EDITORIAL Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)is a new intractable disease worldwide,itsonset is acute,its infectivity and mortality is high,the knowledge about its etiology and pathogenesis is in-sufficient,the ex...EDITORIAL Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)is a new intractable disease worldwide,itsonset is acute,its infectivity and mortality is high,the knowledge about its etiology and pathogenesis is in-sufficient,the experience on SARS treatment awaits accumulation.Following pilot experiences of applyingICWM in fighting SARS is most valuable with scientific significance.展开更多
The communal nature of living and training environments, alongside suboptimal hygiene and stressors in the field, place military personnel at higher risk of contracting emerging infectious diseases. Some of these dise...The communal nature of living and training environments, alongside suboptimal hygiene and stressors in the field, place military personnel at higher risk of contracting emerging infectious diseases. Some of these diseases spread quickly within ranks resulting in large outbreaks, and personnel deployed are also often immunologically na?ve to otherwise uncommonly-encountered pathogens. Furthermore, the chance of weaponised biological agents being used in conventional warfare or otherwise remains a very real, albeit often veiled, threat. However, such challenges also provide opportunities for the advancement of preventive and therapeutic military medicine, some of which have been later adopted in civilian settings. Some of these include improved surveillance, new vaccines and drugs, better public health interventions and inter-agency co-operations. The legacy of successes in dealing with infectious diseases is a reminder of the importance in sustaining efforts aimed at ensuring a safer environment for both military and the community at large.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions are responsible for increased costs and morbidity in the health system.Hepatotoxicity can be induced both by non-prescription drugs and by those used for chronic diseases.It is the ma...BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions are responsible for increased costs and morbidity in the health system.Hepatotoxicity can be induced both by non-prescription drugs and by those used for chronic diseases.It is the main cause of safety-related drug marketing withdrawals and could be responsible for irreversible and fatal injuries.AIM To identify and to summarize Brazilian studies reporting the drug-induced liver injury.METHODS A systematic review of Brazilian studies was carried out until June 2020.It was found 32 studies,being 10 retrospective cohorts,12 prospective cohorts,5 crosssectional,3 case-control,one case series and one randomized clinical trial.In most studies were investigated tuberculosis patients followed by other infectious conditions like human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis C virus.The hepatotoxicity ranged from one to 57%,led by isoniazid,rifampicin,and pyrazinamide.Few studies reported algorithm to assess causality.In most studies,there were moderate outcomes and it was necessary drug interruption.However,few severe outcomes,such as chronic liver damage and liver transplantation were reported.RESULTS Twenty-two different criteria for hepatotoxicity were found.The great heterogeneity did not allow a meta-analysis.Standardization of parameter of drug-induced liver injury and greater effort in pharmacovigilance could contribute to learn more about drug-induced liver injury(DILI)’s epidemiology in Brazil.CONCLUSION The development of strategic public health policies seems to have an influence on the DILI scientific evidence in Brazil due to main studies are in HIV and tuberculosis line care,two strategic health policies in Brazil.展开更多
文摘EDITORIAL Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)is a new intractable disease worldwide,itsonset is acute,its infectivity and mortality is high,the knowledge about its etiology and pathogenesis is in-sufficient,the experience on SARS treatment awaits accumulation.Following pilot experiences of applyingICWM in fighting SARS is most valuable with scientific significance.
文摘The communal nature of living and training environments, alongside suboptimal hygiene and stressors in the field, place military personnel at higher risk of contracting emerging infectious diseases. Some of these diseases spread quickly within ranks resulting in large outbreaks, and personnel deployed are also often immunologically na?ve to otherwise uncommonly-encountered pathogens. Furthermore, the chance of weaponised biological agents being used in conventional warfare or otherwise remains a very real, albeit often veiled, threat. However, such challenges also provide opportunities for the advancement of preventive and therapeutic military medicine, some of which have been later adopted in civilian settings. Some of these include improved surveillance, new vaccines and drugs, better public health interventions and inter-agency co-operations. The legacy of successes in dealing with infectious diseases is a reminder of the importance in sustaining efforts aimed at ensuring a safer environment for both military and the community at large.
文摘BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions are responsible for increased costs and morbidity in the health system.Hepatotoxicity can be induced both by non-prescription drugs and by those used for chronic diseases.It is the main cause of safety-related drug marketing withdrawals and could be responsible for irreversible and fatal injuries.AIM To identify and to summarize Brazilian studies reporting the drug-induced liver injury.METHODS A systematic review of Brazilian studies was carried out until June 2020.It was found 32 studies,being 10 retrospective cohorts,12 prospective cohorts,5 crosssectional,3 case-control,one case series and one randomized clinical trial.In most studies were investigated tuberculosis patients followed by other infectious conditions like human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis C virus.The hepatotoxicity ranged from one to 57%,led by isoniazid,rifampicin,and pyrazinamide.Few studies reported algorithm to assess causality.In most studies,there were moderate outcomes and it was necessary drug interruption.However,few severe outcomes,such as chronic liver damage and liver transplantation were reported.RESULTS Twenty-two different criteria for hepatotoxicity were found.The great heterogeneity did not allow a meta-analysis.Standardization of parameter of drug-induced liver injury and greater effort in pharmacovigilance could contribute to learn more about drug-induced liver injury(DILI)’s epidemiology in Brazil.CONCLUSION The development of strategic public health policies seems to have an influence on the DILI scientific evidence in Brazil due to main studies are in HIV and tuberculosis line care,two strategic health policies in Brazil.
