The Influence of Depression on Different Age and Gender Groups in Bahawalpur

In Bahawalpur,a cross-sectional study assessed depression prevalence across age and gender groups,involving 442 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and settings.Utilizing the PHQ9 questionnaire,84%were found to meet depression levels.The findings revealed a higher incidence in females(88%)than males(79%),with the greatest disparity among young adults,particularly young women,due to factors like academic pressure and financial stress.School children had the lowest depression rates(68%),possibly due to better immunity.Elderly individuals exhibited more severe depression,likely related to aging and domestic challenges.The study’s findings highlight a significant variation in depression severity across different demographic groups,with an overall higher incidence in women.The research underscores the necessity for targeted mental health resources and interventions tailored to the specific needs of each demographic group.It also points to the importance of addressing academic and socioeconomic stressors to mitigate depression,particularly among young women.While the study provides valuable insights,it relies on self-reported data,which may introduce bias.Therefore,future research should include clinical assessments to validate these findings and ensure a more accurate representation of depression within the community.

Culture, Beliefs, Attitude and Peer Group Influence on Female Genital Mutilation in Southeast Nigeria

Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NO2 IN PRD URBAN GROUP AND THE ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ANALYSIS BASED ON OMI REMOTE SENSING DATA

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of tropospheric NO_2 in Pearl River Delta(PRD) urban group and its adjacent areas were analyze from 2005 to 2013 based on remote sensing data from ozone monitoring instrument(OMI) satellite, and further explored the impact of human activities on NO_2. Compared with the ground observation data, the OMI NO_2 remote sensing data displayed high reliability. Due to active industrial production, high car ownership, great energy and power consumption, the average tropospheric NO_2concentration(7.4×1015molec/cm2) of PRD region is about 3 times of the adjacent areas. At the same time, the regional high pollution NO_2 in PRD region as a whole, the urban group effect is remarkable. Sinusoidal model can well fit the periodic variation of the NO_2 in PRD and adjacent areas. NO_2 concentration was highest in winter while lowest in summer. The concentration of NO_2 in PRD region is decreasing in recent 9 years, which has a significantly negative correlation with the second industry output and car ownership. This suggests that the nitrogen oxide emissions governance in PRD region had achieved initial results. The concentration of NO_2 increased significantly in the eastern and northern Guangdong Province, there are good positive correlations with the second industrial outputs and car ownerships, it is thus clear that industrial emissions and automobile exhausts are important sources of NO_2 in these regions. The concentration of NO_2 in western Guangdong area is stable.

Spheres of Urban Influence and Factors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region Based on Viewpoint of Administrative Division Adjustment

The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been elevated as China's important strategy. And, the priority in considering how to bring the maximum effect of their coordinated development into play is to delineate the spheres of urban influence with regard to the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. By building an evaluation index system of urban comprehensive strength, this paper applies the principal component analysis method to determine centrality strength of the cities, and the breakpoint theory and weighted Voronoi diagram to identify the spheres of urban influence in all central cities of the region. Results show that 13 central cities within the region greatly differ in strength, which can be classified into four tiers and that the spheres of urban influence do not have a high goodness of fit with administrative jurisdiction scope. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Handan have larger spheres of urban, spheres of urban influence in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao are basically consistent with their administrative jurisdiction scopes, and seven cities including Langfang and Baoding have smaller spheres of urban influence. So according to these cities' comprehensive strength and spheres of influence, the region can be divided into five plates: Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan. The major influence factors for inconsistency between spheres of urban influence and spheres of jurisdiction include difference in urban administrative ranking, small number of central cities with weak strength, discrepancy in the number of counties under jurisdiction, unreasonable spheres of jurisdiction and diversity in topographical conditions. In order to solve the imbalance in the spheres of urban influence and those of jurisdiction and better facilitate the coordinated development of the region, it is advised to adjust administrative areas so as to obtain more optimized urban spatial layout and more reasonable urban scale hierarchy system.

Post-traumatic stress disorder status in a rescue group after the Wenchuan earthquake relief

Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in earthquake rescue workers is relatively high. Risk factors for this disorder include demographic characteristics, earthquake-related high-risk factors, risk factors in the rescue process, personality, social support and coping style. This study examined the current status of a unit of 1 040 rescue workers who participated in earthquake relief for the Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on May 12th, 2008. Post-traumatic stress disorder was diagnosed primarily using the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale during structured interviews. Univariate and multivariate sta-tistical analyses were used to examine major risk factors that contributed to the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder. Results revealed that the incidence of this disorder in the rescue group was 5.96%. The impact factors in univariate analysis included death of family members, contact with corpses or witnessing of the deceased or seriously injured, near-death experience, severe injury or mental trauma in the rescue process and working at the epicenter of the earthquake. Correlation analysis suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder was positively correlated with psychotic and neurotic personalities, negative coping and low social support. Impact factors in mul-tivariate logistic regression analysis included near-death experience, severe injury or mental trauma, working in the epicenter of the rescue, neurotic personality, negative coping and low social support, among which low social support had the largest odds ratio of 20.42. Findings showed that the oc-currence of post-traumatic stress disorder was the result of the interaction of multiple factors.

FURTHER RESULTS ON THE EXISTENCE OF LABELED RESOLVABLE BLOCK DESIGNS

It was proved in this paper that there exists a labeled resolvable block design LRB (4,3; v ) if and only if v ≡0 (mod 4) and v ≥8, with 8 possible exceptions. It was also proved that there exists a nearly Kirkman system NKS (2,4; v ) if and only if v ≡0 (mod 12) and v ≥24, except possibly when v =264 or 372.

“With This Disease, You Take Whatever Chances There Are”—A Study on Socio-Cultural and Psychological Aspects of Experiments Regarding Huntington’s Disease

Although relatively rare, Huntington’s disease (HD) has fatal consequences. There is no cure for the disease, which leads to an early death. Worldwide, scientists are trying to develop therapeutic methods that could cure the disease, including new molecular gene therapeutic methods. At Lund University, research on HD is now about to step from animal models to trials with humans. The project is special in its design since it involves both medical studies and socio-cultural and psychological research to explore and meet the many challenges that experimental trials with HD patients give rise to. The aim of the present study was to investigate the viewpoints of individuals affected by HD on the issues of participation and exerting influence if taking part in a medical study on gene therapy that has not previously been tested on humans. A total of 16 participants, recruited through the national association for HD and through the neurological clinic at Lund University in Sweden, took part in a focus group or in a survey study. A thematic analysis, to explore the transcribed text from the focus groups as well as from the written mail responses, was conducted by means of Nvivo, a program for qualitative data analysis. Results showed three main themes expressing reasons for participation: participation as a last resort, as an activity of hope, and as a way to take responsibility for the development of a cure that will benefit future generations. The responses relating to the question about affected individuals’ view of exerting influence resulted in two themes. The first theme was having a voice when researchers design experiments, which may give a sense of receiving respect. The second was that influence is an essential part of the information process before agreeing to take part in an experimental trail.

不同年龄住院T2DM患者心血管事件发生的 相关因素分析

目的:探讨不同年龄段住院2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者临床特征及心血管事件发生影响因素。方法:收集2019年1月至12月石家庄市第二医院108例住院T2DM患者的临床资料,根据心血管事件发生分为发生组和未发生组,比较两组临床特征及不同年龄住院T2DM患者临床特征,采用Logistic回归方程分析住院T2DM患者心血管事件发生影响因素。结果:(1)所有患者均获得2年随访结果,心血管事件发生率为37.04%;(2)发生组年龄、T2DM病程、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、半乳糖凝集素-3(galectin-3,Gal-3)、高血压病史均大或长或高于未发生组,踝肱指数、C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白9(C1q/tumor necrosis factor related protein 9,CTRP9)低于未发生组(P<0.05);(3)老年组T2DM病程、HbA1c、Gal-3、高血压病史均大或长或高于中青年组,踝肱指数、CTRP9低于中青年组(P<0.05);(4)T2DM病程、踝肱指数、年龄、CTRP9是住院T2DM患者心血管事件发生影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:T2DM病程、踝肱指数、年龄、CTRP9可能是导致住院T2DM患者心血管事件发生的影响因素,临床实际中应密切关注伴有上述情况的住院T2DM患者,积极防治,促进预后改善。

基于组基轨迹模型的全膝关节置换术病人心理弹性轨迹及影响因素

目的:追踪全膝关节置换术后病人心理弹性的动态变化,并探究轨迹的相关影响因素。方法:选取2022年7月—2023年2月青岛市某三级甲等医院关节外科接受全膝关节置换术的病人为研究对象,在病人入院当天、术后3 d、术后2周拆线当日、术后1个月复诊当日、术后3个月复诊时调查病人的心理弹性水平,使用组基轨迹模型识别心理弹性变化轨迹及轨迹类别,采用多元Logistic回归分析不同轨迹的影响因素。结果:经模型拟合,最后得出4条不同的心理弹性轨迹,分别为低心理弹性平稳组、中心理弹性平稳组、低心理弹性下降组、高心理弹性上升组。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度、领悟社会支持、正负性情绪为全膝关节置换术病人心理弹性轨迹的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:全膝关节置换术病人心理弹性存在4个异质性轨迹亚组,且随时间而发生变化,但大多数病人在术后可以保持平稳水平。文化程度、领悟社会支持、正负性情绪为病人心理弹性的影响因素。

融合群体兴趣和核心用户影响的群组推荐方法研究

[目的/意义]为提高群组推荐准确率和可解释性,针对现有的群组推荐方法较少关注群组内核心用户对群体兴趣的影响,综合考虑群组整体兴趣和群组内核心用户对其他用户的影响,提出融合群体兴趣和核心用户影响的群组推荐方法。[方法/过程]首先,借鉴h指数思想计算群组内每个用户的影响力,识别群组内核心用户;其次,利用LDA主题模型进行群体兴趣建模和核心用户兴趣建模;最后,综合考虑群组中用户自身兴趣和其受核心用户影响而产生的兴趣进行资源推荐服务。[结果/结论]利用微博数据进行实证,验证了此方法的有效性。

信息茧房效应下用户群体极化形成机理研究

智能媒体时代下,进一步探究信息茧房效应对用户群体极化行为意愿的影响,能为构建良好的社交媒体平台生态提供建议。文章基于“刺激-机体-反应”框架与信息生态理论,从信息茧房的同质化特征内涵出发,分析信息茧房形成机理并构建信息茧房效应下用户群体极化作用机理模型,利用问卷调查收集样本,通过结构方程模型展开实证研究。研究结果显示,信息同质化、选择性接触、群际情绪和社会比较频率在用户群体极化行为意愿形成过程中发挥重要作用。同时,用户态度极化也是信息茧房效应下用户群体极化行为意愿的影响因素。

企业基础研究决策的同群效应及影响因素

以2013-2022年中国沪深A股制造业和信息技术业上市企业为样本,实证检验基础研究的同群效应的存在性、模仿路径及其影响因素。研究发现,企业基础研究决策受行业内其他企业的影响,即存在行业同群效应,其模仿路径呈现出一定的先内后外规律。企业所处的竞争地位越高,既往基础研究经验越丰富,其基础研究决策越容易受到行业同群的影响。相较于非国有企业,国有企业基础研究决策受同群企业影响程度较高。研究进一步发现,企业基础研究决策同群效应对企业创新绩效有正向促进作用。研究发现为更好地理解企业基础研究的外在驱动力,并为鼓励企业开展基础研究与完善中国基础研究政策体系提供思路参考。

北魏赐客制及其对民族交融的影响

拓跋珪恢复代国之时,实行使归顺者能够获得客身份的做法。北魏建国后,道武帝拓跋珪使赐客的规定制度化。北魏国家使“归国”少数族首领能够成为授客对象;而对“归国”汉人而言,只有上层群体,可以获得“客”身份。北魏国家对客实行了优待的措施,使少数族和汉族的客能够受封爵位和受任职官,并且,还能获得物质赏赐。尤其对少数族人的客,北魏国家实行赐婚的做法。因为北魏赐客制的实行,使客阶层与拓跋鲜卑统治者建立起牢固的君臣关系,并在“归国”群体中占据主导地位,因而,也就促使“归国”群体的独立性逐渐泯灭。而且,随着孝文帝汉化措施的推行,使代人与汉人的交融不断深化,从而在社会、文化价值观的取向上日趋一致,因此,北魏实施的赐客制对促进北方民族交融,无疑产生了重要影响与推动作用。

划片区组长负责制能级对应分层管理模式在急诊护理管理中的应用价值

目的研究划片区组长负责制能级对应分层管理模式在急诊护理管理中的应用价值。方法选取我院41名急诊科护理人员为研究对象,其中2020年1月至2022年1月采用常规急诊护理管理(n=41,管理前),2022年2月至2023年1月采用划片区组长负责制能级对应分层管理模式(n=41,管理后)。选择同期我院急诊科收治的80例患者的临床资料开展回顾性分析,其中2020年1月至2022年1月纳入40例患者,2022年2月至2023年1月纳入40例患者。比较管理前、后的护理不良事件发生率、护理质量、护士人文素质及患者安全胜任力。结果管理后的护理不良事件总发生率为5.00%,低于管理前的20.00%(P<0.05)。管理后的病区管理、护士工作能力、护士形象、护理服务态度、健康教育评分及总分均高于管理前(P<0.05)。管理后的职业道德素质、文化素质、法律素质、审美素质、心理素质评分及总分高于管理前(P<0.05)。管理后的知识因素、系统因素、态度因素、技能因素评分及总分高于管理前(P<0.05)。结论划片区组长负责制能级对应分层管理模式在急诊护理管理中的应用价值显著,可降低护理不良事件发生率,提高护理质量,提升护理人员的人文素质,值得推广。

宽带跳频TDMA辐射源网群的定位及网群划分方法

为了解决现有方法难以对宽带跳频时分多址(frequency hopping-time division multiple access,FH-TDMA)辐射源网群定位的问题,提出一种仅利用波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)信息的多站定位及网群划分方法。首先通过模拟滤波对各站接收到的信号进行频段划分,通过基于多相滤波的数字信道化方法把信号输出到多个信道中;然后通过直接定位(direct position determination,DPD)算法计算得出各时隙辐射源的位置;最后先通过不同参数的基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类(density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise,DBSCAN)算法选择出最佳的辐射源定位结果,再根据提出的基于先验信息的改进K-means聚类算法进行网群划分。所提方法实现了采样率和信号处理速率的降低,且无需站间严格的时间同步。结果表明,所提方法有效估计出了辐射源的数量、位置,以及网群划分情况。

土壤原生生物的生态功能及其影响因素

【目的】土壤原生生物是指土壤中除植物、动物和真菌以外的所有真核生物,具有明显的系统发育和功能多样性特征,是地下生态系统的关键组成部分之一。与原核生物(细菌与古菌)和真菌相比,原生生物在土壤食物网中的作用常被忽视。本文系统论述了土壤原生生物的多样性及其生态功能,并综述了土壤养分、水分、pH、温度、重金属、微塑料等因子对土壤原生生物的影响,旨在阐明原生生物对土壤养分转化、土壤食物网和植物健康的生态作用及对主要环境因子的响应。【进展】土壤原生生物的数量、大小与形态各异,且营养级类群多样性丰富,它们可作为光合藻类、微生物捕食者、植物与动物的寄生者,在土壤食物网中扮演重要角色。光合型原生生物除潜在提高土壤氧浓度外,对陆地生态系统的碳储存具有重要贡献。消费型原生生物可通过捕食改变微生物群落,推动土壤微生物环,抑制植物病害,并提高植物性能。寄生型原生生物常被认为对宿主具有负面效应,如改变动物多样性,并引起植物病害。然而,寄生型原生生物对推动养分(如磷)循环也有贡献,且对植物的叶际细菌具有生防功能。总的来看,原生生物推动了陆地生态系统物质循环与能量流动向更高营养级的转移,并在土壤食物网中占据中心位置,发挥着关键生态功能。【展望】未来可从原生生物多样性特征及其维持机制、原生生物与其他土壤微生物或动物(如蚯蚓、线虫等)的互作与代谢关系、原生生物对土壤食物网物质循环与能量流动的贡献及相关影响因素进行深入研究。此外,原生生物生防剂的资源开发与应用,将利于缓解土壤与植物农药残留,也对保障土壤健康及其可持续利用与发展具有重要意义。

多尺度子群体交互关系下的群体行为识别方法

群体行为识别旨在识别包含多个个体的群体行为。在现实场景中,群体行为通常可以被视为从群体到子群体再到个人的层次结构。然而,以前的群体行为识别方法主要侧重于对个体之间的关系进行建模,缺乏对子群体之间关系的深度研究。从该角度出发,该文提出一种基于多尺度子群体交互关系(MSIR)的多层次群体行为识别框架。除对个体关系进行建模外,重点关注了子群体之间的多尺度交互特征。具体优化如下:设计子群体划分模块,通过个体外观特征和其空间位置来聚合可能存在关联的个体,再进一步利用语义信息动态地生成不同尺度大小的子群体;设计子群体交互特征提取模块,通过构建不同子群体之间的交互矩阵以及图神经网络的关系推理能力,提取更具判别力的子群体特征。实验结果表明,与现有12种方法在排球数据集和集体活动数据集这两个群体行为识别基准数据集上对比,该文方法都取得最好的性能结果。作为一个易于扩展和优化的群体行为识别框架,该算法在不同数据集上都具有较好的泛化能力。

基于OFDMA的分布式网络架构干扰分析及资源池概念

为了评估采用正交频分多址接入技术的多小区分布式网络架构的干扰状况,以广义分布式小区架构——群小区为例,具体分析了不采用功率控制、采用信干比平衡功率控制策略以及进一步采用逐步删除算法时的群小区架构小区间干扰状况,评估了与传统蜂窝架构相比较的系统中断性能.分析和仿真表明,相对于传统蜂窝结构,群小区架构的小区间干扰并没有大幅度的提高.并且由于群小区架构的系统资源是统一进行分配与管理的,系统性能较传统蜂窝架构有更大的提高.基于此,进一步提出了资源池概念.

基本公共服务供给如何影响低收入群体幸福感?——来自中国四省实地调查的实证分析

相对贫困治理任务的长期性和复杂性,决定了低收入群体谋求美好生活、获得幸福感具有一定的挑战。经济增长和收入水平上升并不一定增加低收入群体的幸福感,在中国“伊斯特林悖论”已经出现,尤其是在相对贫困情境下,基本公共服务供给成为低收入群体平等地享有机会、提高潜能的关键因素,有助于提升其幸福感。本文通过梳理基本公共服务供给与低收入群体幸福感的逻辑关系,提出基本公共服务通过“赋权”和“增能”来提升低收入群体幸福感的理论假说,并采用中国四省实地调研的数据,研究基本公共服务供给对低收入群体幸福感的影响机理。研究表明,基本公共服务供给能够显著提升低收入群体幸福感,其中供给满意度中充足性、均衡性、便利性和普惠性越高,幸福感水平越高。在进一步的分析中,赋权、增能影响机制均发挥了显著的作用,但对于低收入群体而言,增能的影响更强。此外,异质性分析发现在城乡以及不同年龄段的低收入群体之间,基本公共服务供给对低收入群体幸福感的影响依然显著。据此结论,试从“影响因素—生成逻辑”两个角度提出基本公共服务供给提升低收入群体幸福感的政策建议,为扎实推进共同富裕提出理论依据。