Can Fig and Olive Ameliorate the toxicity Induced by 2-nitropropane in some organs of mice? role of inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory genes

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Fig fruit powder and olive on hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced by 2-nitropropane(2-NP)in mice,especially if they were used in combination.METHODS:A total of 40 adult BALB/c male mice weighting 25-30 g/each.Mice were categorized into five groups(8 each).Group 1 as negative control.Group 2 as positive control group intraperitoneally injected with 2-NP(100 mg/kg b.w.)3 times/weekly for eight weeks.Group 3 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with Fig(300 mg/kg).Group 4 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with olive(100 mg/kg).Group 5 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with mixture of Fig and olive(3∶1 respectively).RESULTS:Histopathological observation of liver in mice treated with 2-NP showed cellular degeneration,pyknosis,and congestion of the portal vein.In kidney there were disorganization of the cortical tissues,cellular necrosis and plenty of inflammatory lymphocytic aggregation.Significant elevations in liver function parameters(alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase),m RNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and cyclooxygenase were detected as anti-inflammatory markers and 5-lipoxygenase,interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 as inflammatory biomarkers for liver and spleen,also significant elevations was detected in lipid peroxidation levels.The levels of antioxidants,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase,catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:our findings indicated that Fig fruit powder and olive protected against hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced with 2-NP in mice,especially if they were used in combination.

Analysis of TLR4 and TLR2 polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease in a Guangxi Zhuang population

AIM: To study the polymorphisms of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and TLR2 gene Arg753Gln, Arg677Trp and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Zhuang population from Guangxi, China. METHODS: A case-control study was performed from February 2007 to October 2011 which included 146 Zhuang patients with IBD in the experimental group and 164 healthy Zhuang subjects who acted as the control group. All patients and healthy subjects were from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Genomic DNA was extracted from intestinal tissue by the phenol chloroform method. TLR4 gene Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and TLR2 gene Arg753Gln, Arg677Trp were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: The TLR4 gene Asp299Gly was digested using Nco Ⅰ restriction enzyme, and a single band of 249 bp was observed which showed that it was a wild type (AA). The TLR4 gene Thr399Ile was digested using Hinf Ⅰrestriction enzyme and only the wild type (CC) was detected. In addition, the TLR2 gene Arg-677Trp was digested using Aci Ⅰ restriction enzyme and only the wild type (CC) was detected. The TLR2 gene Arg753Gln was digested using Pst Ⅰ restriction enzyme. Only the wild type (GG) as a single band of 254 bp was observed during RFLP. Overall, no heterozygous or homozygous single nucleotide polymorphism mutations were found in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis both in the TLR4 gene Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and the TLR2 gene Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln in the Zhuang population from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. CONCLUSION: The TLR4 gene Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and TLR2 gene Arg753Gln, Arg677Trp polymorphisms may not be associated with IBD in the Zhuang population from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.

Development and validation of novel inflammatory response-related gene signature for sepsis prognosis

Due to the low specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers in sepsis diagnostics,the prognosis of sepsis patient outcomes still relies on the assessment of clinical symptoms.Inflammatory response is crucial to sepsis onset and progression;however,the significance of inflammatory response-related genes(IRRGs)in sepsis prognosis is uncertain.This study developed an IRRG-based signature for sepsis prognosis and immunological function.The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database was retrieved for two sepsis microarray datasets,GSE64457 and GSE69528,followed by gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)comparing sepsis and healthy samples.A predictive signature for IRRGs was created using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO).To confirm the efficacy and reliability of the new prognostic signature,Cox regression,Kaplan-Meier(K-M)survival,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses were performed.Subsequently,we employed the GSE95233 dataset to independently validate the prognostic signature.A single-sample GSEA(ssGSEA)was conducted to quantify the immune cell enrichment score and immune-related pathway activity.We found that more gene sets were enriched in the inflammatory response in sepsis patient samples than in healthy patient samples,as determined by GSEA.The signature of nine IRRGs permitted the patients to be classified into two risk categories.Patients in the low-risk group showed significantly better 28-d survival than those in the high-risk group.ROC curve analysis corroborated the predictive capacity of the signature,with the area under the curve(AUC)for 28-d survival reaching 0.866.Meanwhile,the ss GSEA showed that the two risk groups had different immune states.The validation set and external dataset showed that the signature was clinically predictive.In conclusion,a signature consisting of nine IRRGs can be utilized to predict prognosis and influence the immunological status of sepsis patients.Thus,intervention based on these IRRGs may become a therapeutic option in the future.