A Retrospective Study of Culture-confirmed Mycobacterial Infection among Hospitalized HIV-infected Patients in Beijing, China

A retrospective analysis was performed in two major HIV/AIDS referral hospitals in Beijing to evaluate the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis（MTB） and non-tuberculous mycobacterial（NTM） infections in HIV-infected patients. A total of 627 patients＇ data were reviewed, and 102（16.3%） patients were diagnosed with culture-confirmed mycobacterial infection, including 84 with MTB, 16 with NTM, and 2 with both MTB and NTM. The most frequent clinical complication by mycobacterial infection was pulmonary infection（48/102, 47.1%）. The overall rates of multidrug-resistant TB（MDR-TB） and extensively drug-resistant TB（XDR-TB） were 11.9% and 3.4%, respectively. This study underlines the urgent need to intensify screening for mycobacteria coinfection with HIV and to prevent the spread of drug-resistant TB among HIV-infected patients.

Effects of Glyke in Treating 60 HIV-Infected Patients

Using Giyke, a Chinese Materia Medica, in treating 60 human immunodeticiency virus in-fected patients. the total effective rate was 35%. the rates of immunological improvement and stabilitywere 68. 3% - 90% , while those of symptoms amelioration were 35% - 64% respectively. Polymerasechain reaction was used to check one of two patients and revealed positive. Experimental study showedGlyke could inhibit simian immunodeficiency virus as well as enhance the patient's immune function.

A Primary Investigation on Serum CTX-II Changes in Patients Infected with Brucellosis in Qinghai Plateau, China

Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases, with the most frequent complication being osteoarticular changes. The aim of this study was to assess the changes of C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen （CTX-II） in patients infected with brucellosis. A total of 84 brucellosis patients and 43 volunteers were selected and divided into brucellosis vs. control groups. Serum samples were subjected to serological tests for brucellosis,

Establishment of a Predictive Diagnostic Model for Acute Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in Elderly Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia

We established a diagnostic model to predict acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae （M. pneumonia） infection in elderly Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） patients. We divided 456 patients into acute and non-acute M. pneumoniae infection groups. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were used to establish a predictive model. The following independent factors were identified： age 〉 70 years; serum cTNT level 〉 0.0S ng/mL; lobar consolidation; mediastinal lymphadenopathy; and antibody titer in the acute phase 〉 1：40. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.923 and a score of 2 7 score predicted acute M. pneumoniae infection in elderly patients with CAP. The predictive model developed in this study has high diagnostic accuracy for the identification of elderly acute M. pneumoniae infection.

Acceptance of Chemo-prophylaxis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among High School/College Student Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China

Student contacts of tuberculosis（TB）cases are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI）,and chemo-prophylaxis can reduce the risk of active TB among them.This study aimed to assess the acceptance of chemo-prophylaxis for LTBI among students, and their concerns regarding TB and its preventive treatment.

Formulation of an Early Warning Infectivity Score System for Adult Patients with Acute Bacterial Diarrhea

The aim of our study was to develop a scoring system to predict whether diarrhea is of a bacterial origin and whether the diarrheal patients constitute a potential source of infection to others. Adults with acute diarrhea （n=424） were enrolled in the study. Logistic regression and standard regression coefficients were used to formulate the Early Warning Infectivity Score System for Adults with Acute Bacterial Diarrhea （EWIS-ABD）. Four risk factors were identified by logistic regression, including body temperature （P〈0.01）, abdominal pain （P〈0.01）, leukocyte count in stool （P〈0.01）, and unclean dietary history （P〈0.01）. EWIS-ABD was thus developed, in which the value 〉5 points was set as an indicator of bacterial diarrhea. The incidence of bacterial diarrhea increased along with the elevated score. EWIS-ABD was more specific for bacterial diarrhea than for viral diarrhea. The accuracy and reliability of EWIS-ABD was high by prospective validation in 478 patients with acute diarrhea.

A Study on Isolation and Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection with Special Reference to Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL)

Backgrounds: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a classic opportunistic pathogen with innate resistance to many antibiotics and disinfectants. The lung is a main target for colonization and infection by the bacteria either in the context of a chronic, progressively deteriorating infectious and inflammatory pulmonary disease such as cystic fibrosis (CF) or in a more acute setting such as severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients [1]. Aim and Objectives: To study the prevalence, virulence and the resistance pattern, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of P. aeruginosa from sputum samples. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out with a total of 500 clinical sputum samples, which were received from patients, admitted to the various departments of Rajah Muthiah Medical College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram. Result: Of the 500 samples subjected for isolation and identification of P. aeruginosa, 116 (23.20%) were positive. The isolated strains were tested for antibiotic sensitivity patterns. 93.10% of P. aeruginosa showed a maximum sensitivity to Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin and 86.20% of strains were highly resistant to Cefotaxime. The same isolates were also tested for phenotypic characterization of Extended Spectrum of Beta Lactamases by double disc synergy method against Cefotaxime and Clavulanic acid, according to the criteria of Hi-Media [2]. Of the resistant strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from sputum, 59% were positive for ESBL. The genotype characterization of ESBL P. aeruginosa showed 40% of CTX-M and 46.66% SHV gene. Conclusion: The present study strongly recommends for further checking of the antibiotic resistant strains of P. aeruginosa for phenotypic characterization of ESBL for effective treatment.

Clinical analysis of nosocomial infection in 180 elderly patients with hip fractures

Objective To discuss the hip fracture in elderly patients with nosocomial infection,to take effective prevention and control measures. Methods Retrospective analysis of data of the elderly hip fracture combined with nosocomial infection during 2009 - 2010 was performed. Results A total of 180 cases of femoral neck

Risk factors and prognosis of neurological complications in patients with infective endocarditis

Objective To identify risk factors of neurological complications(NC)in left-sided infective endocarditis(IE)and to assess its impact on the outcome and cardiac surgery.Methods Clinical data,NC,treatment and outcome of patients with definite left-sided IE admitted to our hospital during 2001—2012 were retrospectively ana-