The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention.These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention.These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission from animals to humans.Although numerous works have intensively discussed the cross-species and endemic barriers to the occurrence and spread of emerging infectious diseases,both types of barriers play synergistic roles in wildlife habitats.Thus far,there is still a lack of a complete understanding of viral diffusion,migration,and transmission in ecosystems from a macro perspective.In this review,we conceptualize the ecological barrier that represents the combined effects of cross-species and endemic barriers for either the natural or intermediate hosts of viruses.We comprehensively discuss the key influential factors affecting the ecological barrier against viral transmission from virus hosts in their natural habitats into human society,including transmission routes,contact probability,contact frequency,and viral characteristics.Considering the significant impacts of human activities and global industrialization on the strength of the ecological barrier,ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities is critically analyzed for potential mechanisms.Global climate change can trigger and expand the range of emerging infectious diseases,and human disturbances promote higher contact frequency and greater transmission possibility.In addition,globalization drives more transmission routes and produces new high-risk regions in city areas.This review aims to provide a new concept for and comprehensive evidence of the ecological barrier blocking the transmission and spread of emerging infectious diseases.It also offers new insights into potential strategies to protect the ecological barrier and reduce the wide-ranging risks of emerging infectious diseases to public health.展开更多
In recent years,the risk of acute emerging infectious diseases has increased significantly due to changes in environmental conditions and social factors,posing a serious threat to public health security and human heal...In recent years,the risk of acute emerging infectious diseases has increased significantly due to changes in environmental conditions and social factors,posing a serious threat to public health security and human health.The general susceptibility of the population and the unpredictability and increasing infectiousness of emerging infectious diseases reflect the inadequacy of the existing infectious disease surveillance system for timely detection and screening of emerging infectious diseases,often leading to a certain scale of epidemic outbreaks that seriously harm humans before being detected passively.This is a literature review on symptom surveillance of acute emerging infectious diseases at home and abroad,emphasizing on the subject matter and development of symptom surveillance of emerging infectious diseases,so as to provide a scientific basis for the establishment and improvement of symptom surveillance of acute emerging infectious diseases.展开更多
Variations in host traits that influence their exposure and susceptibility may impact probability of vector-transmitted diseases.Therefore,identifying the predictors of infection probability is necessary to understand...Variations in host traits that influence their exposure and susceptibility may impact probability of vector-transmitted diseases.Therefore,identifying the predictors of infection probability is necessary to understand the risk of disease outbreaks during expanding environmental perturbation.Here,we conducted a large survey based on microscopic examination and molecular analysis of haemosporidian parasite infection in raptors rescued at the Beijing Raptor Rescue Centre.Combining these data with biological and ecological variables of the raptors,we determined predictors that affect the probability of haemosporidian infection using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel inference.Our results showed that infection probability exhibited considerable variation across host species in raptors,and body mass,sex,and evolutionary history played relatively weaker roles in driving infection probability.Instead,activity pattern,age,geographic range size,migration distance,and nest type were important predictors of the probability of haemosporidian infection,and the role of each predictor differed in the three main haemosporidian genera(Plasmodium,Haemoproteus,and Leucocytozoon).This macro-ecological analysis will add to our understanding of host traits that influence the probability of avian haemosporidian infection and will help inform risk of emerging diseases.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically increased the awareness of emerging infectious diseases. The advancement of multiomics analysis technology has resulted in the development of several d...The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically increased the awareness of emerging infectious diseases. The advancement of multiomics analysis technology has resulted in the development of several databases containing virus information. Several scientists have integrated existing data on viruses to construct phylogenetic trees and predict virus mutation and transmission in different ways, providing prospective technical support for epidemic prevention and control. This review summarized the databases of known emerging infectious viruses and techniques focusing on virus variant forecasting and early warning. It focuses on the multi-dimensional information integration and database construction of emerging infectious viruses, virus mutation spectrum construction and variant forecast model, analysis of the affinity between mutation antigen and the receptor, propagation model of virus dynamic evolution, and monitoring and early warning for variants. As people have suffered from COVID-19 and repeated flu outbreaks, we focused on the research results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses. This review comprehensively viewed the latest virus research and provided a reference for future virus prevention and control research.展开更多
There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease(EVD),formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever,and the public health burden that it ensues.Since 1976,there have been 885,343...There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease(EVD),formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever,and the public health burden that it ensues.Since 1976,there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2,512 cases and 932 fatality in West Africa.There are certain requirements that must be met when responding to EVD outbreaks and this process could incur certain challenges.For the purposes of this paper,five have been identified:(i)the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa;(ii)the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic,anxiety,psychosocial trauma,isolation and dignity impounding,stigmatisation,community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences;(iii)limited financial resources,human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses,practices and management;(iv)inadequate leadership and coordination;and(v)the lack of development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing,controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the disease.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop and implement an active early warning alert and surveillance response system for outbreak response and control of emerging infectious diseases.Understanding the unending risks of transmission dynamics and resurgence is essential in implementing rapid effective response interventions tailored to specific local settings and contexts.Therefore,the following actions are recommended:(i)national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings,as well as critical human resources development,must be quickly adopted by allied ministries and organisations in African countries in epidemic and pandemic responses;(ii)harnessing all stakeholders commitment and advocacy in sustained funding,collaboration,communication and networking including community participation to enhance a coordinated responses,as well as tracking and prompt case management to combat challenges;(iii)more research and development in new drug discovery and vaccines;and(iv)understanding the involvement of global health to promote the establishment of public health surveillance response systems with functions of early warning,as well as monitoring and evaluation in upholding research-action programmes and innovative interventions.展开更多
For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastru...For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.展开更多
基金the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52091543)the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2020-ZD15)for the financial support of this work。
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention.These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission from animals to humans.Although numerous works have intensively discussed the cross-species and endemic barriers to the occurrence and spread of emerging infectious diseases,both types of barriers play synergistic roles in wildlife habitats.Thus far,there is still a lack of a complete understanding of viral diffusion,migration,and transmission in ecosystems from a macro perspective.In this review,we conceptualize the ecological barrier that represents the combined effects of cross-species and endemic barriers for either the natural or intermediate hosts of viruses.We comprehensively discuss the key influential factors affecting the ecological barrier against viral transmission from virus hosts in their natural habitats into human society,including transmission routes,contact probability,contact frequency,and viral characteristics.Considering the significant impacts of human activities and global industrialization on the strength of the ecological barrier,ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities is critically analyzed for potential mechanisms.Global climate change can trigger and expand the range of emerging infectious diseases,and human disturbances promote higher contact frequency and greater transmission possibility.In addition,globalization drives more transmission routes and produces new high-risk regions in city areas.This review aims to provide a new concept for and comprehensive evidence of the ecological barrier blocking the transmission and spread of emerging infectious diseases.It also offers new insights into potential strategies to protect the ecological barrier and reduce the wide-ranging risks of emerging infectious diseases to public health.
文摘In recent years,the risk of acute emerging infectious diseases has increased significantly due to changes in environmental conditions and social factors,posing a serious threat to public health security and human health.The general susceptibility of the population and the unpredictability and increasing infectiousness of emerging infectious diseases reflect the inadequacy of the existing infectious disease surveillance system for timely detection and screening of emerging infectious diseases,often leading to a certain scale of epidemic outbreaks that seriously harm humans before being detected passively.This is a literature review on symptom surveillance of acute emerging infectious diseases at home and abroad,emphasizing on the subject matter and development of symptom surveillance of emerging infectious diseases,so as to provide a scientific basis for the establishment and improvement of symptom surveillance of acute emerging infectious diseases.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.210100191).
文摘Variations in host traits that influence their exposure and susceptibility may impact probability of vector-transmitted diseases.Therefore,identifying the predictors of infection probability is necessary to understand the risk of disease outbreaks during expanding environmental perturbation.Here,we conducted a large survey based on microscopic examination and molecular analysis of haemosporidian parasite infection in raptors rescued at the Beijing Raptor Rescue Centre.Combining these data with biological and ecological variables of the raptors,we determined predictors that affect the probability of haemosporidian infection using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel inference.Our results showed that infection probability exhibited considerable variation across host species in raptors,and body mass,sex,and evolutionary history played relatively weaker roles in driving infection probability.Instead,activity pattern,age,geographic range size,migration distance,and nest type were important predictors of the probability of haemosporidian infection,and the role of each predictor differed in the three main haemosporidian genera(Plasmodium,Haemoproteus,and Leucocytozoon).This macro-ecological analysis will add to our understanding of host traits that influence the probability of avian haemosporidian infection and will help inform risk of emerging diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1203202,2018YFC2000205)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB38050200,XDA26040304)the Self-supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(SRPG22-007).
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically increased the awareness of emerging infectious diseases. The advancement of multiomics analysis technology has resulted in the development of several databases containing virus information. Several scientists have integrated existing data on viruses to construct phylogenetic trees and predict virus mutation and transmission in different ways, providing prospective technical support for epidemic prevention and control. This review summarized the databases of known emerging infectious viruses and techniques focusing on virus variant forecasting and early warning. It focuses on the multi-dimensional information integration and database construction of emerging infectious viruses, virus mutation spectrum construction and variant forecast model, analysis of the affinity between mutation antigen and the receptor, propagation model of virus dynamic evolution, and monitoring and early warning for variants. As people have suffered from COVID-19 and repeated flu outbreaks, we focused on the research results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses. This review comprehensively viewed the latest virus research and provided a reference for future virus prevention and control research.
文摘There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease(EVD),formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever,and the public health burden that it ensues.Since 1976,there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2,512 cases and 932 fatality in West Africa.There are certain requirements that must be met when responding to EVD outbreaks and this process could incur certain challenges.For the purposes of this paper,five have been identified:(i)the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa;(ii)the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic,anxiety,psychosocial trauma,isolation and dignity impounding,stigmatisation,community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences;(iii)limited financial resources,human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses,practices and management;(iv)inadequate leadership and coordination;and(v)the lack of development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing,controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the disease.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop and implement an active early warning alert and surveillance response system for outbreak response and control of emerging infectious diseases.Understanding the unending risks of transmission dynamics and resurgence is essential in implementing rapid effective response interventions tailored to specific local settings and contexts.Therefore,the following actions are recommended:(i)national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings,as well as critical human resources development,must be quickly adopted by allied ministries and organisations in African countries in epidemic and pandemic responses;(ii)harnessing all stakeholders commitment and advocacy in sustained funding,collaboration,communication and networking including community participation to enhance a coordinated responses,as well as tracking and prompt case management to combat challenges;(iii)more research and development in new drug discovery and vaccines;and(iv)understanding the involvement of global health to promote the establishment of public health surveillance response systems with functions of early warning,as well as monitoring and evaluation in upholding research-action programmes and innovative interventions.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. L1522033, 81290340, and 81290345） and the National Key Research and Development Program of China （No. 2016YFC1201903）. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for the improvement of this study. We also extend our gratitude to Dr. Hualiang Lin and Prof. Xinhe Lai for the revision and discussion.
文摘For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.
