸市售婴幼儿食品微生物污染状况调查

目的了解邯郸市售婴幼儿食品中微生物的污染状况和趋势,为邯郸市婴幼儿食品的监管提供科学依据。方法采集邯郸市18个县区2021—2023年市售婴幼儿食品,进行克罗诺杆菌属(原阪崎肠杆菌)、蜡样芽胞杆菌和卫生指示菌检测。结果125份婴幼儿食品中,肠杆菌科检出4份,检出率3.2%。42份婴幼儿食品中,菌落总数和大肠菌群均未超标。2023年42份婴幼儿谷类辅助食品致病菌检出率28.6%,其中克罗诺杆菌属检出率23.8%,蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率7.1%。婴幼儿生制类谷类辅助食品克罗诺杆菌属检出率62.5%,其显著高于婴幼儿谷类辅助食品(即食)检出率5.5%,以及婴幼儿饼干或其他婴幼儿谷物辅助食品(即食)检出率25.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.108,P=0.008)。分离得到10株克罗诺杆菌属的菌株中,阪崎克罗诺杆菌占比70%,莫金斯克罗诺杆菌占20%,丙二酸盐克罗诺杆菌占10%。3株蜡样芽孢杆菌均不包含呕吐性基因(cesB-)。结论邯郸市婴幼儿食品中存在不同程度的微生物污染,尤其是婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中克罗诺杆菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌污染持续存在,对婴幼儿食品安全造成威胁,建议相关监管部门严格监督检查。

婴儿食物过敏的临床症状及血清特异性免疫球蛋白E检测结果分析

目的了解不同过敏症状患儿的食物过敏原,为婴儿食物过敏的防治提供参考依据。方法选取2022年1月至12月间于长沙市妇幼保健院儿童保健中心体检中因过敏症状采用免疫印迹法进行血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)检测的849例婴儿为研究对象。按不同年龄将婴儿分为<6月龄与≥6月龄;根据过敏的临床症状及病史等,将其分为皮肤症状(262例)、消化道症状(113例)、营养不良症状(56例)、呼吸道症状(58例)、混合症状(360例)。对不同年龄、不同性别婴儿的食物过敏原及血清sIgE检测阳性分布情况进行比较分析。结果在849名婴儿中,有皮肤症状者占30.9%(262/849),消化道症状者占13.3%(113/849),营养不良者占6.6%(56/849),呼吸道症状者占6.8%(58/849),混合症状者占42.4%(360/849);其中,男婴占57.8%(491/849),女婴占42.2%(358/849),不同性别婴儿过敏症状的分布比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);<6月龄者占23.8%(202/849),≥6月龄者占76.2%(647/849),不同年龄婴儿过敏症状的分布比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=49.303,P<0.001)。在849名婴儿中,食物过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性者占51.7%(439/849),阴性者占48.3%(410/849);其中,男婴食物过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性者占58.3%(256/439),女婴阳性者占41.7%(183/439),不同性别婴儿食物过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性的分布比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);<6月龄婴儿食物过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性占17.1%(75/439),≥6月龄者阳性占82.9%(364/439),不同年龄婴儿食物过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性的分布比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.563,P<0.001)。不同年龄婴儿的食物过敏原数量比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.376,P<0.05),而不同性别婴儿的食物过敏原数量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同过敏症状食物过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性率及致敏种类的分布比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在12种常见食物过敏原中,牛奶的血清sIgE检测阳性致敏程度最高可达3级,鸡蛋白的致敏程度最高可达6级;≥6月龄婴儿食物过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性率均高于<6月龄婴儿,但在不同年龄婴儿中,只有牛奶过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=25.122,P<0.001),其他11种食物过敏原血清sIgE检测阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论婴儿早期食物过敏以皮肤症状为主,食物过敏原以牛奶、鸡蛋为主,血清sIgE检测对诊断IgE介导的食物过敏有意义,食物过敏的诊断仍需要综合其他因素分析判断。

婴儿配方奶粉中3种新型溴代阻燃剂参考物质候选物的研制

目的研制婴儿配方奶粉中五溴甲苯、六溴苯和1,2-双(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷3种新型溴代阻燃剂的参考物质候选物。方法以市售婴儿配方奶粉为研究基质,经加水溶解、标准添加、均质、干燥、粉碎、筛分和分装等工序制备后,用同位素稀释-大气压气相色谱-串联质谱法进行目标物的均匀性检验和稳定性考察。分别采用F检验和一元线性模拟方程评价参考物质候选物的均匀性和稳定性数据。结果均匀性检验的分析结果显示3种新型溴代阻燃剂的F均小于临界值F(1.964)。稳定性考察的分析结果显示,在40℃放置10 d或–20℃避光放置6个月的条件下,候选物的特性量值未观测到明显变化。结论本研究研制的婴儿配方奶粉中3种新型溴代阻燃剂参考物质候选物的均匀性、稳定性良好,符合参考物质的预期要求,能够为进一步形成参考物质提供物质基础。

婴幼儿辅食食品质构的研究进展

目的:探讨婴幼儿辅食的添加时间、添加建议,同时介绍了婴幼儿牙齿发育、咀嚼能力与食品质构的关系,并对国内外对于婴幼儿辅食质构特征的建议等进行综述。方法:从中国知网、万方、PubMed等中英文数据库中检索关键词,提取婴幼儿辅食食品质构相关信息,经过综合筛选共纳入43篇文献。结果:6~24月龄婴幼儿处于智能发育如运动、语言发育的重要阶段,我国建议婴幼儿出生满6月龄起开始添加辅食,婴幼儿辅食的添加不仅应注重食品的营养成分,还应关注食品的质构特征。结论:婴幼儿辅食食品质构与牙齿发育和咀嚼能力的发展息息相关,而我国发布的婴幼儿喂养指南中对辅食的质构特征并未提出详细建议,本综述旨在为相关政策制定和研究提供理论参考。

一种婴幼儿汁类罐装辅助食品对幼龄小鼠急性炎症的影响及抗氧化活性评价

[目的]考察一种婴幼儿汁类罐装辅助食品对幼龄小鼠急性炎症的影响,并评价其抗氧化活性。[方法]将70只小鼠分为空白组、模型组、低剂量组(8.6979 g/kg)、中剂量组(17.3958 g/kg)、高剂量组(34.7916 g/kg)、超高剂量组(69.5832 g/kg)和阳性药物对照组,采用巴豆油致小鼠急性耳廓肿胀模型评价汁类罐装辅助食品对幼龄小鼠急性炎症的影响;计算除空白组外其余各组小鼠的左耳耳廓肿胀率;通过ELISA法检测其血清中TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-1β细胞因子含量;HE染色检测小鼠肝脏组织病理形态;通过电子舌进行滋味分析;采用紫外分光光度法测定汁类罐装辅助食品的抗氧化能力(DPPH自由基清除能力和羟自由基清除能力)。[结果]与空白组相比,模型组小鼠左耳肿胀明显,血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量明显上升(P<0.05),IL-2含量显著下降(P<0.05),肝组织中炎性细胞浸润明显。与模型组相比,低、中、高、超高剂量组小鼠左耳肿胀程度随剂量的升高而逐渐降低(P<0.05),血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量下降(P<0.05),且随着剂量的升高,下降程度增大。高剂量和超高剂量组小鼠的IL-2含量上升(P<0.05),炎症症状得到缓解;中、高、超高剂量组小鼠肝脏组织细胞核肿胀程度得到明显改善,弥漫性的炎性细胞浸染情况减轻;DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率的IC50分别为0.023,0.022 mg/mL(以样品中总酚计)。[结论]该种婴幼儿汁类罐装辅助食品对由涂抹巴豆油引起的幼龄小鼠急性炎症具有良好的抗炎效果。

婴幼儿食品添加剂维生素B_(2)的稳定性研究

本文研究了婴幼儿食品添加剂维生素B_(2)的稳定性,并探讨了光照、氧气、温度和pH值等因素对其稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,采取综合措施可以有效提高婴幼儿食品中维生素B_(2)的稳定性。因此,本研究结果可以为婴幼儿食品质量安全提供参考。

早产/低出生体重儿特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品产品特点及注册现状

早产儿胃肠道功能发育不成熟,易发生喂养不耐受等问题,适用于早产/低出生体重儿的特殊医学用途配方食品包括母乳营养补充剂和早产/低出生体重婴儿配方。通过对早产儿相关共识、指南、文献等进行梳理,对申请注册的适用于早产/低出生体重儿特殊医学用途配方食品的产品情况进行分析,总结早产/低出生体重儿的营养需求特点、相应类别的产品配方特点等,并针对申请注册产品数量及种类有限、研发基础薄弱等问题提出建议,为该类产品的研究开发、注册管理及临床使用等提供参考。