Polo-like kinase 1 as a biomarker predicts the prognosis and immunotherapy of breast invasive carcinoma patients

Invasive breast carcinoma(BRCA)is associated with poor prognosis and high risk of mortality.Therefore,it is critical to identify novel biomarkers for the prognostic assessment of BRCA.Methods:The expression data of polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)in BRCA and the corresponding clinical information were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases.PLK1 expression was validated in diverse breast cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and western blotting.Single sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)was performed to evaluate immune infiltration in the BRCA microenvironment,and the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were used to screen for the hub infiltrating cells and calculate the immunophenoscore(IPS).The RF algorithm and COX regression model were applied to calculate survival risk scores based on the PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration.Finally,a prognostic nomogram was constructed with the risk score and pathological stage,and its clinical potential was evaluated by plotting calibration charts and DCA curves.The application of the nomogram was further validated in an immunotherapy cohort.Results:PLK1 expression was significantly higher in the tumor samples in TCGA-BRCA cohort.Furthermore,PLK1 expression level,age and stage were identified as independent prognostic factors of BRCA.While the IPS was unaffected by PLK1 expression,the TMB and MATH scores were higher in the PLK1-high group,and the TIDE scores were higher for the PLK1-low patients.We also identified 6 immune cell types with high infiltration,along with 11 immune cell types with low infiltration in the PLK1-high tumors.A risk score was devised using PLK1 expression and hub immune cells,which predicted the prognosis of BRCA patients.In addition,a nomogram was constructed based on the risk score and pathological staging,and showed good predictive performance.Conclusions:PLK1 expression and immune cell infiltration can predict post-immunotherapy prognosis of BRCA patients.

Expression of Presenilin-2 and Glutathione S Transferase π and Their Clinical Significance in Breast Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma

To investigate the expressions of presenilin-2 (PS2) and glutathione Stransferase π (GSTπ) and their roles in prognosis and therapy of breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma. Methods: The paraffin-embedded specimens of 210 patients with breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma were examined by using LSAB immunohistochemistry for the expression of PS2 and GSTπ.Results: The expression rate of PS2 and GSTπ was 49.5% (104/210) and 48.1% (101/210) respectively.The 5-year and 10-year postoperative survival rates in 4 groups, from high to low, were group 1 (PS2positive expression/GSTπ negative expression), group 2 (PS2 positive expression/GSTπ positiveexpression), group 3 (PS2 negative expression/GSTπ negative expression) and group 4 (PS2 negativeexpression/GSTπ positive expression) in turn. Conclusion: The prognosis of the group 1 was thebest, followed by the group 2, group 3 and group 4 in turn. These results suggested that thereasonable use of endocrinotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma is necessary.

Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: Can the evidence guide practice?

The clinical significance of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ(PLCIS) is a subject of controversy. As a consequence, there is a risk of providing inconsistent management to patients presenting with PLCIS. This review aims to establish whether the current guidelines for the management of PLCIS are consistent with current evidence. A systematic electronic search was performed to identify all English language articles regarding PLCIS management. The data was analysed, specifically looking at: incidence of concurrent disease, recurrence rates, long-term prognosis and PLCIS management. A search was also performed for PLCIS management guidelines for the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Germany and pan-European. The results of the evidence analyses were compared to the guidelines in order to establish whether the recommended management is consistent with the published evidence. Nine studies(level 3-4 evidence), involving a total of 176 patients and five management guidelines(from United Kingdom, United States, Australia and pan-European) were included in the review. From the evidence, 46 of 93(49%) patients were found to have PLCIS with concurrent invasive disease on excision specimen analysis. Regarding recurrence rates, 11 of 117(9.4%) patients developed a recurrence of PLCIS. There were no instances of invasive disease or ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) on recurrence histology. There were no studies assessing long-term outcomes in PLCIS cases. With regards to the management guidelines, the Association of Breast Surgery(United Kingdom) and the National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Care(Australia) do not mention PLCIS. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(United States) suggest considering excision of PLCIS with negative margins. The NHS Breast Screening Programme(United Kingdom) and the European Society of Medical Oncology(pan-European) recommend PLCIS should be treated as with DCIS. We conclude that high quality evidence to inform guidance is lacking, thus recommendations are relatively vague. However, based on the available evidence, it would seem prudent to treat PLCIS in a similar manner to DCIS.

Gastrointestinal metastasis secondary to invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast:A case report

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer is rare,and clinicians may not have previously encountered this disease in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast who developed gastrointestinal metastasis two years after modified radical surgery.Mild elevation of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 was observed in the patient at an early stage;however,diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to non-specific clinical manifestations and no identifiable metastasis observed on imaging.CONCLUSION Clinicians should pay attention to gastrointestinal metastasis of breast cancer,especially invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.

Metastatic Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast Presenting with Small Bowel Metastases:Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic type of breast cancer, representing 5% to 15% of invasive tumors. ILC tends to spread to bones, lungs, central nervous system, reproductive organs, and the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The most commonly affected organs in the GI tract are the stomach, small intestine, followed by colon and rectum. Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman who was referred to our institution after having a bowel obstruction that required a diagnostic laparoscopy where they identified an obstructing ulcerative lesion in the distal ileum that was managed with a segmental bowel resection. Pathology report showed an invasive lobular breast carcinoma that occluded 90% of the bowel lumen. A PET/CT scan revealed a left breast tumor with increased metabolism. The patient was staged as a clinical cT4b, cN0, cM1 left breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ER/PgR positive, HER-2 negative). She was managed with endocrine therapy with Letrozole (an eight-week course). A follow-up PET/CT showed a peritoneal hypermetabolic nodule adjacent to the previous ileal anastomosis. The lesion decreased in size and metabolic activity. In a multidisciplinary fashion, the endocrine therapy was extended for another three months. Another follow-up PET/CT scan was performed three months after the identification of the peritoneal implant that showed that the nodule increased in size and in metabolism. The lesion continued to decrease significantly in size and became metabolically inactivity. Due to the good breast response and the possibility that the ileal nodule could be a granuloma, she underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with excision of the peritoneal nodule, and a modified left radical mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (complex wound closure). The final pathology report of the nodule was negative for malignancy. She continued on endocrine therapy and underwent whole breast irradiation four weeks after the operation. Currently, she is free of disease with no evidence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, and she is still on endocrine therapy. Discussion: The time interval between primary breast cancer and gastrointestinal involvement may range from synchronous presentation to as long as 30 years. The clinical manifestations in GI lobular breast cancer metastasis may range from non-specific complaints to acute GI symptoms, such as a bowel obstruction. There are multiple controversies in the management of ILC. Systemic treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy are also controversial, given the propensity for multifocal/multicentric tumors and late recurrences, sometimes in atypical locations. Five years of postoperative adjuvant hormonal therapy is an option for women with poor prognosis. Remissions are observed in 32% to 53% of patients. Conclusion: Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast has a wide range of clinical presentations. Patients with a history of breast cancer who present with new GI tumors should have these lesions evaluated for evidence of metastasis through histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, this will allow for appropriate management. Currently, breast cancer management involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic medical therapy, and the treatment must be tailored to the patient’s needs.

Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance:A case report

BACKGROUND Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS)is rare and easily misdiagnosed.Most patients are first diagnosed with MGUS.We report a rare case of MGUS secondary to infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma.We also review the literature to analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman underwent modified radical mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast and was then treated with radiation and chemotherapy.A decreased platelet count was found on routine blood examination,and MGUS was subsequently diagnosed.This is the first report of the occurrence of MGUS after breast cancer surgery.CONCLUSION Vigilance is required to distinguish this rare comorbidity from breast plasmacytoma.

Clinicopathological Profile of Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir Valley

Introduction: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in women worldwide. There are considerable variations in risk factors and presentation of the disease region wise. The present study aimed to describe clinical and pathological profile of breast cancer patients attending tertiary care hospital. Method: All consenting patients attending to surgical out-patient department (OPD) with complaints pertaining to breast disease were enrolled from 16th June 2015 to 15th June 2016. The patients were followed and demographic, clinical and pathologic information was recorded and analysed. Results: Total Of 180 patients with breast disease were enrolled. 34/100 were diagnosed of malignancy and formed the cases of the present study. Age of the patients ranged from 22 to 60 years with mean age of 42.06 ± 10.7 years. All the patients presented as breast lump variably associated with pain or discharge. Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Not Otherwise Specified (IDC NOS) was common histologic diagnosis (76.47%). Conclusion: Breast carcinoma presents with painless lump and patients are usually diagnosed in our setup at locally advanced stage. Implementation of the simple and effective screening programs for early detection is urgent need in our population.

双能量CT定量参数预测乳腺浸润性导管癌病理分级及乳腺癌分子亚型的研究

目的 探讨双能量CT定量参数对乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)病理分级及分子亚型的预测价值。方法收集2022年1月至2023年6月在本院经病理证实的63例IDC患者的病例资料。患者均行双能量CT胸部双期增强扫描,将双期能量CT图像导入工作站进行后处理,记录病灶和主动脉分别在动脉期及静脉期的碘浓度和归一化有效原子序数;在单能谱程序中获得病灶分别在动静脉期40-70kev不同单能级时的CT值。将病灶分为高、低分化组及4种亚型。对比不同分化程度IDC定量参数的差异及定量参数与乳腺癌病理分化程度之间的相关性。采用ROC曲线评价定量参数对不同分化程度病灶的鉴别诊断效能。结果63例IDC患者中,除静脉期λ值外,高分化组与低分化组的各定量参数值均存在显著差异;动脉期中病灶的IC、 SIC、λ、nZeff值与分化程度之间呈正相关;动脉期λ值的ROC曲线下面积最大(0.954),对应敏感度为83.25%,特异度为69.05%。结论 双能量CT定量参数对IDC病理分级及分子亚型具有一定的预测价值,值得在临床上大力推广。

对比增强能谱乳腺摄影用于非肿块样强化乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨对比增强能谱乳腺摄影(CESM)影像特征对非肿块样强化(NME)乳腺导管癌不同组织学类型与腋窝淋巴结(ALN)转移的诊断价值。方法回顾性纳入完成CESM检查的NME乳腺癌女性病人63例,经病理确诊为导管原位癌(DCIS)或浸润性导管癌(IDC)。根据组织学类型分为DCIS组(32例)和IDC组(31例);根据有无微浸润将32例DCIS病人分为单纯DCIS组(18例)和DCIS伴微浸润(DCIS-MI)组(14例);根据ALN转移情况分为转移阳性组(19例)和转移阴性组(44例)。采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、χ^(2)检验比较各分组的CESM影像特征的差异。将筛选出来有统计学意义的CESM影像特征行多因素Logistic回归分析,确定IDC、DCIS-MI及ALN转移的独立预测因素。绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线,计算并比较ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度。结果DCIS与IDC间在内部强化方式、头足位减影影像相对强化比值(%RSCC)及时间信号强化曲线(TIC)类型存在统计学差异(均P<0.05);单纯DCIS与DCIS-MI的最大截面面积、%RSCC及TIC类型间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);ALN转移阳性组与阴性组间内部强化方式、形态分布特征、%RSCC及TIC类型差异有统计学意义(均P≤0.05)。%RSCC>3.42%和集簇/簇环强化是IDC的独立预测因素(均P<0.05),其AUC值分别为0.732、0.704;%RSCC>2.47%和最大截面面积大于4.37 cm2是DCIS-MI的独立预测因素(均P<0.05),其AUC值分别为0.802、0.764;%RSCC>2.71%和集簇/簇环强化是ALN转移的独立预测因素(均P<0.05),其AUC值分别为0.717、0.786。结论在CESM上测得的%RSCC、最大截面面积、TIC、形态分布特征及内部强化特征对于非肿块型乳腺导管癌组织学类型及ALN转移具有一定的诊断价值,可为临床医生决策及病人预后提供参考依据。

乳腺钼靶联合血清ALP、ANXA2表达水平对乳腺浸润性导管癌的早期诊断价值

目的探讨乳腺钼靶联合血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、膜联蛋白A2(ANXA2)表达水平对乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)的早期诊断价值。方法前瞻性选取2020年6月至2023年9月鄂州市中心医院收治的IDC患者380例为IDC组,选取同期本院收治的乳腺良性疾病患者256例为良性病变组,另选取同期来我院体检的健康女性215名为对照组。收集比较IDC组及良性病变组患者临床资料、乳腺钼靶特征;比较对照组、良性病变组、IDC组血清ALP、ANXA2、癌胚抗原(CEA)和糖类抗原(CA)153水平;采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析IDC发生的影响因素;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估乳腺钼靶联合血清ALP、ANXA2水平诊断IDC的价值。结果IDC组患者肿块边缘模糊、边缘伴毛刺、泥沙样钙化、形态不规则、乳腺结构紊乱的比例分别为35.53%、24.21%、16.05%、23.16%、33.42%,均显著高于良性病变组(13.28%、8.98%、3.91%、7.42%、4.69%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IDC组血清ALP、ANXA2、CEA及CA153水平分别为(91.63±12.39)U/L、(36.45±5.05)ng/mL、6.10(5.25,6.85)ng/mL、35.75(32.02,40.06)U/mL,良性病变组血清ALP、ANXA2、CEA及CA153水平分别为(81.26±11.95)U/L、(28.71±4.91)ng/mL、3.68(3.26,4.23)ng/mL、16.15(13.98,18.33)U/mL,均明显高于对照组[(73.47±11.71)U/L、(18.03±4.76)ng/mL、2.34(1.71,2.97)ng/mL、13.37(11.19,16.35)U/mL],且IDC组血清ALP、ANXA2水平均高于良性病变组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,ALP(OR=1.317)、ANXA2(OR=1.574)、CEA(OR=1.791)、CA153(OR=1.856),均为IDC发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。乳腺钼靶联合血清ALP和ANXA2与病理学诊断IDC的一致性(Kappa值=0.783)高于单独采用乳腺钼靶诊断(Kappa值=0.679)。ROC曲线显示,乳腺钼靶、血清ALP和ANXA2水平诊断IDC的敏感度分别为80.53%、66.58%、65.79%,特异度分别为89.45%、86.33%、85.55%,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.850、0.792、0.802,乳腺钼靶联合血清ALP、ANXA2水平诊断IDC的AUC为0.889,高于单独诊断(P<0.05),血清ALP和ANXA2诊断IDC的最佳截断值分别为86.83 U/L、32.17 ng/mL。结论IDC患者血清ALP和ANXA2水平较高,乳腺钼靶联合血清ALP和ANXA2对IDC具有较高的诊断价值。

多模态超声特征结合机器学习可预测乳腺浸润导管癌中Ki-67的表达水平

目的 探讨多模态超声特征结合机器学习预测乳腺浸润导管癌中Ki-67高表达的可行性。方法 回顾性分析155例乳腺浸润导管癌患者,155个病灶经病理证实。术前行常规超声和声辐射力脉冲成像,免疫组化染色记录Ki-67的表达,将患者分为Ki-67高表达组(n=105)和低表达组(n=50)。采用Logistic回归分析得出独立危险因素,采用随机森林及Logistic回归模型预测。结果 单因素分析显示Ki-67表达与肿块最大径、边界、腋窝淋巴结状态、阻力指数、声触诊组织成像及声触诊组织定量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,最大直径、边界、声触诊组织定量及阻力指数对Ki-67为独立危险因素。随机森林模型结果显示,Ki-67表达影响因素的重要性排序依次是最大直径、声触诊组织定量、阻力指数及边界。随机森林及Logistic回归模型预测乳腺浸润导管癌中Ki-67高表达曲线下面积分别为0.871、0.866,Ki-67值与肿块直径呈正相关关系(r=0.319,P<0.001)。结论 多模态超声特征结合机器学习可用于预测乳腺浸润导管癌Ki-67的表达水平。

术前穿刺活检及术中冰冻病理技术用于乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润诊断的价值

目的:探讨术前穿刺活检及术中冰冻病理技术用于乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润的诊断价值,并分析疾病特征。方法:选取2021年2月—2022年2月龙岩市第二医院62例乳腺导管原位癌患者,所有患者均行术前穿刺活检和术中冰冻病理检查,以术后病理结果为诊断金标准,对比两种方式诊断效能,并比较两种疾病临床特点和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞分布状态。结果:术后病理学研究结果显示,62例患者中,38例为单纯乳腺导管原位癌患者,24例为乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润患者;术前穿刺活检诊断敏感性为91.67%、特异性为84.21%、准确性为87.10%、阳性预测值为78.57%、阴性预测值为94.12%,高于术中冰冻病理的58.33%、55.26%、56.45%、45.16%和54.74%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.111、7.544、14.370、6.904、7.494,P<0.05);乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润病灶直径为(3.21±0.54)cm,可触及肿块概率为95.83%,增殖细胞抗原(ki67)高表达概率为66.67%,高分化概率为70.83%,高于乳腺导管原位癌;孕激素受体阳性率为17.86%,雌激素受体阳性率为29.17%,低于乳腺导管原位癌,差异有统计学意义(t=4.948,χ^(2)=4.439、4.876,P<0.05)。结论:与术中冰冻病理比较,术前穿刺活检乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润准确性高;乳腺导管原位癌伴浸润和乳腺导管原位癌临床特征和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞分布状态各不相同,可为疾病鉴别诊断提供依据。

乳腺浸润性上皮病背景下原位癌9例临床病理特征分析

目的探讨在乳腺浸润性上皮病(IE)背景下原位癌的组织病理学、免疫组织化学染色特征,讨论其诊断与鉴别诊断。方法收集9例IE背景下原位癌,采用自动免疫组织化学仪检测雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)、Ki-67等项目。结果9例均为中老年女性,影像表现为多发性结节;镜下表现为:上皮增生旺盛,形成不规则的上皮巢,缺乏小叶结构特征,形成浸润样形态,可以累及周围脂肪组织及神经被膜;肌上皮均存在,但在硬化性区域,肌上皮减少。结论IE背景下发生原位癌出现缺乏小叶结构的特征时,类似浸润样形态,容易过诊断为浸润性癌。同时,癌灶常较广,建议扩切或乳腺单纯切除,同时要考虑双侧乳腺癌可能性。

老年男性乳腺浸润性小叶癌一例

男性乳腺癌是非常罕见的恶性肿瘤,发病率仅占全部乳腺癌的1%,但据统计由于人口老龄化,男性乳腺癌的发病率正在上升。男性乳腺癌最常见的病理类型是浸润性导管癌,浸润性小叶癌极少见,仅占1%,国内有关老年男性乳腺浸润性小叶癌的相关文献报道罕见。本文报道1例老年男性乳腺浸润性小叶癌患者的发病及诊治经过并结合相关文献进行讨论,以期提高对男性乳腺癌的重视,避免漏诊、误诊,提高患者临床获益。

基于铜死亡相关lncRNA构建乳腺癌预后预测模型

目的构建铜死亡相关长链非编码核糖核酸(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)预后预测模型,并进行效能验证。方法从癌症基因组图谱数据库下载女性乳腺癌患者的转录组数据及临床信息,通过Pearson相关性分析鉴定乳腺癌组织中的铜死亡相关lncRNA。将铜死亡相关lncRNA及临床资料均完整的乳腺癌患者作为整体组,以1:1的比例随机分为训练组和验证组。在训练组中通过单因素Cox回归、Lasso回归筛选与乳腺癌患者预后关系密切的铜死亡相关lncRNA。基于上述选择的lncRNA,采用多因素Cox回归分析构建乳腺癌预后预测模型,再根据AIC值选择最佳乳腺癌预后预测模型(AIC值最小)。依据最佳乳腺癌预后预测模型计算所有患者的风险评分。以训练组患者的中位风险评分作为截断值,将所有患者分为高、低风险组,通过生存曲线、亚组生存分析验证预后预测模型的区分能力,通过ROC及一致性指数曲线验证预后预测模型的准确性,通过单因素和多因素Cox回归验证预后预测模型的独立性。通过对高、低风险组差异表达基因进行GO及KEGG富集分析,对高、低风险组患者进行免疫浸润分析验证预后预测模型的临床实用性。结果乳腺癌预后预测模型由10个铜死亡相关lncRNA(AKT3.IT1、AL137847.1、AL807757.2、AC079766.1、AL451123.1、LINC02043、AL683813.1、AC073127.1、MFF.DT和AC091588.1)构建而成,模型公式为风险评分=(-1.129216501573150×AKT3.IT1表达量)+(-1.16609568525672×AL137847.1表达量)+(0.729804497137164×LINC02043表达量)+(0.745696645441295×AL683813.1表达量)+(-0.903562388041113×AL807757.2表达量)+(1.040608675397110×AC073127.1表达量)+(2.160133554898460×MFF.DT表达量)+(1.417144256517410×AC091588.1表达量)+(-0.764700719748750×AC079766.1表达量)+(-3.608177447126010×AL451123.1表达量)。生存曲线表明高风险组患者的生存率更低(P<0.001);亚组生存分析表明除M1分期外,不同临床阶段的高、低风险组乳腺癌患者的预后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC显示预后预测模型预测乳腺癌患者1年、3年和5年生存率的曲线下面积分别为0.807、0.739和0.709,ROC及一致性指数曲线结果显示风险评分的预测效能优于其他临床特征。单因素和多因素Cox回归分析表明风险评分是乳腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素。高、低风险组之间差异表达的基因富集于免疫和耐药相关通路;与低风险组比较,高风险组患者的免疫细胞和基质细胞评分低,M2巨噬细胞浸润丰度高(P<0.05)。结论基于铜死亡相关lncRNA构建了乳腺癌预后预测模型,其区分能力、准确性、独立性及临床实用性良好。

构建磁共振影像组学模型鉴别诊断乳腺浸润性导管癌及乳腺硬化性腺病价值

目的:探索磁共振MRI影像组学在乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)与乳腺硬化性腺病(SA)鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:收集2020年7月-2022年11月经手术病理证实为IDC42例和SA18例临床资料,分为训练组42例和测试组18例,磁共振仪获取患者乳腺MRI图像,分析MRI影像学特点及其诊断价值。患者均采用乳腺专用7通道线圈行磁共振双侧乳腺平扫及动态增强扫描。使用3D Slicer软件对T2WI、DWI、ADC及T1WI增强第3期及第7期序列图像的感兴趣区进行手动分割,并提取纹理特征、计算影像组学积分和创建影像组学模型,绘制各模型的受试者工作曲线(ROC)和绘制决策分析曲线评估模型的的预测效能和临床应用价值。结果:通过对T2WI、DWI、ADC以及T1WI增强第3期和第7期5个序列两次降维筛选后最终获得38个最优纹理特征(一阶统计特征4个、形态特征9个、GLCM特征13个、GLSZM特征3个、NGTDM特征2个、GLDM特征4个、GLRLM特征3个),采用logistic回归构建5个诊断模型,计算获得了预测IDC和SA病理分型的影像组学积分。ROC分析训练组中5个模型曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.976、0.969、0.964、0.997、0.997,灵敏度分别为0.937、0.900、1.000、0.967、0.967,特异度分别为0.967、1.000、0.917、1.000、1.000;测试组中5个模型AUC分别为0.986、0.944、0.896、0.944、0.972,灵敏度分别为0.917、1.000、1.000、0.833、0.917,特异度分别为1.000、0.833、0.857、1.000、1.000。训练组和测试组校准曲线显示该模型均具有良好的校准度,决策曲线提示所构建的影像组学模型对IDC和SA有良好的鉴别诊断效能。结论:基于5个序列(T2WI、DWI、ADC、T1WI增强第3期及第7期)所构建的影像组学模型对IDC和SA有良好的鉴别诊断效能。

乳腺癌中EZH2和p53蛋白表达及其临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中EZH2和p53蛋白的表达,分析二者表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化Max Vision法检测50例乳腺腺病、92例乳腺浸润性小叶癌(invasive lobular carcinoma,ILC)和200例乳腺浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)组织中EZH2和p53的表达及二者的相关性。结果 EZH2在ILC与IDC中的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.016 7),其在乳腺腺病组织中的表达低于ILC与IDC组织(P<0.016 7)。EZH2表达与患者年龄、绝经状态、组织学类型、p TNM分期等均无关,与肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、分子亚型、生存状态及p53表达有关(P<0.05)。p53蛋白在乳腺腺病和ILC组织中的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.016 7),其在IDC组织中的表达高于ILC与乳腺腺病组织(P<0.0167)。p53表达与患者年龄、绝经状态、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移等无关,与组织学类型、p TNM分期、分子亚型及生存状态相关(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析示:EZH2及p53蛋白表达与乳腺癌患者无病生存率及总生存率具有相关性(P<0.05);COX多因素回归分析显示:EZH2及p53蛋白表达是乳腺癌患者生存的独立影响因素。结论在乳腺腺病、ILC及IDC组织中,EZH2及p53蛋白表达逐渐升高,二者表达呈正相关。EZH2及p53蛋白表达水平对评价乳腺癌患者预后有重要价值。

乳腺浸润性小叶癌中的PCNA和p53蛋白表达及临床意义

目的 :探讨乳腺浸润性小叶癌PCNA、p5 3的表达及意义。 方法 :采用免疫组化S -P法 ,对 5 4例浸润性小叶癌进行检测 ,用有关统计学方法结合随访资料进行分析。结果 :浸润性小叶癌PCNA阳性率为 90 74% (49/5 4) ,PCNA平均指数 5 1 5 0 %± 2 2 49% ,PCNA指数与临床分期、淋巴结转移有密切关系 (P <0 0 1)。随PCNA指数升高 ,浸润性小叶癌患者生存期缩短 (P <0 0 1)。但浸润性小叶癌p5 3阳性率仅为 3 70 % (2 / 5 4)。结论 :1)PCNA可作为反映浸润性小叶癌增殖活性 ,预测预后的重要指标。 2 ) p5 3免疫组化检测不能作为浸润性小叶癌的有用指标 ,需探讨其它的检测方法。 3)进一步显示浸润性小叶癌与来源于导管上皮的乳腺癌的某些生物学特征可能不同。

乳腺浸润性小叶癌的研究进展

乳腺浸润性小叶癌是一种较常见的乳腺癌类型,通常表现出显著的形态学、分子特征、以及独特的临床行为,其发生率也在逐年递增,近年来对小叶癌变异型的认识亦逐步加深同时基于对乳腺癌基因特征的研究,发现除了E-cadherin基因外,其他基因也表现出差异性表达本文综述了乳腺浸润性小叶癌的临床病理学特征以及分子病理学等方面的最新研究进展。

乳腺浸润性小叶癌的临床病理特征

目的探讨乳腺浸润性小叶癌(invasive lobular carcinoma,ILC)的临床病理特征及其预后因素。方法回顾性分析98例ILC和530例乳腺非特殊型浸润性癌患者的临床病理资料,观察ILC的临床病理特征及其预后因素。结果 ILC和非特殊型浸润性癌的中位随访时间分别为68.5、67个月。与非特殊型浸润性癌相比,ILC患者就诊时年龄较大,肿瘤较大,组织学分级多为2级,ER、PR阳性率高,HER-2多为阴性,Ki-67增殖指数较低,分子分型多为管腔A型(P<0.001)。ILC中,经典型ILC肿瘤较小,组织学分级较低,Ki-67增殖指数较低,分子分型中管腔A型较多;非经典型ILC中管腔B型、三阴型和HER-2过表达型较多(P=0.035)。单因素分析显示经典型与非经典型ILC的无病生存率和总生存率差异均有统计学意义(P=0.043,P=0.048);ILC与非特殊型浸润性癌的无病生存率和总生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.537,P=0.397);多因素分析显示,ILC中管腔A型患者的总生存率明显高于三阴型和HER-2过表达型(P=0.016,P=0.015)。结论 ILC的预后和组织学分型与分子分型有关,应为预后较差的患者探寻新的治疗策略。