Flow Characteristics of Double-Cruciform Parachute at Inflating and Inflated Conditions

The fluid-structure interaction (FSI) between the canopy and flow field on the inflating and inflated conditions is investigated based on the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) method,in both a single-and double-cruciform parachute systems.The projection area of canopy is calculated in the inflation process.The flow field characteristics and the interaction between canopies are analyzed.Results showed that,with free stream velocity of 50m/s,overinflation phenomenon would not occur during the inflation process of the double-cruciform-parachute system,because the collision and extrusion of the two canopies during inflation obstructed the oscillation of the inner gores.Concurrently,compared with the single-cruciform parachute,the vortex motion in the wake of double-cruciform-parachute is more intense.Thus the double-cruciform parachute system oscillated at a velocity of 50 m/s with an angle of less than 6.8°.By comparison,the oscillation angle of the single-cruciform parachute was within 3.5° at the velocity of 50m/s.The results are consistent with those of the wind tunnel test.

A Computational Framework for Parachute Inflation Based on Immersed Boundary/Finite Element Approach

A computational framework for parachute inflation is developed based on the immersed boundary/finite element approach within the open-source IBAMR library.The fluid motion is solved by Peskin's diffuse-interface immersed boundary(IB)method,which is attractive for simulating moving-boundary flows with large deformations.The adaptive mesh refinement technique is employed to reduce the computational cost while retain the desired resolution.The dynamic response of the parachute is solved with the finite element approach.The canopy and cables of the parachute system are modeled with the hyperelastic material.A tether force is introduced to impose rigidity constraints for the parachute system.The accuracy and reliability of the present framework is validated by simulating inflation of a constrained square plate.Application of the present framework on several canonical cases further demonstrates its versatility for simulation of parachute inflation.

Supermassive Primordial Black Holes for Nano-Hertz Gravitational Waves and High-redshift JWST Galaxies

Recently,observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating,prompting the question:Can primordial black holes(PBHs)be supermassive,particularly with masses M■10^(9)M_(⊙)?A supercritical bubble,containing an inflating baby universe,that nucleated during inflation can evolve into a PBH in our observable universe.We find that when the inflaton slowly transitions past a neighboring vacuum,the nucleation rate of supercritical bubbles inevitably peaks,leading to a mass distribution of multiverse PBHs with a peak mass up to M■10^(11)M_(⊙).Thus,our mechanism naturally provides a primordial origin for supermassive black holes.

On a Cosmological Model with Variable Time Flow

The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations and it describes a homogeneous, isotropic and expanding universe. The FLRW metric and the Friedmann equations form the basis of the ΛCDM model. In this article, a metric which is based on the FLRW metric and that includes a space scale factor and a newly introduced time scale factor T(t)is elaborated. The assumption is that the expansion or contraction of the dimensions of space and time in a homogeneous and isotropic universe depend on the energy density. The Christoffel symbols, Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar are derived. By evaluating the results using Einstein’s field equations and the energy momentum tensor, a hypothetical modified cosmological model is obtained. This theoretical model provides for a cosmic inflation, the accelerated expansion of spacetime as well avoids the flatness and fine-tuning problems.

Unraveling the Quantum Web: The Vortex Theory of Mass and Matter Formation

Mass plays a role in many physical phenomena, including the behavior of subatomic particles, the formation and behavior of stars and galaxies, and gravitational interactions between objects. The density of vacuum, 9.5 × 10−27 kg/m3, is a crucial parameter in the theory of cosmic inflation and is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe in its early stages. This vacuum energy interacts with matter and manifests itself as mass, which can be described as flow and vortex formation using the laws of hydrodynamics. The vortex model of elementary particles, in conjunction with the laws of hydrodynamics, provides an elegant explanation for the origin of mass and the relationship between mass and energy, with profound implications for the behavior of objects at high velocities and strong gravitational fields. The vacuum behaves as a compressible superfluid, thus elementary particles can be described as vortices of the vacuum. The equations of hydrodynamics for vortices can be applied to describe the nature and value of the mass of particles. The implications of understanding the nature of mass are vast and profound. From elucidating the fundamental properties of particles to informing the design of advanced materials and technologies, this knowledge is indispensable. It drives advancements across numerous fields, transforming both our theoretical understanding and practical capabilities. Continued research into the nature of mass promises to unlock further insights, fostering innovation and expanding the frontiers of science and technology.

How Relic Black Holes, in the Early Universe in Terms of a Quantum Number n as Specified Are Linked to Torsion, Cosmological Constant and Also Adding Quantum Hair to Quantum Black Holes

Our idea is to state that a particular set of values and reformulation of initial conditions for relic black holes, as stated in this manuscript, will enable using the idea of Torsion to formulate a cosmological constant and resultant Dark Energy. Relic Planck sized black holes will allow for a spin density term which presents an opportunity to modify a brilliant argument given as to cancelling Torsion as given by de Sabbata and Sirvaram, Erice 1990. Meantime speculation given by Corda replaces traditional firewalls in relic Black holes with a different formulation are included with a quantum number, n. In addition and most important, we have that there may be a solution to showing the incompleteness of the black holes have no hair theorem, for reasons which require quantum number, n, and also BEC representation of Black holes in primordial conditions.

How Torsion as Presented by De Sabbata and Sivaram in Erice 1990 Argument as Modified May Permit Cosmological Constant, and Baseline as to Dark Energy

Based on the idea of cyclic conformal cosmology, we discuss how torsion may allow for a cosmological constant, which links the ideas given by Beckwith and QaZi 2023 to a presentation as far as Torsion as given by de Sabbata and Sir-varam, Erice 1990. The 1990 article claims that Torsion cancels Cosmological vacuum energy whereas our formulation leads to a left over cosmological constant 10-121 times vacuum energy. Meantime speculation as to how all this relates to black hole physics and speculation given by Corda which replaces traditional firewalls with a different formulation are included as that presentation by Corda uses the idea of a quantum number n, which ties into our own Cosmological constant presentation.

The Turkish Economy in the Period between 1990 and 2000 in the Light of the Open Economy Policies of the 1980s Developments

The structure of the economy seems to have been reshaped for the post-1980 period with the decisions of January 24,1980 and the structural changes that followed.In the 1980s,which can be called the transition process to a Free-Market Economy and an open economy,on the one hand,the privatization of state institutions and the determination of the prices of goods and services in free market conditions were tried to be ensured in order to withdraw the state from economic life,on the other hand,it was tried to grant freedom to foreign trade and capital movements.While these two main issues were being realized,the import substitution industrialization strategy was abandoned and the export-led growth model was started to be implemented.The last step of this process of opening up and liberalization was realized with the decision numbered 32 in 1989.While the change in the economic structure was achieved through domestic borrowing in the 1980s,with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,it was seen that economic growth and development were tried to be achieved with hot money inflows rather than foreign direct investments.This orientation made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time there was a crisis in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot money.The 1994 economic crisis could only be overcome by giving government guarantees to bank deposits and issuing high-interest Treasury Bills.Even the new banking regulations could not prevent the emergence of similar new economic crises in the following years.Because,we can say that the economic crisis experienced in the 2000s brought about a political transformation along with creating great economic problems.

Discussion on the Implications of Expansion in Postgraduate Education

This paper explores the development of postgraduate education in China,including the overall situation of postgraduate education,the trend in enrollment expansion in professional degrees as well as in various academic fields;it also triggers the impact and discussion about the postgraduate enrollment expansion,such as over-education and credential inflation,as well as the concerns about the quality of education and talent cultivation and so forth.Although the expansion brings various problems,the challenges may also become new opportunities for higher education reform,this paper also provides some suggestions on the expansion of postgraduate education.

用于人体行为识别的Inflated VGGNet-16网络

针对目前人体行为识别算法中C3D网络结构较浅、特征提取能力差,以及无可用预训练模型、训练耗时长等问题,以更深的VGGNet-16网络为基础,通过添加批归一化层(batch normalization layer)以及使用Inflating方法将ImageNet预训练模型用于网络初始化,设计了一种新型的人体行为识别3D网络。通过在标准数据集UCF101与HMDB-51上的实验分析,将图片进行中心剪切后作为所设计网络的输入,从零训练时在UCF101数据集上比原始C3D网络的精度提高了9.2%,并且网络收敛速度更快,验证了所设计的Inflated VGGNet-16网络具有更强的特征提取与泛化能力。最后,将所设计网络加上10倍数据增强,在两个标准数据集上准确率分别达到了89.6%与61.7%,相比于较浅的C3D网络在UCF101数据集上提升了7.3%,超过了传统的改进密集轨迹法(iDT)以及经典的双流卷积神经网络(two-stream),具有较高的行为识别准确率。

“通货紧缩”还是“物价收缩”,“通货膨胀”还是“物价膨胀”

中国将inflation翻译成通货膨胀是错误的,inflation所要表达的意思是"物价膨胀",物价全面持续过度上升这一客观现象用汉语来表达最恰当的词语也是"物价膨胀",而货币过度增加应称"货币膨胀"或"货币过多"。中国将deflation翻译成通货紧缩也是错误的,deflation所要表达的意思是"物价收缩",物价全面持续明显下降现象用一个概念概括最贴近的汉语词语是"物价收缩",而货币不敷需要直接称为"货币不足"更清晰。政策性减少货币供应量像是"通货紧缩",但直接称为"量化紧缩货币政策"更明确。把物价与"通货"、经济增长放在一个概念里会把理论搞乱。

Toxic Effects of Cd^(2+),Pb^(2+) and Hg^(2+) on Colpoda inflata

The toxic effects of heavy metal ions, Hg2＋, Pb2＋ and Cd2＋ on Colpoda inflata were studied, finding that the growth of C. inflata had been inhibited signifi- cantly under different concentrations of heavy metal ions. The acute toxicities of Cd2＋, Pb2＋ and Hg2＋ to C. inflata went in the order of Hg2＋, Pb2＋, Cd2＋. The results of joint toxicity showed that the types and magnitudes of joint actions were different at different solution compositions. The joint toxicity of Cd2＋ and Pb2＋ at the concentration proportion of 1：1 and toxic proportion of 1：1 were all antagonism. At the concentration proportion of 1：1, the joint toxicity of Pb2＋ and Hg2＋ was synergistic, and it changed from antagonism to synergistic at the toxic proportion of 1：1. The joint toxicily of Hg2. and Cd2＋ at the concentration proportion of 1：1 was synergistic, and it was antagonist at toxic proportion of 1：1. At the concentration proportion of 1：1：1, the joint toxicity of Cd2＋, Pb2. and Hg2＋ was synergistic, and it changed from antago- nism to synergistic under toxicity proportion of 1：1：1.

也谈“通货膨胀”的涵义和译法

一、问题的提出读了笔者的同事白暴力教授在2013年第2期《学术评论》上发表的文章"通货膨胀是一个过时了近百年的词汇"以后,引起了笔者的兴趣,也想发表对这个问题的看法。白暴力教授指出,在现代西方经济学中,"inflation"是指价格总水平的上涨,但是我国经济学界仍然将它翻译为通货膨胀。

经济学中Inflation词义的变化及其翻译

在相关的经济学文献中,英文单词"inflation"常常被翻译为"通货膨胀"一词。虽然有一定的合理性,但是,实际上也是不准确的;当前,"inflation"一词已经发生了词义转移,摆脱了与货币发行量的关系,再将其翻译为"通货膨胀",就会影响经济理论的研究。文章将说明经济学中英文单词"inflation"词义的变化与当前合适的译法。

10维Einstein—Maxwell量子宇宙

本文利用推广的Hartle-Hawking提案.研究了时空拓朴为R^1×S^3×S^2×S^2×S^2的10维Einstein-Maxwell量子宇宙.我们计算了微超空间中的波函数,发现有一类波函数的经典极限对应于一个具有inflation行为的可观测宇宙.

Android编程中的inflate方法探究

在Android应用开发中,经常会遇到将xml布局文件转换为View对象的需求,解决方法是使用View控件中的inflate方法或使用LayoutInflater类的inflate方法进行转换,inflate方法的作用是将解析生成的XML布局文件创建生成一个View对象,将该View对象动态加载至指定的布局。该论文介绍了LayoutInflater类常见的使用场景和inflate方法的四种重载形式,绘制了inflate方法的调用链,通过具体实例详细介绍了inflate方法各个参数的作用,并验证了inflate方法四种重载形式中最常用的方式。

供给侧改革与通货膨胀防控

防控通货膨胀是政府宏观调控的重要目标,也是政府履行价格规制职能的关键内容。本文着重从经济学理论以及公共政策角度分析我国现行供给侧改革与通货膨胀防控之间的关系。一、供给侧政策是抑制通货膨胀的有效手段为便于把握公共政策。

A New Congestion-Driven Placement Algorithm Based on Cell Inflation

A new congestion driven placement Algorithm is described based on the cell inflation. In this approach, the methods of probability estimation and star model are used to evaluate the routing of nets. Global placement can be done by using the algorithm of global optimization and slicing partitioning. The denotation of virtual area of cell is given to indicate not only the area of cell but also the routing demand.The virtual area of a cell is got by using the strategy of cell inflation, with which in the slicing partitioning, the routing congestion is eliminated. Further reduction in congestion is achieved by cell moving. The algorithm has been tested on a set of sample circuits from American companies, with great improvement in routablity having been obtained.

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF MARKOVIAN SWITCHING SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO PORTFOLIO DECISIONS UNDER INFLATION

This article is concerned with a class of control systems with Markovian switching, in which an It5 formula for Markov-modulated processes is derived. Moreover, an optimal control law satisfying the generalized Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman （HJB） equation with Markovian switching is characterized. Then, through the generalized HJB equation, we study an optimal consumption and portfolio problem with the financial markets of Markovian switching and inflation. Thus, we deduce the optimal policies and show that a modified Mutual Fund Theorem consisting of three funds holds. Finally, for the CRRA utility function, we explicitly give the optimal consumption and portfolio policies. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the obtained results.

Fingered Intrusion of Shallow Saucer-shaped Igneous Sills: Insights from the Jiaojiang Sag, East China Sea

An extensive suite of igneous sills was intruded into the Tertiary sedimentary section of the Jiaojiang sag, East China Sea. This suite has been well imaged offshore through 2D and 3D seismic surveys, showing a close relationship with CO2 content in nearby gas discoveries. A new observational model, which incorporates simple upward propagation, simple horizontal propagation, and transgressive propagation, was proposed to interpret these sill intrusions. In this model, the source magma of the saucer-shaped sills was injected from their lowest points near the center. The transgressive propagation can be interpreted as a combination of the vertical and horizontal propagation. Most shallow sub-volcanic intrusions in the Jiaojiang sag exhibit fingered characteristics, both vertically and horizontally. The vertical fingered propagation produced saucer-shaped sills arranged in the flower style. Along the brims of lower sills could usually be found the upper sills, which are interpreted to have formed simultaneously with or later than the lower feeder sills. In the second type, the chilled paths of the older sills were reutilized by subsequent intrusions. The horizontal fingered propagation formed sheet intrusions that exhibit groove, lobate, tubular, and crevasse splay- like geometry in plan view. In 3D view, the sheet intrusions have still preserved the lower center and higher rim that similar with the sub-rounded saucer-shaped sills. Although fracture propagation may be important, flow inflation was the key mechanism of magma intrusion. Further consideration of the mechanisms underlying sill formation may help explain the fingered characteristics of sill propagation.