The high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),which belongs to the subfamily of HMG-1/-2,is a highly conserved single peptide chain consisting of 215 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of approximately 24894 Da.HMGB1 ...The high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),which belongs to the subfamily of HMG-1/-2,is a highly conserved single peptide chain consisting of 215 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of approximately 24894 Da.HMGB1 is a ubiquitous nuclear protein in mammals and plays a vital role in inflammatory diseases.Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain with a poor prognosis.Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas(duration of less than six months),for which the severe form is called severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).More and more studies have shown that HMGB1 has a bidirectional effect in the pathogenesis of SAP.Extracellular HMGB1 can aggravate the pancreatic inflammatory process,whereas intracellular HMGB1 has a protective effect against pancreatitis.The mechanism of HMGB1 is multiple,mainly through the nuclear factor-κB pathway.Receptors for advanced glycation endproducts and toll-like receptors(TLR),especially TLR-2 and TLR-4,are two major types of receptors mediating the inflammatory process triggered by HMGB1 and may be also the main mediators in the pathogenesis of SAP.HMGB1 inhibitors,such as ethyl pyruvate,pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans,can decrease the level of extracellular HMGB1 and are the promising targets in the treatment of SAP.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium(Mg) deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, es...Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium(Mg) deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with poorly controlled glycemic profiles. Insulinand glucose are important regulators of Mg metabolism. Intracellular Mg plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose-uptake and vascular tone. Reduced intracellular Mg concentrations result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity, postreceptorial impairment in insulin action and worsening of insulin resistance in diabetic patients. A low Mg intake and an increased Mg urinary loss appear the most important mechanisms that may favor Mg depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Low dietary Mg intake has been related to the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Benefits of Mg supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients have been found in most, but not all clinical studies and larger prospective studies are needed to support the potential role of dietary Mg supplementation as a possible public health strategy in diabetes risk. The aim of this review is to revise current evidence on the mechanisms of Mg deficiency in diabetes and on the possible role of Mg supplementation in the prevention and management of the disease.展开更多
This paper briefly discusses existing problems with the theory of general relativity despite remarkable accuracy in most of its applications. The primary focus is on existing problems in the field of cosmology, partic...This paper briefly discusses existing problems with the theory of general relativity despite remarkable accuracy in most of its applications. The primary focus is on existing problems in the field of cosmology, particularly those pertaining to expectations of global cosmic space-time curvature in the absence of observational proof. The discussion centers on Krogdahl’s recent Lorentz-invariant flat space-time cosmology and its superiority to general relativity with respect to accounting for global cosmic space-time flatness and dark energy observations. The “cosmological constant problem” is briefly addressed as a problem for general relativity with respect to particle physics and quantum field theory. Finally, two very specific validation predictions in favor of Krogdahl’s flat space-time cosmology are made with respect to ongoing studies, including the dark energy survey (DES).展开更多
[目的]观察疏肝利胆汤治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将120例住院及门诊患者按抛硬币法简单随机分为两组。对照组60例10m L 50%硫磺镁,1次/d,口服;头抱挫林钠+250m L 4%生理盐水,1次/d,静滴;甲硝唑,200m L/次,1次/d,...[目的]观察疏肝利胆汤治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将120例住院及门诊患者按抛硬币法简单随机分为两组。对照组60例10m L 50%硫磺镁,1次/d,口服;头抱挫林钠+250m L 4%生理盐水,1次/d,静滴;甲硝唑,200m L/次,1次/d,静滴。治疗组60例疏肝利胆汤(柴胡、枳壳、赤芍、木香、黄芪、鸡内金、郁金、川厚朴、山楂各10g,生甘草8g,黄连6g,熟大黄8g;胁痛严重加元胡10g;蛔虫加使君子10g,川谏子、槟榔各6g;胁痛、肠鸣腹泻减枳实,加白术、获菩各10g;恶心、呕吐加竹茹10g;苔厚腻夹湿加苍术6g、陈皮、获菩各10g),1剂/d,水煎200m L,早晚温服。连续治疗15d为1疗程。观测临床症状、不良反应。连续治疗3疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈50例,有效9例,无效1例,总有效率98.33%。对照组痊愈40例,有效10例,无效10例,总有效率83.33%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]疏肝利胆汤治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。展开更多
文摘目的分析草酸艾司西酞普兰联合理情行为疗法(rational emotive behavior therapy,REBT)治疗卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression,PSD)患者的可行性。方法选取PSD患者64例,用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组32例。2组均给予基础治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗,观察组给予草酸艾司西酞普兰联合REBT治疗,2组均治疗8周。比较2组的疗效,治疗前、治疗8周后睡眠质量及情绪状态、神经功能、生活质量及神经因子和炎症因子的水平。结果治疗8周后,观察组的总有效率(87.50%)高于对照组(62.50%),P<0.05。治疗8周后,2组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)、美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表(national institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评分,血清中枢神经特异蛋白(central nervous system specific protein,S100β)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)均降低,且观察组更低(P<0.05);2组Barthel指数(Barthel index,BI)、脑卒中专用生活质量量表(stroke quality of life scale,SS-QOL)得分均升高,且观察组更高(P<0.05)。结论草酸艾司西酞普兰联合REBT治疗PSD的效果较好,可改善患者的睡眠质量及情绪状态,促进神经功能恢复,改善生活质量,可能与其调节机体神经因子及炎症因子的表达有关。
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China,No.81170438grant from Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science,No.BL2012006
文摘The high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),which belongs to the subfamily of HMG-1/-2,is a highly conserved single peptide chain consisting of 215 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of approximately 24894 Da.HMGB1 is a ubiquitous nuclear protein in mammals and plays a vital role in inflammatory diseases.Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain with a poor prognosis.Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas(duration of less than six months),for which the severe form is called severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).More and more studies have shown that HMGB1 has a bidirectional effect in the pathogenesis of SAP.Extracellular HMGB1 can aggravate the pancreatic inflammatory process,whereas intracellular HMGB1 has a protective effect against pancreatitis.The mechanism of HMGB1 is multiple,mainly through the nuclear factor-κB pathway.Receptors for advanced glycation endproducts and toll-like receptors(TLR),especially TLR-2 and TLR-4,are two major types of receptors mediating the inflammatory process triggered by HMGB1 and may be also the main mediators in the pathogenesis of SAP.HMGB1 inhibitors,such as ethyl pyruvate,pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans,can decrease the level of extracellular HMGB1 and are the promising targets in the treatment of SAP.
文摘Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium(Mg) deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with poorly controlled glycemic profiles. Insulinand glucose are important regulators of Mg metabolism. Intracellular Mg plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose-uptake and vascular tone. Reduced intracellular Mg concentrations result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity, postreceptorial impairment in insulin action and worsening of insulin resistance in diabetic patients. A low Mg intake and an increased Mg urinary loss appear the most important mechanisms that may favor Mg depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Low dietary Mg intake has been related to the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Benefits of Mg supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients have been found in most, but not all clinical studies and larger prospective studies are needed to support the potential role of dietary Mg supplementation as a possible public health strategy in diabetes risk. The aim of this review is to revise current evidence on the mechanisms of Mg deficiency in diabetes and on the possible role of Mg supplementation in the prevention and management of the disease.
文摘This paper briefly discusses existing problems with the theory of general relativity despite remarkable accuracy in most of its applications. The primary focus is on existing problems in the field of cosmology, particularly those pertaining to expectations of global cosmic space-time curvature in the absence of observational proof. The discussion centers on Krogdahl’s recent Lorentz-invariant flat space-time cosmology and its superiority to general relativity with respect to accounting for global cosmic space-time flatness and dark energy observations. The “cosmological constant problem” is briefly addressed as a problem for general relativity with respect to particle physics and quantum field theory. Finally, two very specific validation predictions in favor of Krogdahl’s flat space-time cosmology are made with respect to ongoing studies, including the dark energy survey (DES).
文摘[目的]观察疏肝利胆汤治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将120例住院及门诊患者按抛硬币法简单随机分为两组。对照组60例10m L 50%硫磺镁,1次/d,口服;头抱挫林钠+250m L 4%生理盐水,1次/d,静滴;甲硝唑,200m L/次,1次/d,静滴。治疗组60例疏肝利胆汤(柴胡、枳壳、赤芍、木香、黄芪、鸡内金、郁金、川厚朴、山楂各10g,生甘草8g,黄连6g,熟大黄8g;胁痛严重加元胡10g;蛔虫加使君子10g,川谏子、槟榔各6g;胁痛、肠鸣腹泻减枳实,加白术、获菩各10g;恶心、呕吐加竹茹10g;苔厚腻夹湿加苍术6g、陈皮、获菩各10g),1剂/d,水煎200m L,早晚温服。连续治疗15d为1疗程。观测临床症状、不良反应。连续治疗3疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈50例,有效9例,无效1例,总有效率98.33%。对照组痊愈40例,有效10例,无效10例,总有效率83.33%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]疏肝利胆汤治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。
