A comperative clinical study of mucotomy and KTP laser treatment of the inferior turbinate in allergic and non-allergic subjects

Mucotomy is one of the most frequently applied surgical techniques for the management of inferior turbinate hyperplasia. Mucotomy guarantees patent airway, however, it might lead to the emergence of sicca syndrome. In contrast, KTP (potassium titanyl phosphate) laser treatment spares the medial part of the inferior turbinate mucosa, contributing to maintenance of physiological nasal function. A retrospective comparative clinical study was performed to reveal the advantages and side-effects of both surgical methods in medium- and long-term in allergic rhinitis and non-allergic patients. Furthermore, we wished to determine the exact indications of the up-to-date laser treatment. Ninety-one of the 117 patients who underwent bilateral turbinate surgery during an 8-year period (2000-2007) responded to our questionnaire focusing on subjective postoperative changes. Patients were separated into 6 groups, based on the type of operation they underwent, the length of the follow-up and whether they suffered from allergies. The major complaint, nasal obstruction, improved in all 6 groups, which reached significance (p ? 0.05) in 4 groups. The most pronounced improvement was observed in the group of non-allergic patients with medium-term follow-up who underwent mucotomy. Nevertheless, a serious side- effect: crusting also increased significantly (p ? 0.05) in the latter group, while it was absent in allergic patients with medium-term follow-up, who underwent mucotomy. These results lead us to propose the following protocol for the treatment of inferior turbinate hyperplasia: 1) after unsuccessful conservative treatment, laser treatment is suggested for non-allergic patients;2) following unsuccessful conservative and even repeated laser treatment in the allergic group, mucotomy or turbinoplasty should be attempted.

Effectiveness of out-fracture of the inferior turbinate with reduction nasal bone fracture

BACKGROUND The nasal bone,being the most protruding bone in the center of the facial bones,is particularly susceptible to damage.Nasal bone fractures can often result in secondary deformation and dysfunction of the nose,including septal fractures.Studies on functional or intra-nasal complications have been rarely reported after nasal bone fracture reduction.AIM To evaluate the severity of nasal obstruction and its improvement following nasal bone fracture reduction using inferior turbinoplasty.METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of data from 50 patients with symptomatic nasal obstruction between January to December 2010.All patients underwent preoperative Computed tomography evaluation,and symptom changes and nasal cavity volume were analyzed using a visual analog scale and acoustic rhinometry before and after surgery.Closed reduction and out-fracture of both inferior turbinates performed by the same surgeon.Treatment outcomes were assessed by comparing changes in the nasal airway volume measured using acoustic rhinometry before and after surgery.The minimal cross-sectional area(MCA)was also analyzed based on the Stranc classification.RESULTS Before reduction,the mean MCA for all cases was 0.59±0.06 cm^(2),which represented an 11%decrease compared to the average size of a Korean adult(0.65±0.03 cm^(2)).The MCA for frontal impact was 0.60±0.02 cm^(2) and for lateral impact,it was 0.58±0.03 cm^(2).After reduction via inferior turbinoplasty,the MCA improved to 0.64±0.04 cm^(2).CONCLUSION This study suggests that turbinoplasty is helpful in addressing nasal obstruction.Out-fracture of the inferior turbinate is an effective and durable technique that can be easily performed to enlarge the nasal airway with minimal morbidity.

Ash removal from inferior coal via ammonium fluoride roasting and simultaneous yield of white carbon black

The quality upgrading and deashing of inferior coal by chemical method still faces great challenges.The dangers of strong acid,strong alkali,waste water and exhaust gas as well as high cost limit its industrial production.This paper systematically investigates the ash reduction and desilicification of two typical inferior coal utilizing ammonium fluoride roasting method.Under the optimal conditions,for fat coal and gas coal,the deashing rates are 69.02%and 54.13%,and the desilicification rates are 92.64%and 90.27%,respectively.The molar dosage of ammonium fluoride remains consistent for both coals;however,the gas coal,characterized by a lower ash and silica content(less than half that of the fat coal),achieves optimum deashing effect at a reduced time and temperature.The majority of silicon in coal transforms into gaseous ammonium fluorosilicate,subsequently preparing nanoscale amorphous silica with a purity of 99.90%through ammonia precipitation.Most of the fluorine in deashed coal are assigned in inorganic minerals,suggesting the possibility of further fluorine and ash removal via flotation.This research provides a green and facile route to deash inferior coal and produce nano-scale white carbon black simultaneously.

Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Spikelets of Tolerant Rice Genotype Offset Grain Yield Loss under Post-Anthesis High Night Temperatures

Increased nighttime respiratory losses decrease the amount of photoassimilates available for plant growth and yield. We hypothesized that the increased respiratory carbon loss under high night temperatures(HNT) could be compensated for by increased photosynthesis during the day following HNT exposure. Two rice genotypes, Vandana(HNT-sensitive) and Nagina 22(HNT-tolerant), were exposed to HNT(4 ℃ above the control) from flowering to physiological maturity. They were assessed for alterations in the carbon balance of the source(flag leaf) and its subsequent impact on grain filling dynamics and the quality of spatially differentiated sinks(superior and inferior spikelets). Both genotypes exhibited significantly higher night respiration rates. However, only Nagina 22 compensated for the high respiration rates with an increased photosynthetic rate, resulting in a steady production of total dry matter under HNT. Nagina 22 also recorded a higher grain-filling rate, particularly at 5 and 10 d after flowering, with 1.5- and 4.0-fold increases in the translocation of ^(14)C sugars to the superior and inferior spikelets, respectively. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiratory rate on a leaf area basis was negatively correlated with spikelet sterility, resulting in a higher filled spikelet number and grain weight per plant, particularly for inferior grains in Nagina 22. Grain quality parameters such as head rice recovery, high-density grains, and gelatinization temperature were maintained in Nagina 22. An increase in the rheological properties of rice flour starch in Nagina 22 under HNT indicated the stability of starch and its ability to reorganize during the cooling process of product formation. Thus, our study showed that sink adjustments between superior and inferior spikelets favored the growth of inferior spikelets, which helped to offset the reduction in grain weight under HNT in the tolerant genotype Nagina 22.

Wetting alternating with partial drying during grain filling increases lysine biosynthesis in inferior rice grain

Lysine content is a criterion of the nutritional quality of rice.Understanding the process of lysine biosynthesis in early-flowering superior grain(SG)and late-flowering inferior grain(IG)of rice would advance breeding and cultivation to improve nutritional quality.However,little information is available on differences in lysine anabolism between SG and IG and the underlying mechanism,and whether and how irrigation regimes affect lysine anabolism in these grains.A japonica rice cultivar was grown in the field and two irrigation regimes,continuous flooding(CF)and wetting alternating with partial drying(WAPD),were imposed from heading to the mature stage.Lysine content and activities of key enzymes of lysine biosynthesis,and levels of brassinosteroids(BRs)were lower in the IG than in the SG at the early grainfilling stage but higher at middle and late grain-filling stages.WAPD increased activities of these key enzymes,BR levels,and contents of lysine and total amino acids in IG,but not SG relative to CF.Application of 2,4-epibrassinolide to rice panicles in CF during early grain filling reproduced the effects of WAPD,but neither treatment altered the activities of enzymes responsible for lysine catabolism in either SG or IG.WAPD and elevated BR levels during grain filling increased lysine biosynthesis in IG.Improvement in lysine biosynthesis in rice should focus on IG.

Pedicled abdominal flap using deep inferior epigastric artery perforators for forearm reconstruction: A case report

BACKGROUND Pedicled abdominal flaps are a widely used surgical technique for forearm reconstruction in patients with soft tissue defects.However,some drawbacks include restricted flap size,partial flap loss,and donor-site morbidity.To address these concerns,we present a case of a pedicled abdominal flap using the deep inferior epigastric artery perforators(DIEP)for forearm reconstruction in a patient with a large soft tissue defect.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with forearm injury caused by a pressing machine.A 15 cm×10 cm soft tissue defect with complete rupture of the ulnar side structures of the forearm was found.One week after orthopedic management of the neurovascular injury and fractures using the first stage of Masquelet technique,the patient was referred to the plastic and recon-structive surgery department for wound coverage.Surgical debridement and negative-pressure wound therapy revealed a 20 cm×15 cm soft tissue defect.A pedicle abdominal flap with the DIEP was used to cover the defect.Three weeks later,the flap was detached from the abdomen,and the abdominal defect was directly closed.Subsequently,the second stage of Masquelet technique was performed at the fracture site at week 10.Finally,all donor and recipient sites healed without complications,such as flap dehiscence,infection,hematoma,or necrosis.Fracture site osteosynthesis was achieved without complications.CONCLUSION Pedicled abdominal flap using the DIEP provides a reliable option for forearm reconstruction in patients with large soft tissue defects.

Massive inferior wall aneurysm presenting with ventricular tachycardia and refractory cardiomyopathy requiring multiple interventions:A case report

BACKGROUND Inferior wall left ventricular aneurysms are rare,they develop after transmural myocardial infarction(MI)and may be associated with poorer prognosis.We present a unique case of a large aneurysm of the inferior wall complicated by ventricular tachycardia(VT)and requiring surgical resection and mitral valve replacement.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old male was admitted for VT one month after he had a delayed presentation for an inferior ST-segment elevation MI and was discovered to have a large true inferior wall aneurysm on echocardiography and confirmed on coronary computed tomography(CT)angiography.Due to the sustained VT,concern for aneurysm expansion,and persistent heart failure symptoms,the patient was referred for surgical resection of the aneurysm with patch repair,mitral valve replacement,and automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion with significant improvement in functional and clinical status.CONCLUSION Inferior wall aneurysms are rare and require close monitoring to identify electrical or contractile sequelae.Coronary CT angiography can outline anatomic details and guide surgical intervention to ameliorate life-threatening complications and improve performance status.

Two-stage extraction by partial grinding of impacted mandibular third molar in close proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve

BACKGROUND Extraction of impacted third molars often leads to severe complications caused by damage to the inferior alveolar nerve(IAN).AIM To proposes a method for the partial grinding of an impacted mandibular third molar(IMM3)near the IAN to prevent IAN injury during IMM3 extraction.METHODS Between January 1996 and March 2022,25 patients with IMM3 roots near the IAN were enrolled.The first stage of the operation consisted of grinding a major part of the IMM3 crown with a high-speed turbine dental drill to achieve sufficient space between the mandibular second molar and IMM3.After 6 months,when the root tips were observed to be away from the IAN on X-ray examination,the remaining part of the IMM3 was completely removed.RESULTS All IMM3s were extracted easily without symptoms of IAN injury after extraction.CONCLUSION Partial IMM3 grinding may be a good alternative treatment option to avoid IAN injury in high-risk cases.

Left inferior phrenic arterial malformation mimicking gastric varices: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Gastric submucosal arterial dilation resulting from splenic artery occlusion represents an exceedingly rare etiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB).Although endoscopy is a widely utilized diagnostic and therapeutic modality for gastrointestinal bleeding,it has limitations in detecting arterial abnormalities.CASE SUMMARY This report presents a rare case of massive UGIB in a 57-year-old male with a tortuous left inferior phrenic artery accompanied by splenic artery occlusion.“Gastric varices”was identified during the patient's endoscopy one year before hemorrhage.Despite initial hemostasis by endoscopic clipping,the patient experienced massive rebleeding after one month,requiring intervention with transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)to achieve hemostasis.CONCLUSION This is the first case to report UGIB due to a tortuous left inferior phrenic artery.This case highlights the limitations of endoscopy in identifying arterial abnormalities and emphasizes the potential of TAE as a viable alternative for the management of arterial bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Electroacupuncture compound anesthesia in radiofrequency ablation for hypertrophic inferior turbinate:a randomized controlled trial

Objective To explore the feasibility of electroacupuncture compound anesthesia in radiofrequency ablation for hypertrophic inferior turbinate.Methods The patients confirmed to the enrolled criteria were randomly divided into an observation group（n=31） and a control group（n=30）.In the observation group,electroacupuncture was applied to Sìbái（四白 ST 2）,Xiàguān（下关 ST 7）,Hégǔ（合谷 LI 4） and Zhīgōu（支沟 TE 6） on the left side for the anesthesia and the routine local anesthesia was done on the right side.In the control group,the routine local anesthesia was adopted on both sides.The feelings of pain,circulatory index and operation effect were observed and compared between the two groups.Results During radiofrequency ablation,the pain grades of two measurements on the left side and the 2nd measurement on the right in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group（all P〈0.05）.In the observation group,the pain grade on the left side was lower than that on the right side（P〈0.05）,and the systolic blood pressure and the heart rate were lower than those in the control group when undergoing the 2nd radiofrequency ablation on the right side and on the left side,respectively（all P〈0.05）.There was no significant difference in operation effect between the two groups.Conclusion Electroacupuncture compound anesthesia can meet the analgesia requirement of radiofrequency ablation for hypertrophic inferior turbinate,and would be helpful to prevent cyclic fluctuation during the operation at the same time.

Endoscopic nasal surgery for mucocele and pyogenic mucocele of turbinate: Three case reports

BACKGROUND Cases of turbinate mucocele or pyogenic mucocele are extremely rare.During nasal endoscopy,turbinate hypertrophy can be detected in patients with turbinate or pyogenic mucocele.However,in many instances,differentiating between turbinate hypertrophy and turbinate mucocele is difficult.Radiological examinations,such as computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),are essential for the accurate diagnosis of turbinate mucocele.Herein,we report three cases of mucocele or pyogenic mucocele of turbinate,including their clinical presentation,imaging findings,and treatments,to help rhinologists understand this condition better.CASE SUMMARY Three cases of turbinate and pyogenic mucocele were encountered in our hospital.In all patients,nasal obstruction and headache were the most common symptoms,and physical examination revealed hypertrophic turbinates.On CT scan,mucocele appeared as non-enhancing,homogeneous,hypodense,well-defined,rounded,and expansile lesions.Meanwhile,MRI clearly illustrated the cystic nature of the lesion on T2 sequences.Two patients with inferior turbinate mucocele underwent mucocele lining removal,while the patient with pyogenic mucocele underwent endoscopic middle turbinate marsupialization.The patients were followed up on the first,third,sixth month,and 1 year after discharge,and no complaints of headache and nasal congestion were reported during this period.CONCLUSION In conclusion,both CT and MRI are helpful in the diagnosis of turbinate or pyogenic mucocele.Additionally,endoscopic nasal surgery is considered to be the most effective treatment method.

Effect of Weak Noise on the Frequency Tuning of Mouse Inferior Collicular Neurons

In order to study the effect of weak noise on the sound signal extraction of mouse (Mus musculus Km) inferior collicular (IC) neurons from environments,we examined the changes in frequency tuning curves (FTCs) of 32 neurons induced by a weak noise relative to 5 dB below minimum threshold of tone (reMT-5 dB) under free field stimulation conditions.The results were as follows:① There were three types of variations in FTCs,sharpened (34.4%),broadened (18.8%),and unaffected (46.9%),nevertheless,only the alteration of sharpened FTCs was statistically different.② Sharpness of frequency tuning induced by a reMT-5 dB noise was very strong.Q 10 and Q 30 of FTCs were increased by (34.42±17.04)% (P=0.026,n=11) and (46.34±22.88)% (P=0.009,n=7).③ The changes of inverse-slopes (ISs,kHz/dB) between high (IS high) and low (IS low) limbs of FTCs were dissymmetry.The IS high of FTCs decreased markedly (P=0.046,n=7),however,there was little change (P=0.947,n=7) in IS low.Our data revealed for the first time that the weak noise could sharpen frequency tuning and increase the sensitivity on the high frequency of sound signal in IC neurons of mouse.

Nasal septum suture combined with inferior turbinate coblation after septoplasty: Does it improve quality of life and reduce complications?

Objective:Nasal packing is routinely applied after septoplasty.Patients,however,report feeling very uncomfortable while the packing is in place.The aim of this study was to compare the effects of nasal septum suture combined with inferior turbinate coblation to the effects of nasal packing after septoplasty.Methods:In this study,135 patients undergoing septoplasty were divided into 3 groups:group 1 patients had microdebrider with packing,group 2 received coblation with packing and group 3 had coblation with suture.Early postoperative quality of life and complications were compared between the 3 groups.Results:The patients in group 1 experienced the most postoperative nasal pain,headache,dysphagia,sleep disturbance and bleeding on the night of surgery;while the patients in group 3 experienced the fewest symptoms.No difference in epiphora was observed between the 3 groups.More pain and bleeding were experienced when comparing the pack removal (Group 1 and 2) with the clearance of the nasal cavity (Group 3).We noted one case of postoperative bleeding in group 1,one septal hematoma in group 1 and a second septal hematoma in group 2.No such postoperative complications were found in group 3.Conclusion:Nasal septum suture combined with inferior turbinate coblation was not only associated with less pain,increased patient satisfaction and an improved quality of life;but also reduced postoperative complications.Our results confirm that it is a more comfortable,reliable alternative to the more common nasal packing.

Comparison of excyclotorsion following graded inferior oblique recession for primary versus secondary inferior oblique overaction

AIM:To compare the changes in excyclotorsion after inferior oblique(IO)recession in patients with primary and secondary inferior oblique overaction(IOOA).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from patients with IOOA who underwent graded IO recession.The patients were followed up for at least 3 mo after surgery.Fundus photographs were taken preand postoperatively,and the sum of the angles of torsion in both eyes was used to analyze changes in excyclotorsion.Patients were divided into two groups:those diagnosed with primary IOOA were enrolled in the 1’IOOA group,and those diagnosed with secondary IOOA caused by superior oblique palsy(SOP)were enrolled in the 2’IOOA group.Excyclotorsion before and after surgery were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:A total of 78 patients were enrolled in this study:34 eyes in the 1’IOOA group and 44 eyes in the 2’IOOA group.In the 78 patients,torsional angle significantly decreased from 15.31°±7.40°to 12.11°±6.53°after IO recession(P<0.001).Mean preoperative torsional angle was larger in the 2’IOOA group than in the 1’IOOA group(P=0.03).In both groups,excyclotorsion significantly decreased after IO recession(P=0.001 and P<0.001,respectively);however,there was no significant difference in the amounts of changes in excyclotorsion between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Excyclotorsion is significantly larger in secondary IOOA than in primary IOOA,and a significant decrease in the torsional angle occurs after IO recession in both types of IOOA.

Study on Tourism Development in Inferior Tourism Regions of Anhui Province

This study aims to summarize the characteristics of 3 types of inferior tourism regions,so as to contribute to the local tourism development and provide references for the tourism development of other inferior tourism regions.With Anhui Province as an example,this study classifies different types of inferior tourism regions,and figures out the definite counties (cities) to assess their richness of tourism resources and regional development levels by utilizing SPSS and fully analyzing the data after calculating the economic development levels of these counties (cities).For I-class inferior tourism regions,regional cooperation model and brand management model should be adopted to improve their competitiveness,for II-class inferior tourism regions,poverty alleviation model should be adopted and moderate development strategy for III-class inferior tourism regions.

A Comparative Study between Sub Mucous Diathermy with or without Inferior Partial Turbinectomy

Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the effects of submucosal cauterization of the inferior turbinate with or without inferior partial turbinectomy. Materials and methods: In this prospective cohort study, 60 patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were randomized and divided into two groups. The first one was submitted to submucosal cauterization associated with partial turbinectomy, and the second one only submucous cauterization. Five items were assessed to compare both methods: pain, nasal bleeding, scarring, crustation and nasal air way patency. Follow-up was performed on days 1, 14, 30 and 3 months later. Results: In both groups crusting formation was similar. Reactionary hemorrhage was more common in turbinectomy group. Scarring showed better results in the turbinectomy group in the first month postoperative, airway patency showed good results in 80% of the patients with turbinectomy. Conclusion: Submucosal cauterization with inferior partial turbinectomy has yielded better nasal patency when compared to submucosal electrocautery ablation alone.

Effectiveness of modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction

AIM:To investigate the effectiveness of a modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for treatment of V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction.METHODS:Thirteen cases(23 affected eyes)of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique muscle overaction(+or++)who underwent the modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure were retrospectively reviewed.The amount of V-pattern,grade of inferior oblique overaction,degree of vertical strabismus,abnormal head posture,and the fovea-disc angle were evaluated before and after surgery.RESULTS:The V-pattern was corrected in all cases,and the amount of V-pattern reduced by 17.85±5.13 prism diopter(PD)on average(t=16.07,P<0.001).The surgical cure rate for mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction was 87.0%(20/23).The degree of the foveadisc angle has a mean reduction of 5.45°±2.87°(t=3.95,P=0.003)after surgery.The mean vertical deviation in 5 cases with a small-angle hypertropia(5.23±3.06 PD)in the primary position reduced by 3.15±1.86 PD(t=6.10,P<0.001).No serious complications were observed.CONCLUSION:The modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure can effectively treat mild to moderate inferior oblique overaction and relieve the V-pattern,which is safe and easy to perform.

Vascular anatomy of inferior mesenteric artery in laparoscopic radical resection with the preservation of left colic artery for rectal cancer

AIM To investigate the vascular anatomy of inferior mesenteric artery(IMA) in laparoscopic radical resection with the preservation of left colic artery(LCA) for rectal cancer. METHODS A total of 110 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgical resection with preservation of the LCA were retrospectively reviewed. A 3 D vascular reconstruction was performed before each surgical procedure to assess the branches of the IMA. During surgery, the relationship among the IMA, LCA, sigmoid artery(SA) andsuperior rectal artery(SRA) was evaluated, and the length from the origin of the IMA to the point of branching into the LCA or common trunk of LCA and SA was measured. The relationship between inferior mesenteric vein(IMV) and LCA was also evaluated.RESULTS Three vascular types were identified in this study. In type A, LCA arose independently from IMA(46.4%, n = 51); in type B, LCA and SA branched from a common trunk of the IMA(23.6%, n = 26); and in type C, LCA, SA, and SRA branched at the same location(30.0%, n = 33). The difference in the length from the origin of IMA to LCA was not statistically significant among the three types. LCA was located under the IMV in 61 cases and above the IMV in 49 cases. CONCLUSION The vascular anatomy of the IMA and IMV is essential for laparoscopic radical resection with preservation of the LCA for rectal cancer. To recognize different branches of the IMA is necessary for the resection of lymph nodes and dissection of vessels.

Changes in Enzyme Activities Involved in Starch Synthesis and Hormone Concentrations in Superior and Inferior Spikelets and Their Association with Grain Filling of Super Rice

The changes in activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion and concentrations of hormones in superior and inferior spikelets of super rice were investigated and their association with grain filling was analyzed.Four super rice cultivars,Liangyoupeijiu,IIyou 084,Huaidao 9 and Wujing 15,and two high-yielding and elite check cultivars,Shanyou 63 and Yangfujing 8,were used.The activities of sucrose synthase （SuSase）,adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase （AGPase）,starch synthase （StSase） and starch branching enzyme （SBE）,and the concentrations of zeatin ＋ zeatin riboside （Z ＋ ZR）,indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and abscisic acid （ABA） in superior and inferior spikelets were determined during the grain filling period and their relationships with grain filling rate were analyzed.Maximum grain filling rate,the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate,mean grain filling rate and brown rice weight for superior spikelets showed a slight difference between the super and check rice cultivars,but were significantly lower in the super rice than in the check rice for inferior spikelets.Changes of enzyme activities and hormone concentrations in grains exhibited single peak curves during the grain filling period.The peak values and the mean activities of SuSase,AGPase,StSase and SBE were lower in inferior spikelets than in superior ones,as well as the peak values and the mean concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA.However,the peak value and the mean concentration of ABA were significantly higher in inferior spikelets than in superior ones and greater in the super rice than in the check rice.The grain filling rate was positively and significantly correlated with the activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA.The results suggested that the low activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the low concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA might be important physiological reasons for the slow grain filling rate and light grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice.

A caval homograft for Budd-Chiari syndrome due to inferior vena cava obstruction

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the standard treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) non responsive to medical therapy. However, patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction proximal to the atrium do not benefit from TIPS and a surgical approach is mandatory. We report the case of BCS due to intrapericardial IVC obstruction. We describe a novel surgical approach using a fresh caval homograft. An attempt to balloon dilatation of the IVC obstruction was complicated by right atrial disruption with tamponade and ventricular fibrillation. Lately, the patient successfully underwent a reconstruction of the cavo-atrial continuity by the interposition of a fresh caval homograft, a novel surgical approach never described before for BCS. Further follow-up revealed progressive reduction and resolution of ascites, and overall clinical improvement. IVC obstruction near to the atrium can be surgically approached with a new technique consisting in inferior vena cava resection and replacement with a caval homograft.