Research Advances in Infectious Mononucleosis Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus

Infectious mononucleosis (IM), primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), manifests as the classic triad of fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Severe cases may involve organ damage, most commonly affecting the liver. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory parameters, with commonly used indicators including EBV-specific antibodies, EBV-DNA load, and the ratio of atypical lymphocytes. Treatment primarily involves symptomatic supportive care, with a cautious approach to the routine use of antiviral medications. In recent years, significant research in traditional Chinese medicine has been conducted in China, showing promising advancements. This article provides a comprehensive review of EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis, offering insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The Positivity Rate of Epstein-Barr Virus Anti-Viral Capsid Antigen IgG among Children with Infectious Mononucleosis in Diyala-Iraq

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded linear DNA human herpesvirus that is transmitted primarily through saliva during childhood. Although the majority of primary EBV infections are clinically asymptomatic, clinical cases are presented as infectious mononucleosis (IMN) syndrome. Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the rate of EBV anti-VCA IgG among children who were clinically suspected as having IMNin Diyala province. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was carried out during 2018 in Diyala province-Iraq. A total of 370 blood samples were collected from 190 children under 15 years of age who were clinically suspected as having IMN, and 180 apparently healthy children as controls. The anti EBV VCA IgG antibodies were detected in serum using the VCA IgG ELISA kit (from Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobessrl-Italy). Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS-version 25. A statistical significance was considered whenever the P value was ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that the IgG positivity rate among suspected IMN patients was insignificantly higher in the age group 10 - 14 years old children (80.8%, P = 0.364). In control subjects the highest positivity rate was in the age group of 1 - 4 years with a statistically significant difference (79.5%, P = 0.002). In suspected IMN patients, the age group of 10 - 14 years had the highest mean concentration ± SD of anti-VCA IgG 44.018 ± 38.644 arbitrary units per milliliter (arbU/ml), while in controls, the highest value 38.018 ± 34.908 (arbU/ml) was in the age group of 1 - 4 years, with insignificant difference in either group (P = 0.257 and 0.072, respectively). The results also showed that in both suspected IMN patients and control subjects, females showed higher IgG positivity rate (70.6%, and 75.5%) compared to males (64.8%, and 65.1%) with insignificant difference in both groups (P = 0.392 and 0.126) respectively. Similarly, the IgG mean concentration ± SD was insignificantly higher in females in both suspected IMN patients and control subjects (P = 0.447 and 0.256) respectively. 21 (87.5%) of IgM positive suspected IMN patients were also IgG positive with a statistically significant association (P = 0.028). Conclusion: The positivity rate of anti-EBV VCA IgG among apparently healthy subjects in Diyala province was 70.6%, which increases by age with slight association with clinical suspicion of infectious mononucleosis.

The Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Co-Infection in Pediatric Infectious Mononucleosis: A Single-Centered, Retrospective Study

Background: Recent studies indicate that the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM) has increased in China. Furthermore, it has been shown that children diagnosed with IM are prone to acquiring other pathogens. However, there is limited research on the prevalence of these co-infections in children with IM. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of coinfections and common pathogens, as well as to compare clinical manifestations in children with and without coinfections. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, with data from January 2018 to January 2023. Data, including demographics, symptoms, lab results, and complications, were collected from the hospital’s electronic database and analyzed. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests to compare the means of continuous variables. Statistical significance was determined by p-values less than 0.05. Results: The study involved 216 participants diagnosed with IM, predominantly males (61.6%) aged 0 - 4 years (50.9%). Coinfection was detected in 39.8% of children, with multiple pathogens present in 33.72% of these cases. Among coinfection cases, 40% occurred in children under 5 years old, and females made up 54.2% of these cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was the most prevalent pathogen, accounting for 18.1% of cases. Influenza B (IFB) and Influenza A (IFA) viruses were found in 16.7% and 13.9% of participants, respectively, indicating a notable occurrence of respiratory pathogen coinfections. Male gender, fever, tonsillopharyngitis, lower HGB levels, higher ESR, CRP, and AST levels were correlated with coinfections. Conclusion: In summary, the study revealed a high prevalence of coinfections among children diagnosed with IM, particularly involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza viruses. These coinfections were notably common in children under 5 years old and were more frequent among females. Clinical manifestations such as fever and tonsillopharyngitis, along with specific laboratory findings including lower hemoglobin levels, elevated ESR, CRP and AST levels, were found to be correlated with coinfections.

Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus(CAEBV)infection is a systemic Epstein–Barr virus(EBV)positive lymphoprolifetative disease characterized by fever,lymphadenopathy,splenomegaly,unusual pattern of antiEBV antibodies,and/or increased EBV genomes in affected tissues.Most cases are from Asia.So far,there is hardly any adult case reported from mainland of China.We herein presented a 33-year-old man with fever,facial erythema and rash,lymphadenopathy,lower limbs weakness,splenomegaly and liver lesion.EBV VCA,EA and EBNA were all positive.EBV DNA could be found in serum and PBMC.In situ hybridization of EBV encoded RNA in skin and liver biopsy was positive.Viral load in serum decreased under interferon alpha therapy.To our knowledge,it’s the first adult case reported from mainland of China.

Epstein-Barr virus:Silent companion or causative agent of chronic liver disease?

The Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)has an important and multifaceted role in liver pathology.As a member of the herpes virus family,EBV establishes a persistent infection in more than 90%of adults.Besides acute hepatitis during primary infection,many clinical syndromes of interest for the hepatologist are associated with EBV infection.The role of EBV in the evolution of chronic hepatitis from hepatotropic viruses is considered.Chronic EBVassociated hepatitis is suspected in immunocompetent adults with compatible serology,suggestive histology and detection of the viral genome in the liver and/or increase of specific circulating cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.EBV is the main cause of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders which occur in up to 30%of cases.EBV-driven lymphoproliferative diseases are also recognized in non-immunocompromised patients and liver is involved in up to a third of the cases.Directly implicated in the pathogenesis of different tumors,EBV has a disputable role in hepatocellular carcinoma carcinogenesis.Further research is required in order to establish or reject the role of EBV in human liver cancer.This paper attempts to discuss the range of EBV-associated chronic liver diseases in immunocompetent patients,from mild,self-limiting mononuclear hepatitis to liver cancer.

A case of acute infectious mononucleosis presenting with very high ferritin

Hepatitis is an important but uncommon manifestation of acute Epstein Barr infection. Infectious mononucleosis is usually a disease of young adults. We report a case of infectious mononucleosis in a 72-year old jaundiced gentleman with ferritin level of 2438 that normalised on clinical improvement.

The role of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis:from molecular pathophysiology to in vivo imaging

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with the risk of developing MS, but the exact cause still remains unidentified. Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), vitamin D, and smoking are among the most well-established environmental risk factors in MS. Infectious mononucleosis, which is caused by delayed primary EBV infection, increases the risk of developing MS. EBV may also contribute to MS pathogenesis indirectly by activating silent human endogenous retrovirus-W. The emerging B-cell depleting therapies, particularly anti-CD20 agents such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, as well as the fully human ofatumumab, have shown promising clinical and magnetic resonance imaging benefit. One potential effect of these therapies is the depletion of memory B-cells, the primary reservoir site where EBV latency occurs. In addition, EBV potentially interacts with both genetic and other environmental factors to increase susceptibility and disease severity of MS. This review examines the role of EBV in MS pathophysiology and summarizes the recent clinical and radiological findings, with a focus on B-cells and in vivo imaging. Addressing the potential link between EBV and MS allows the better understanding of MS pathogenesis and helps to identify additional disease biomarkers that may be responsive to B-cell depleting intervention.

Recurrence of infectious mononucleosis in adults after remission for 3 years:A case report

BACKGROUND Infectious mononucleosis(IM)is a disease caused by Epstein–Barr virus(EBV).EBV infection is common in children;however,it can cause IM in adults.Studies on recurrence of IM in adults after remission are limited.CASE SUMMARY We report a 28-year-old man who presented with IM-like symptoms with mild liver damage after initial remission of IM for 3 years.He was first diagnosed with IM and treated in 2015.Follow-up tests in 2016 and 2017 did not show any abnormalities.In November 2018,he presented with swelling of the tonsils.He was misdiagnosed with acute suppurative tonsillitis and treated for 5 d.No signs of improvement were observed.He was readmitted with recurrent fever,pharyngalgia,fatigue,and systemic muscle pain.Examinations revealed enlargement of the tonsils and cervical lymph nodes.Blood tests revealed elevated transaminase levels.Anti-EBV test was positive,indicating virus reactivation.IM recurrence was confirmed on the basis of laboratory tests and clinical manifestations.He was treated with antiviral,anti-infective,and hepatoprotective drugs and vitamin supplements.His condition improved and no abnormalities were observed during follow-up.CONCLUSION Recurrence of IM after remission is possible in adults;therefore,long-term followup and monitoring are essential.

传染性单核细胞增多症患儿调节性T细胞/辅助性T细胞17免疫失衡与治疗后Epstein-Barr病毒-DNA仍阳性的相关性研究

目的探讨传染性单核细胞增多症患儿调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)/辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th)17免疫失衡与治疗后Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)-DNA仍阳性的相关性,为传染性单核细胞增多症的治疗及预后评估提供重要标志物。方法以2021年1月至2023年6月就诊于秦皇岛市工人医院的88例传染性单核细胞增多症患儿作为研究对象。患儿接受基于阿昔洛韦或更昔洛韦的标准化治疗并持续随访,根据治疗14d时患儿EBV-DNA载量是否仍为阳性分为EBV-DNA阴性组(n=70)和EBV-DNA阳性组(n=18)。对比两组患儿一般临床资料、治疗相关特征、治疗前T细胞亚群、炎性细胞因子、免疫球蛋白等指标的差异。将单因素分析有意义的指标进行Spearman相关性分析及多因素Logistic回归分析,评价各差异性指标与传染性单核细胞增多症患儿治疗14d后EBV-DNA仍阳性的相关性和危险因素。结果EBV-DNA阳性组患儿平均住院时间、平均体温恢复时间、淋巴结肿大恢复时间均显著长于EBV-DNA阴性组患儿(P<0.05);EBV-DNA阳性组患儿平均CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值、Treg细胞比例、Treg/Th17比值、血清IL-4水平均显著低于EBV-DNA阴性组患儿,平均Th17细胞比例及血清IFN-γ水平均显著高于EBV-DNA阴性组患儿(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析表明传染性单核细胞增多症患儿CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞比例及Treg细胞比例较低、Th17细胞比例较高及Treg/Th17比值较低均是规范治疗14d后EBV-DNA仍阳性的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论传染性单核细胞增多症患儿治疗前T细胞亚群比例特征、Treg/Th17免疫失衡严重程度、Th1/Th2细胞因子水平及免疫球蛋白水平与治疗14d后EBV-DNA仍阳性具有显著相关性,密切监测并促进患儿免疫-炎症水平恢复平衡对于提高传染性单核细胞增多症治疗预后具有重要临床意义。

传染性单核细胞增多症中Epstein-Barr、巨细胞病毒同时感染的临床特点

目的:探讨传染性单核细胞增多症中Epstein-Barr(EB)、巨细胞病毒同时感染的临床特点。方法:选取2020年3月—2021年8月湖北省咸宁市妇幼保健院收治的80例确诊EB、巨细胞病毒同时感染的传染性单核细胞增多症患儿作为观察组,选取同期收治的80例EB病毒单一感染的传染性单核细胞增多症患儿作为对照组,比较两组临床症状、实验室指标、临床疗效。结果:观察组脾肿大、肝肿大、肺炎、贫血、血小板减少发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 0)。观察组异常淋巴细胞率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 0)。观察组治疗总有效率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001 1)。结论:EB、巨细胞病毒同时感染传染性单核细胞增多症的临床特点为脾肿大、肝肿大、肺炎、贫血、血小板减少等,应根据患儿实际情况进行针对性治疗。

Clinically Controlled Study on Children's Infectious Mononucleosis Treated by Chinese Medicine

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese drugs for the treatment of children＇s infectious mononucleosis （CIM）. Methods： Sixty CIM patients were assigned into the treated group and the control group, patients in the treated group were administered with Chinese herbal decoction, and those in the control group were treated with intravenous dripping of ganciclovir 10 mg/kg per day, for a treatment course of 14 days. Results： The total effective rate was 96.0% in the treated group and 97.1% in the control group, showing insignificant difference between groups. The efficacy in the treated group was superior to that in the control group on the fever clearance time （3.0 ± 1.5 days vs 4.9 ± 3.9 days ） and the disappearance time of cervical lymph node swelling （0.8 ± 1.0 score vs 1.5 ± 1.2 score）, showing statistical significance （all P〈0.05）. T-cell subsets were markedly improved in both groups after treatment. Adverse reaction occurred in four cases of the control group. Conclusion： Using Chinese herbs for clearing heat, removing toxin, activating blood circulation, and dissolving stasis is effective and safe for the treatment of CIM. It can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and shows a certain effect on immune regulation.

Notch信号通路在成人EB病毒感染所致传染性单核细胞增多症中的作用

目的:观察成人传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患者Notch信号通路分子和Th22细胞的变化,检测抑制Notch信号通路对Th22细胞的调控作用。方法:纳入42例IM患者和21例健康对照者,采集外周血,分离血浆和外周血单个核细胞,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血浆白细胞介素(IL)-17和IL-22水平,流式细胞术检测CD3+CD4+IL-17+Th17细胞和CD3+CD4+IL-22+Th22细胞比例,实时定量PCR法检测Th17转录因子维甲酸相关孤独核受体γt(RORγt)、Th22转录因子芳香烃受体(AhR)及Notch信号通路分子(包括Notch受体、Notch配体、Notch下游分子)mRNA相对表达量。纯化CD4+T细胞,使用γ-分泌酶抑制剂(GSI)刺激培养,检测GSI刺激后细胞增殖、Th17和Th22细胞比例、IL-17和IL-22分泌、转录因子mRNA相对表达量变化。结果:IM组外周血单个核细胞中Notch1和Notch2 mRNA的相对表达量分别为13.58±3.18、4.73±1.16,均明显高于对照组的1.09±0.12、1.07±0.15(均P<0.001),而Notch3和Notch4 mRNA相对表达量在IM组和对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IM组Notch配体DLL1和Jagged1 mRNA相对表达量、Notch信号下游分子Hes1、Hes5和Hey1 mRNA相对表达量均高于对照组(均P<0.001)。IM患者Th17和Th22细胞比例分别为5.03%±1.15%、4.48%±1.29%,均高于对照组的4.36%±0.82%、3.83%±0.55%(均P<0.05);血浆IL-17和IL-22水平分别为(301.1±53.82)pg/ml、(101.2±16.45)pg/ml,均高于对照组的(237.2±72.18)pg/ml、(84.75±11.83)pg/ml(均P<0.001);RORγt和AhR mRNA相对表达量分别为1.25±0.22、1.21±0.12,均高于对照组的0.99±0.15、1.04±0.11(均P<0.001)。CD4+T细胞增殖水平、Th17细胞比例、IL-17分泌和RORγt mRNA相对表达量在无GSI刺激组和经GSI刺激组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经GSI刺激后Th22细胞比例、IL-22分泌和AhR mRNA相对表达量较无GSI刺激降低(均P<0.05)。结论:Notch信号通路通过AhR调控IM患者CD4+T细胞分泌IL-22,Notch-AhR-Th22细胞通路可能参与IM发病。

EBNA2免疫组化在EB病毒阳性淋巴组织疾病中的表达意义

目的观察EBNA2免疫组化在不同EB病毒阳性淋巴组织疾病中的表达差异、分析其在病理诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值。方法收集344例EB病毒阳性的淋巴组织疾病,总结EBNA2免疫组化在病变中的表达特点。结果不同的EBV阳性淋巴组织病变,EBNA2的阳性表达不同:IM中阳性39例(39/46),EBV阳性的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤3例(3/30),淋巴瘤样肉芽肿1例(1/5),纤维素相关弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤2例(2/2),浆母细胞淋巴瘤1例(1/14),免疫相关淋巴组织增殖性疾病32例(32/58)(包括移植后淋巴组织增殖性疾病21例,HIV相关Burkitt淋巴瘤1例,HIV相关弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤2例,原发免疫缺陷疾病相关淋巴组织疾病6例,医源性免疫相关淋巴组织增殖性疾病2例)。其余均显示EBNA2阴性。②不同病变中的EBNA2阳性细胞表达明显不同:传染性单核细胞增多症中的EBNA2阳性细胞相对较少,并且多呈散在分布,几乎很少见到簇状聚集的情况。EBNA2阳性细胞多表现为≤10个/HPF,少见11~50个/HPF,仅有个别病例显示大于50个/HPF。免疫相关淋巴组织增殖性疾病中,出现大量EBNA2阳性细胞,阳性细胞较弥漫分布,大部分为强阳性,并且阳性细胞多显示大于50个/HPF。结论EBNA2阳性在疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供了新的依据,具有一定的价值;当病变表达EBNA2时,提示患者可能存在免疫缺陷或处于免疫失调状态,对临床诊断及治疗具有一定的指导意义。

儿童EBV传染性单核细胞增多症细胞因子IL-6、γ-IFN、IL-10的改变

目的探讨EB病毒(EBV)感染的传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患儿淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子IL-6、γ-IFN、IL-10的变化及临床意义。方法选择2018年9月至2020年8月苏州大学附属儿童医院感染科收治的EBV感染的IM患儿100例作为病例组。同期在苏州大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科体检的健康儿童60名作为对照组。采用流式细胞术和酶联免疫吸附试验分别检测IM患儿及对照组的外周血淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子(IL-6、IL-10、γ-IFN)水平。结果病例组细胞因子IL-6、IL-10、γ-IFN高于对照组(P<0.05或0.001)。病例组CD3^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)百分比高于对照组,而CD3^(+)CD4^(+)、CD19^(+)CD23^(+)、CD3^(-)CD(16+56)+、CD3^(-)CD19^(+)百分比、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值低于对照组,两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组间异型淋巴细胞百分比、WBC、ALT、AST、LDH差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。病例组IL-6与异型淋巴细胞百分比、WBC、血浆EBV-DNA病毒载量、ALT、LDH无相关性(P>0.05),与AST呈正相关(P<0.05)。病例组IL-10与异型淋巴细胞百分比、WBC、血浆EBV-DNA病毒载量、ALT、AST、LDH均无相关性(P>0.05)。病例组γ-IFN与异型淋巴细胞百分比、WBC、ALT、LDH无相关性(P>0.05),与血浆EBV-DNA病毒载量和AST呈正相关(P<0.05)。病例组IL-6与CD3^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)百分比呈负相关(P<0.05或0.001),与CD3^(+)CD4^(+)、CD3^(-)CD19^(+)百分比、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)呈正相关(P<0.05或0.001),与CD19^(+)CD23^(+)、CD3^(-)CD(16+56)^(+)百分比无相关性(P>0.05)。病例组IL-10与CD19^(+)CD23^(+)、CD3^(-)CD19^(+)百分比呈正相关(P<0.05),与CD3^(+)呈负相关(P<0.05),与CD3^(+)CD4^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)、CD3^(-)CD(16+56)^(+)百分比、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)无相关性(P>0.05)。病例组γ-IFN与CD3^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)百分比呈负相关(P<0.05),与CD19^(+)CD23^(+)、CD3^(+)CD4^(+)、CD3^(-)CD(16+56)^(+)、CD3^(-)CD19^(+)百分比、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)无相关性(P>0.05)。结论EBV感染的传染性单核细胞增多症患儿的免疫改变和炎症反应与疾病的发生、发展有关,IL-6、IL-10、γ-IFN参与传染性单核细胞增多症的免疫发病过程。

EB病毒载量、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞对儿童传染性单核细胞增多症预后不良的诊断价值

目的探究EB病毒(Epstein Barr virus,EBV)DNA载量与CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)预后不良中的诊断价值,为临床决策提供有力支持。方法选取2022年1月至2024年1月常熟市第二人民医院儿科收治的120例IM患儿作为IM组,同时期选取100例EBV感染但未发展为IM的患儿作为非IM组,以及90例健康体检儿童作为对照组。收集三组受试者的临床资料、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及EBV DNA载量等指标。根据治疗14d后EBV DNA转阴情况,将IM组患儿进一步分为预后良好组(93例)和预后不良组(27例),统计分析比较各组间的差异,并通过多因素Logistic回归分析和ROC曲线评估各指标的诊断价值。结果与非IM组相比,IM组患儿治疗前EBV DNA载量较高(P<0.05),CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞水平较低(P<0.05)。治疗14d后,IM组中有77.5%的患儿EBV DNA转阴。与预后良好组相比,预后不良组患儿治疗前的EBV DNA载量较高(P<0.05),CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞水平较低(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析指出,EBV DNA载量、白细胞、淋巴细胞、异常淋巴细胞计数及中性粒细胞计数、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞水平均为IM患儿预后不良的影响因素;ROC曲线分析显示,EBV DNA载量与CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合预测预后的诊断效能优于单一指标。结论EBV DNA载量与CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞水平是预测儿童IM预后的重要指标,且二者联合检测能够显著提高诊断效能。

外周血淋巴细胞亚群与免疫球蛋白检测对传染性单核细胞增多症患儿的临床意义

目的探讨外周血淋巴细胞亚群和血清免疫球蛋白检测对传染性单核细胞增多症(infectiousmononucleosis,IM)患儿的临床意义。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月南通大学附属常州市儿童医院收治的41例EB病毒(epstein-Barr virus,EBV)感染引起的IM患儿作为病例组,并以同期来医院体检的41例健康儿童作为对照组。通过流式细胞术测定外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平、免疫散射比浊法检测血清免疫球蛋白含量、涂片检测其异型淋巴细胞的比例与阳性率,并比较两组异型淋巴细胞比例与阳性率及免疫球蛋白和淋巴细胞亚群含量。结果病例组血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM及IgG含量及外周血CD8^(+)T、CD3^(+)T、淋巴细胞数量、异型淋巴细胞的比例与阳性率均高于对照组,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T比值及B淋巴细胞数量低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组CD4^(+)T和NK细胞数量比较差异无统计学意义。结论IM患儿无论体液免疫还是细胞免疫都有一定程度的功能失衡,因此,检测外周血淋巴细胞亚群以及血清免疫球蛋白含量,并辅以异型淋巴细胞涂片检查,可对及时掌握患儿病情变化并对疾病进行准确诊断提供一定的帮助。

EB病毒IgM、IgG及DNA检测在儿童呼吸道感染性疾病中的诊断研究

目的探析爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EB病毒,EBV)免疫球蛋白(Ig)M、IgG及脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)检测在儿童呼吸道感染性疾病中的诊断价值。方法选取400例呼吸道感染性疾病患儿作为观察组,同时选取100例无呼吸道感染患儿作为对照组。对两组患儿EBV-IgM、EBV-IgG及EBV-DNA进行检测。比较观察组不同年龄段患儿EBV-IgM、EBV-IgG及EBV-DNA阳性率,两组EBV-IgM、EBV-IgG及EBV-DNA检测结果;分析各项指标的诊断价值。结果观察组不同年龄段患儿EBV-IgM、EBV-IgG阳性率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不同年龄段患儿EBV-DNA阳性率比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。EBV-IgM检测中,观察组化学发光值(11.39±2.12)高于对照组的(9.54±1.35),阳性率50.50%(202/400)高于对照组的5.00%(5/100),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);EBV-IgG检测中,观察组吸光度值(11.33±2.15)高于对照组的(9.03±1.06),阳性率58.00%(232/400)高于对照组的12.00%(12/100),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);EBV-DNA检测中,观察组循环数Ct值(34.13±4.88)低于对照组的(43.75±11.62),阳性率57.00%(228/400)高于对照组的6.00%(6/100),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EBV-DNA对呼吸道感染性疾病患儿的诊断价值最高[曲线下面积(AUC)=0.644],其次依次是EBV-IgM(AUC=0.618)、EBV-IgG(AUC=0.584),EBV-IgM对呼吸道感染性疾病患儿的诊断特异度最高,为96.12%。结论EBV-IgM、EBV-IgG、EBV-DNA检测在儿童呼吸道感染性疾病的诊断中具有重要的指导意义。

外周血EBV-DNA及SAA、LDH联合检测对儿童传染性单核细胞增多症的诊断价值

目的探讨外周血EB病毒脱氧核糖核酸(EBV-DNA)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)联合检测对儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)的诊断价值。方法选取2021年7月至2023年2月陕西中医药大学第二附属医院收治的104例IM患儿为研究组,以同期入院体检的103例健康儿童作为健康对照组。采集两组研究对象初诊/体检时的外周血及血清标本。应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测EBV-DNA拷贝数,应用免疫散射比浊法和速率法分别检测SAA和LDH的水平。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各项指标单独和联合检测诊断IM的效能。结果研究组SAA、LDH水平明显高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组外周血EBV-DNA阳性率为70.19%(73/104),明显高于健康对照组的9.71%(10/103),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=78.816,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,3项指标联合诊断的灵敏度为93.65%,特异度为83.33%。结论EBV-DNA、SAA、LDH联合诊断IM的灵敏度与特异度较高,有利于IM的早期诊断。

抗EBV抗体结合VCA-IgG亲和力在儿童EBV感染IM诊断及病情评估中作用

目的研究抗EB病毒(EBV)抗体结合衣壳抗原免疫球蛋白(Ig)G抗体(VCA-IgG)亲和力在儿童EBV感染传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)诊断和病情评估中的作用。方法选取该院于2022年1月至2023年6月收治的EBV感染IM患儿100例作为IM组,另选取同期在该院体检健康、且既往无EB感染史的儿童100例作为NC组。检测并对比两组抗EBV抗体[衣壳抗原IgM(VCA-IgM)、VCA-IgG、EBV核抗原(EBNA)-IgG]、抗VCA-IgG亲和力,以及非特异性免疫(采用补体C3、C4水平进行评价)和特异性免疫[采用T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4+、CD8+)、IgA、IgG、IgM水平进行评价]相关指标水平。分析IM组不同性别、不同年龄段、不同EBV-DNA载量及不同病情严重程度患儿抗EBV抗体检测结果及抗VCA-IgG亲和力情况。使用诊断评价四格表计算抗EBV抗体、抗VCA-IgG亲和力对EBV感染IM患儿的诊断价值及病情评估价值。结果IM组VCA-IgM、VCA-IgG、EBNA-IgG阳性率及抗VCA-IgG低亲和力阳性率均明显高于NC组(P<0.05)。IM组CD4+T淋巴细胞比例低于NC组,CD8+T淋巴细胞比例及IgA、IgG水平高于NC组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别、不同年龄段EBV感染IM患儿的VCA-IgM、VCA-IgG、EBNA-IgG阳性率及抗VCA-IgG低亲和力阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EBV感染IM患儿的VCA-IgM、VCA-IgG、EBNA-IgG阳性率均为高载量组>中载量组>低载量组,且任意两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);虽然EBV感染IM患儿的抗VCA-IgG低亲和力阳性率为EBV-DNA高载量组>中载量组>低载量组,但任意两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重症EBV感染IM患儿VCA-IgM、VCA-IgG、EBNA-IgG阳性率及抗VCA-IgG低亲和力阳性率均高于轻症患儿(P<0.05)。VCA-IgM阳性、VCA-IgG阳性、EBNA-IgG阳性、抗VCA-IgG低亲和力阳性和4项联合检测IM的灵敏度分别为68.00%、41.00%、29.00%、95.00%、91.00%,准确度分别为84.00%、64.00%、63.50%、97.00%、85.50%。VCA-IgM阳性、VCA-IgG阳性、EBNA-IgG阳性、抗VCA-IgG低亲和力阳性和4项联合检测的灵敏度分别为86.36%、61.36%、45.45%、100.00%、90.91%,准确度分别为64.00%、69.00%、67.00%、49.00%、86.00%。结论抗EBV抗体、抗VCA-IgG亲和力与EBV感染IM患儿免疫状态、EBV-DNA载量有关,可作为诊断和评估EBV感染IM患儿病情的重要指标。

儿童EBV和CMV不同模式感染相关单核细胞增多症的临床和实验室检查特征分析

目的探讨儿童感染EB病毒(EBV)或(和)巨细胞病毒(CMV)后所致的传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)的临床特征和实验室指标的差异。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年1月入本院治疗的109例IM患儿资料,根据感染病原体的不同分为EBV感染组(38例)、CMV感染组(25例)、混合感染组(46例)。分析不同感染组IM患儿的一般特点、临床表现和实验室检查结果。结果共计收集109例IM患儿,男61例,女48例,男女比例为1.27∶1,平均年龄为(4.66±2.68)岁,2~6岁儿童发病较多,约占73.4%。IM患儿一年四季均有患病,其中冬春季患病人数相对较多,占总人数的58.7%。患儿临床表现多样,其中以发热(86.2%)、淋巴结肿大(78.0%)、咽峡炎(75.2%)、肝脏肿大(48.6%)、咳嗽(47.7%)最常见。其中CMV感染组淋巴结肿大、咽峡炎的发生率显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。混合感染组WBC计数、LY%、AL%异常率高于其他两组,LDH、ALT、AST结果异常的发生率在混合感染组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论IM儿童CMV和EBV混合感染较为常见,其临床表现更像EBV感染,而实验室检查结果则比单一感染EBV、CMV更为严重,需更加重视。