Exploration of Infection Prevention and Control Practice of Designated Hospitals in During Corona Virus Disease 2019 Epidemic Period

Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)is a new infectious disease that appeared in whan in December 2019 Since January23,the national health and fitmess commission has required hospitals to be designated in accordance with the principle of"concentrating patients,experts,resources and treatment".Designated hospitals are often the strength of the general hospital and general hospital complex layers of various kinds of personnel,campus area is large,multi-channel,ordinary outpatient accepts people more,for emergency and severe cases treatment in patients with normal difficulty pressuure big,suspected/confirmed cases,combined with the COVID-19 occurred when the traditional holiday,the country launched the emergency response since,process reform faces a difficult labor,shortage of mampower,protective shortages,short time limit,and many other difficulties,hospital infection prevention and control is facing unprecedented pressure.In this paper,the West China-Guang'an Hospital,Sichuan University(Guang'an people's hospital)as a designated hospital,on the basis of the relevant scheme of the national health committee,epidemic prevention and control of the actual,combined with comprehensive hospital leadership,mampower allocation,protection,security,patient management,disinfection isolation,preview triage,preventive measures,training,monitoring,etc.,with practical experience summary for the COVID-19 diring the hospital infection prevention and control to improve the practice exploration.

Infection Prevention Strategy in General Hospital under Regular Epidemic Prevention and Control

New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.

The Application of the “3 + 1” Mode in the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control at the Infection Ward of a Designated Comprehensive Hospital for COVID-19 Treatment

Objective: We assess the application effect of the “3 + 1” mode in the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control at the infection ward of a designated comprehensive hospital for COVID-19 treatment. Method: Based on the features of the inpatients of the infection ward and their relatives, a “3 + 1” mode for the COVID-19 prevention and control is developed to conform to the demands for epidemic prevention and control and the overall prevention and control scheme of the whole hospital. Here, “3” stands for the epidemic prevention and control system, personnel management, and prevention and control measures;“1” stands for COVID-19 testing. Result: From March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, a total of 3056 patients were hospitalized in the three infection wards. Among them, 265 patients had a fever, and 113 patients had respiratory symptoms. None of them were infected with COVID-19. The participation rate of the test about the knowledge related to COVID-19 and the knowledge mastery rate were both 100% among the medical staff. None of the inpatients and their companions or the medical staff was diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: Thus the “3 + 1” mode proves successful for avoiding nosocomial infection and the spread of the epidemic.

Clinical Research of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Nursing, Infection Prevention and Control for Senile Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture during Epidemic Period

Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) are the high incidences of diseases in the elderly. During the epidemic period, if not treated in time, the complications are high and the mortality is high. If we do not pay attention to infection prevention and control in pre-hospital emergency care, it will lead to the first time infection of medical staff and in-hospital cross infection in emergency outpatient receiving area. The correct consideration of both and the establishment of perfect pre-hospital emergency treatment and infection prevention and control synchronous strategy is an important premise to ensure the stable, orderly and safe medical treatment. Objective: To explore the effect of synchronous implementation of pre-hospital emergency care, nursing and infection pre-vention and control for senile OVCF during the epidemic. In order to improve the efficiency of pre-hospital emergency care and prevent the spread of infection. Method: A total of 92 elderly patients with OVCF who received pre-hospital treatment in 18 hospitals in Zhangjiakou City during the epidemic prevention and control period from January 2020 to November 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were selected as research objects, including 24 males and 68 females, aged 65 - 82 (74.2 ± 2.2) years. All patients were associated with concomitant injuries and underlying diseases. All patients in this group underwent predictive pre-hospital rescue and infection prevention and control procedures. Results: All the 92 elderly patients with OVCF received timely pre-hospital treatment during the epidemic period, and no aggravation occurred of the 92 patients, 35 were in the high risk area, 10 were in the medium risk area, and 47 were in the low risk area. Exclude OVCF for NCP Patients were treated according to the conventional diagnosis and treatment principles. Suspected and confirmed cases are transferred to designated surgical hospitals for treatment. All patients were followed up 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment. There was no death rate, high satisfaction of pre-hospital first aid, high diagnostic accuracy, and good curative effect. None of the rescue personnel had any infection rate, and no hospital infection transmission and nosocomial cross infection occurred. Conclusion: It is the first step to safely treat patients and prevent cross infection to establish a perfect synchronous strategy of pre-hospital first aid and infection prevention and control.

Jordanian Nurses’ Knowledge of Preventing Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Settings

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, its account for up to 16% of all healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The SSIs can contribute to post-operative morbidity, prolonged recovery, delayed discharge and increasing cost. Nurses’ knowledge of the evidence-based recommendations is necessary to provide high-quality nursing care. Aims: To assess the level of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs, to describe the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and selected sociodemographics, to examine the differences in nurses’ knowledge with respect to selected dichotomized variables, and to identify the most significant predictors of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs. Design: Cross-sectional design. Sample: Two hundred registered nurses at four targeted hospitals were recruited conveniently. Results: The mean of the total knowledge scores of the sample was 3.28 out of nine (SD = 1.72, range = 0 - 7), the median was 3 out of nine. There were a statistically significant correlation between all tested continuous sociodemographics variables and the total knowledge score (p > 0.05). There is a significant difference in nurses’ knowledge between those who are attending to special surgical related training course and who are not. The most significant predictors of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge were: the number of credit hours attended by nurses for surgical-related training courses and the total years of work experience in nursing. These variables explained 16.7% of variance. Conclusion: The results of this study shed light on the obstacles that hampers the Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs in acute care settings. However, the successful implementation of infection control measures, particularly SSIs prevention measures, and well-structured continuing education programs are considered as a substantial element that would improve nurses’ knowledge.

Analysis and control of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospital

Objective:To investigate the status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the prevention and control measures of nosocomial in-fection in our hospital.Methods:The annual monitoring of multidrug-resistant bacteria infection was measured to summarize the bacteria species,statistical distribution and antibiotic resistance.Identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria infection in patients infected or hospital acquired infections was taken to analyze the reasons of multidrug-resistant bacteria strain and put forward the relevant measures.Results:The top five of multidrug-resistant strains infections were:Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus aureus;Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter bauman-nii,Klebsiella pneumoniae.Conclusions:The occurrence of multidrug-resistant hospital infections could be prevented by rational use of antibiotics,hand hygiene and disinfection management,and reinforced monitoring of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

分层次教学培训对护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平及管理质量的影响

目的探讨和分析分层次教学培训对护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平及管理质量的影响和改善效果。方法选择安徽医科大学第二附属医院402名护士作为研究对象,于2023年3月1日—7月31日开展分层次教学培训,采用回顾性分析,对是否担任过医院感染管控护士的护士知识掌握程度、培训前后护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平和医院感染管理质量进行比较与分析。结果担任过医院感染管控护士的护士医院感染防控知识掌握评分高于未担任过的护士,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训后,护士在医院感染管理规范、诊疗器械处理程序、医院感染概念、空气消毒方面的知识掌握评分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护士在操作技能、应急能力、理论知识以及消毒管理方面的医院感染管理质量评分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论分层次教学培训的实施,显著提升了护士的医院感染防控知识掌握水平,同时也改善了医院感染管理质量。

基于“12345”热线转办的投诉分析及措施探讨

目的归纳总结“12345”热线转办投诉的情况,分析原因,提出处理措施。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月“12345”热线转办的启东市中医院投诉763件进行分析,分析投诉类型,总结发生投诉的科室分布情况,同时总结引起投诉的相关原因,提出处理措施。结果763件投诉情况中,涉及院感防控方面的总计380件,占比49.80%,其他涉及医院诊疗服务、就医流程、医疗收费等情况。涉及投诉的科室包括门诊医技科室、病区、总务、药房、收费等。分析结果显示,院感防控是3年内引起投诉的主要原因;其次是医患沟通不到位、医疗质量问题、服务态度问题、收费不合理等。结合原因提出相应处理对策。结论通过“12345”热线能够一定程度使医院了解投诉信息,拓宽投诉通道,改进服务机制,提升服务质量,以建立和谐、融洽的医患关系。

ICU护士血管导管相关感染预防与控制知识的现状调查

目的调查重症医学科(intensive care unit,ICU)护士血管导管相关感染(vessel catheter associated infection,VCAI)预防与控制知识的现状,为提高ICU护理质量提供改进依据。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2022年11—12月厦门大学附属第一医院ICU 60名在职护士作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、VCAI预防与控制知识现状调查表和学习情况调查表对其进行调查,并调查2020—2022年ICU的VCAI发生率。结果60名护士VCAI预防与控制知识总得分为10~27分,平均(20.57±3.50)分,平均得分率为76.18%,处于中等水平,各维度知识掌握水平不等。2020年发生1例VCAI,发生率为3.19‰;2021年发生2例VCAI,发生率分别为2.52‰、2.91‰;2022年未发生VCAI。结论ICU护士对VCAI知识掌握程度处于中等水平,应进一步加强对护士相关知识的培训和考核,规范操作流程,提高ICU护理质量。

重症医学科医院感染控制原则专家共识(2024)

重症患者是医院感染的高危人群,且医院感染会显著增加重症患者的死亡率和治疗成本,因此,在治疗原发疾病的过程中,严格防控新发医院感染是重症患者救治的重要组成部分。重症患者的救治涉及多个环节,需从理论、管理、教育、规范、监督等多个层面发挥合力作用,才能实现医院感染的有效防控,但目前医院感染防控尚缺乏统一的认识和规范。为此,2024年3月,国内多名重症医学、感染病学及医院感染相关专家共同探讨了重症医学科医院感染控制现状及其问题,并在参考国内外最新循证医学证据的基础上,形成了《重症医学科医院感染控制原则专家共识(2024)》,以期为重症医学科制订医院感染防控策略提供依据。

“木桶理论”在某三甲医院遏制多重耐药菌感染防控工作中的应用

多重耐药菌感染防控已成为医院高质量发展的重要任务,亦是目前医院感染防控所面临的主要挑战之一。为遏制多重耐药菌传播、降低医院感染发生率,本研究于2022年12月1日—2023年11月30日在某三甲医院采用“新木桶理论”管理工具构建了项目主架构,通过夯实制度管理桶底、固化监测系统长板、补齐科研创新短板、消除多部门间缝隙、优化绩效考核以及强化院级支持,充分发挥每一块“木板”的优势,总结出了一套行之有效的工作方案,以期更好地提升多重耐药菌感染管理工作质量,为医院多重耐药菌感染防控工作提供参考。

重症医学科医院感染困境与破局

随着重症医学的不断发展,重症医学科的医院感染问题日益突显,进而造成了诸多严重不良后果。因此,厘清其关键环节及发生机制,探讨更合理和有效的体系化防控手段,对于减少重症医学科医院感染、降低救治成本、改善患者预后具有重要意义。除体系化防控措施外,还需通过多学科通力协作及行政部门的大力支持,严格落实医院感染防控的具体细节,才能使这一棘手问题得以妥善解决。

目标管理理论在医养结合医院院内感染防控中的应用

目的评价目标管理理论在康复专科医院院内感染防控中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月在广西壮族自治区荣誉军人康复医院入住的康养患者作为研究对象,2021年1月1日至12月31日的402例患者为对照组,接受常规护理,2022年1月1日至12月31日的427例患者为干预组,在对照组基础上,按目标管理理论,设定目标及实施针对性的干预措施。比较两组医护人员手卫生依从性、环境卫生监测合格率和院内感染的发生率。结果干预组护士手卫生依从率为88.54%,高于对照组(69.79%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预组环境卫生监测合格率为96.87%,高于对照组(82.29%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预组患者院内感染的发生率为5.39%,低于对照组(10.94%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将目标管理理论应用于康复机构住院患者院内感染防控,可以有效控制院内感染的发生,值得临床推广应用。

“知信行控修”管理模式在病区医院感染中的应用研究

本文主要以《病区医院感染管理规范》作为研究的理论依据,引入健康教育“知信行控修”模式作为理论支撑,使用多种形式的宣传教育从而对医务人员起到培训的效果,最终加强病区医院感染管理工作。这种工作模式可以更好地提升病区医院感染管理的工作力度,让工作人员进一步巩固、推进落实感染管理质量。同时,这一管理模式目前也存在一定的优化与改进方向,在研究过程中,通过不断的优化与调整,提出“知信行控修”管理全新模式。文章主要的目的在于讨论这一模式对病区医院管理的实际效果以及应用策略,希望可以起到参考的作用与意义,为我国病区医院感染管理起到一定的参考作用。

基于社会网络分析法的方舱医院感染防控风险问题识别及策略分析

目的 筛选我国方舱医院感染防控实践存在的风险问题,为健全方舱医院感染防控体系提供参考。方法 以中国知网检索文献中提炼出29个方舱医院感染防控风险问题为依据,运用社会网络分析法对方舱医院感染防控风险问题网络从网络密度、点度中心度、中间中心度三个角度进行分析。结果 方舱医院感染防控风险问题网络交互度不高(0.393),社会网络点度中心度排名前3位的节点为缺乏可供参考的感染管理模式(23.00)、基于大型体育馆改建三区两通道设计不合规范(23.00)、第三方工作人员基本感染防控知识不足(23.00),中间中心度排名前3的节点为基于大型体育馆改建三区两通道设计不合规定(142.245)、专业化感染防控培训不足(51.625),第三方工作人员基本感染防控知识不足(49.595),主要位置节点重复表明未来该领域的研究趋向。结论 方舱医院感染防控受到多方面风险因素掣肘,强化方舱医院感染防控内部结构建设与感染防控运行质量,是方舱医院感染防控领域亟待解决的热点问题。

甘肃省某三甲中医院多重耐药菌感染分布情况探究

目的探究甘肃省某三甲中医院多重耐药菌感染分布情况。方法选取甘肃省某三甲中医院2019年—2022年多重耐药菌临床检测结果,利用“医院感染和传染病实时监控平台”对多重耐药菌(MDRO)检出率、重点监测MDRO分布构成、感染科室及感染标本来源分布进行回顾性分析。结果2019年—2022年剔除重复样本后共收集1360例MDRO阳性病例,重点监测MDRO分布排序依次为耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物鲍曼不动杆菌(CR-AB)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物铜绿假单胞菌(CR-PA)、耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)、耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE),其中CR-AB的检出率呈下降趋势;重点监测MDRO感染科室分布广泛,其中以重症医学科、骨髓炎科、肺病科、脑病科感染为主,分别为34.71%、10.51%、7.79%、6.47%;临床送检实验标本以痰液和伤口分泌物为主,分别为45.00%、26.62%。结论甘肃省某三甲中医院MDRO感染的发生率近年来依旧在逐步增加,还需进一步加强相关感染防控工作落实。

重症医学科的医院感染与非医院感染

重症医学科感染患者来源复杂、感染部位多样,可能合并多种病原菌感染,且其耐药率高,为临床诊疗带来了巨大挑战。重症医学科感染可分为医院感染和非医院感染2种类型,二者临床特点存在较大差异。本文从医院感染与非医院感染的角度出发,就重症感染的相关概念、危险因素、发病机制以及血流感染、肺部感染、腹腔感染、颅内感染等常见重症感染特点、诊治方案与防控策略展开论述,以期为重症患者的临床管理提供有价值的指导。

重症医学科感控认知心路

重症医学科是医院感染较为集中的科室,而医院感染与重症患者的预后紧密相关。以医院感染为轴线,重症患者的救治可分为3个阶段:(1)原发疾病的处理和器官功能支持;(2)重症导致的各种并发症的治疗;(3)控制进一步损害及新发并发症。后2个阶段循环往复,可使患者进入持续炎症反应和高代谢状态,最终导致预后不良。通过各阶段感控措施的充分落实以降低医院感染风险是重症救治过程中不可忽视的组成部分。因此,如何理解、预防、治疗重症医学科的医院感染是重症医学发展的当务之急。本文从改变对医院感染的认知、规范具体防控措施、夯实理论基础、认识防控即治疗、整合治疗和质控5个方面综合阐述重症医学科医院感染的防治策略,最终形成以重症患者医院感染防控为基石的重症救治理念,实现降低重症患者医院感染风险,提高重症医学科医疗质量的目标。

规范化护理管理在预防与控制医院感染中的应用

目的研究分析规范化护理管理在预防与控制医院感染中的应用效果。方法将100例在我院接受治疗的患者选为研究对象,时间选取范围为2021年3月至2022年3月,按照双盲法将患者分成两组,即参照组与观察组,每组患者各50例。参照组给予常规护理管理,观察组给予规范化护理管理,对两组医院感染发生率、心理状态、健康知识掌握情况、自护能力、护理满意度予以观察比较。结果相比于参照组,观察组医院感染发生率更低,组间具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在护理后,观察组心理状态各指标评分低于参照组(P<0.05)。观察组护理后医院感染知识、疾病知识、治疗与康复知识、护理管理知识评分高于参照组(P<0.05)。与参照组相比,观察组护理后自我概念、自护技能、自护责任感、健康知识评分更高,组间具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。针对护理满意度而言,观察组高于参照组(P<0.05)。结论规范化护理管理在预防与控制医院感染中的应用效果十分明显,能够有效降低医院感染发生率,改善患者心理状态,增加患者对健康知识的了解,提高患者自护能力与护理满意度,具有非常高的应用价值。