An Exact Scalar Field Inflationary Cosmological Model Which Solves Cosmological Constant Problem, Dark Matter Problem and Other Problems of Inflationary Cosmology

An exact scalar field cosmological model is constructed from the exact solution of the field equations. The solutions are exact and no approximation like slow roll is used. The model gives inflation, solves horizon and flatness problems. The model also gives a satisfactory estimate of present vacuum energy density as well as vacuum energy density at Planck epoch and solves cosmological constant problem of 120 orders of magnitude discrepancy of vacuum energy density. Further, this model predicts existence of dark matter/energy and gives an extremely accurate estimate of present energy density of dark matter and energy. Along with explanations of graceful exit, radiation era, matter domination, this model also indicates the reason for present accelerated state of the universe. In this work a method is shown following which one can construct an infinite number of exact scalar field inflationary cosmological models.

Chinese Economists’ Confidence Survey Economic Growth Was Expected to Be Slower and the Inflationary Pressure Was Still Quite High

As shown in the results of 100 Chinese Economists’ Confi- dence Survey,conducted by China’s Economic Monitoring and Analy- sis Center,National Bureau of Statistics,the confidence index of the economists in the second quarter of 2008 was 4.55 in the range of the values between 1 and 9.The survey indicated that,under the influence of the major factors such as the worsened international economic situations,the evident decline of the demand for export and the quite big inflationary pressure,etc,the economists had shown evidently deeper concem over the economic trend.

Risk Management via Measuring Impacts of Micro and Macro Economic Factors on Financial Firm Stock Price—A Case of Mitsubishi UFJ in Japan

Mitsubishi UFJ(MUFJ)has made very positive contributions to the overall achievements of the banking industry,deserving its position as one of the leading financial groups in Japan,contributing to helping government stabilizes the market and successfully implement monetary policy.MUFJ is aiming for growth of approximately¥250 billion in net operating profits,with MUFG Group companies,business groups,and the corporate center.Movement of stock price in financial groups such as MUFJ will reflect the business health of bank and financial system and the whole economy.Good business management requires us to consider the impacts of multi micro and macro factors on stock price,and it contributes to promoting business plan and economic policies for economic growth and stabilizing macroeconomic factors.By data collection method through statistics,analysis,synthesis,comparison,quantitative analysis to generate qualitative comments and discussion;using econometric method to perform regression equation and evaluate quantitative results,the article analyzed and evaluated the impacts of six(6)micro and macro economic factors such as:cost,net sale,lending rate,inflation,GPD growth,S&P 500,etc.on stock price of a big financial group,MUFJ in Japan in the period of 2010-2019,both positive and negative sides.The results of quantitative research,in a seven-factor model,show that the decrease in inflation,GDP,and high lending rate has a significant effect on reducing MUFJ stock price with the highest impact coefficient,the second is increase in cost.This research finding and recommended policy also can be used as reference in policy for commercial bank and financial system in many developing countries.

Cosmic Illusions

A critique of black-hole-black-body radiation, black-hole thermodynamics, entropy bounds, inflation cosmology, and the lack of gravitational aberration is presented. With the exception of the last topic, the common thread is the misuse of entropy and, consequently, the second law. Hawking’s derivation of the entropy loss due to black hole emission rests on Kirchhoff’s radiation law which equates the rates of absorption and emission of energy in any given frequency interval. Black-body radiation cannot, therefore, be used as a mechanism for black-hole evaporation. A derivation of the Planck factor from an exponential Doppler shift shows why the temperature cannot be proportional to the acceleration;accelerations do not cause Doppler shifts. Inflationary cosmology is based on a misconception that the adiabatic condition of Einstein’s equations hold, and, yet, there can be an enormous increase in the entropy. The cause for the increase is a negative pressure which contradicts the thermodynamic definition of positive pressure as the derivative of the entropy with respect to the volume times the temperature: Increases in volume cause corresponding increases in the entropy. A first-order phase transition cannot occur under adiabatic conditions, cannot generate entropy, and the latent heat cannot be used to reheat the universe. Finally, a negative pressure is invoked to explain the absence of gravitational aberration, assuming that gravity propagates at the speed of light. It is the only physical theory of universal content which I am convinced will never be overthrown, within the framwork of applicability of its basic concepts. Albert Einstein on

The Novel Interaction Model of Dark Energy and Dark Matter

The paper introduces Planck scale into the Newtonian law of gravity for the model simplification. The terms of Newtonian gravitational force can be separated into two parts, namely Dark Matter and Dark Energy respectively. They are inverse relation to the distance. In the very early Universe, the novel model gives the sum “attractive force” of all matters in the cosmos. It indicates that Inflationary Universe firstly and then Universe expands slowly on condition that the accelerated velocity is slowing down for ever. In the galaxy scale, the paper gets the local “attractive force” of different galaxies by using the novel interaction model. It shows the intercommunity property in the formation process of different galaxies, where the matter suppresses firstly, sharp inflates secondly, slowly expands finally. Otherwise, the novel interaction model solves the problem about the flat rotation curves of galaxy by considering the change of the mass ratio of Dark Energy and Dark Matter. All results of simulation show that the core of our Universe is hollow now.

How the Dirac Sea Idea May Apply to a Spatially-Flat Universe Model (A Brief Review)

The famous Dirac sea idea can be resurrected if one replaces the concept of positive and negative matter mass with positive and negative energy. Utilizing this concept, the perpetually spatially-flat matter-generating FSC model can be shown to be a realistic Milne “empty universe” model. Furthermore, this may be why Rh = ct cosmological models like FSC show an excellent statistical fit with the accumulated data of the Supernova Cosmology Project.

Constraints on brane inflation after Planck 2015: Impacts of the latest local measurement of the Hubble constant

We investigate the observational constraints on three typical brane inflation models by considering the latest local measurement of the Hubble constant in the global fit. We also employ other observational data, including the Planck 2015 CMB data, the BICEP2/Keck Array B-mode data, and the baryon acoustic oscillations data, in our analysis. Previous studies have shown that the addition of the latest local H_0 measurement favors a larger spectral index, and can exert a significant influence on the model selection of inflation. In this work, we investigate its impacts on the status of brane inflation models. We find that, when the direct H_0 measurement is considered, the prototype model of brane inflation is still in good agreement with the current observational data within the 2σ level range. For the KKLMMT model, the consideration of the H_0 measurement allows the range of the parameter β to be amplified to O(10^(-2)), which slightly alleviates the fine-tuning problem. For the IR DBI model, the addition of the H_0 measurement does not provide a better fit. These results show that the consideration of the new H_0 prior can exert a considerable influence on the brane inflation models. At last, we show that, when β≤1.1, the equilateral non-Gaussianity in the IR DBI inflation model is compatible with the current CMB data at the 1σ level.

Adiabatic regularization and Green's function of a scalar field in de Sitter space: Positive energy spectrum and no trace anomaly

In the conventional adiabatic regularization the vacuum ultraviolet divergences of a quantum field in curved spacetime are removed by subtracting the k-mode of the stress tensor to the 4 th-order.For a scalar field in de Sitter space,we find that the4 th-order regularized spectral energy density is negative.Moreover,the 2 nd-order regularization for minimal coupling(ξ=0)and the 0 th-order regularization for conformal coupling(ξ=1/6) yield a positive and UV-convergent spectral energy density and power spectrum.The regularized stress tensor in the vacuum is maximally symmetric and can drive inflation,while its k-modes representing the primordial fluctuations are nonuniformly distributed.Conventional regularization of a Green's function in position space is generally plagued by a log IR divergence.Only in the massless case with ξ=0 or 1/6,we can directly regularize the Green's functions and obtain vanishing results that agree with the adiabatic regularization results.In this case,the regularized power spectrum and stress tensor are both zero,and no trace anomaly exists.To overcome the log IR divergence problem in the massive cases with ξ=0 and 1/6,we perform Fourier transformation of the regularized power spectra and obtain the regularized analytical Green's functions which are IR-and UV-convergent.

A massless scalar field in Robertson-Walker spacetimes:Adiabatic regularization and Green’s function

We study adiabatic regularization of a coupling massless scalar field in general spatially flat Robertson-Walker(RW)spacetimes.For the conformal coupling,the 2nd-order regularized power spectrum and 4th-order regularized stress tensor are zero,and no trace anomaly exists in general RW spacetimes.This is a new result that exceeds those found in de Sitter space.For the minimal coupling,the regularized spectra are also zero in the radiationdominant and matter-dominant stages,as well as in de Sitter space.The vanishing of these adiabatically regularized spectra is further confirmed by direct regularization of the Green's function.For a general coupling and general RW spacetimes,the regularized spectra can be negative under the conventional prescription.At a higher order of regularization,the spectra will generally become positive,but will also acquire IR divergence,which is inevitable for a massless field.To avoid the IR divergence,the inside-horizon regularization is applied.Through these procedures,nonnegative UV-and IR-convergent power spectrum and spectral energy density will eventually be achieved.