The Influence of Depression on Different Age and Gender Groups in Bahawalpur

In Bahawalpur,a cross-sectional study assessed depression prevalence across age and gender groups,involving 442 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and settings.Utilizing the PHQ9 questionnaire,84%were found to meet depression levels.The findings revealed a higher incidence in females(88%)than males(79%),with the greatest disparity among young adults,particularly young women,due to factors like academic pressure and financial stress.School children had the lowest depression rates(68%),possibly due to better immunity.Elderly individuals exhibited more severe depression,likely related to aging and domestic challenges.The study’s findings highlight a significant variation in depression severity across different demographic groups,with an overall higher incidence in women.The research underscores the necessity for targeted mental health resources and interventions tailored to the specific needs of each demographic group.It also points to the importance of addressing academic and socioeconomic stressors to mitigate depression,particularly among young women.While the study provides valuable insights,it relies on self-reported data,which may introduce bias.Therefore,future research should include clinical assessments to validate these findings and ensure a more accurate representation of depression within the community.

Culture, Beliefs, Attitude and Peer Group Influence on Female Genital Mutilation in Southeast Nigeria

Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NO2 IN PRD URBAN GROUP AND THE ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ANALYSIS BASED ON OMI REMOTE SENSING DATA

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of tropospheric NO_2 in Pearl River Delta(PRD) urban group and its adjacent areas were analyze from 2005 to 2013 based on remote sensing data from ozone monitoring instrument(OMI) satellite, and further explored the impact of human activities on NO_2. Compared with the ground observation data, the OMI NO_2 remote sensing data displayed high reliability. Due to active industrial production, high car ownership, great energy and power consumption, the average tropospheric NO_2concentration(7.4×1015molec/cm2) of PRD region is about 3 times of the adjacent areas. At the same time, the regional high pollution NO_2 in PRD region as a whole, the urban group effect is remarkable. Sinusoidal model can well fit the periodic variation of the NO_2 in PRD and adjacent areas. NO_2 concentration was highest in winter while lowest in summer. The concentration of NO_2 in PRD region is decreasing in recent 9 years, which has a significantly negative correlation with the second industry output and car ownership. This suggests that the nitrogen oxide emissions governance in PRD region had achieved initial results. The concentration of NO_2 increased significantly in the eastern and northern Guangdong Province, there are good positive correlations with the second industrial outputs and car ownerships, it is thus clear that industrial emissions and automobile exhausts are important sources of NO_2 in these regions. The concentration of NO_2 in western Guangdong area is stable.

The Influence of Familial Reference Groups on Consumer Decisions in Different Culture Context

This paper examines the influence of familial reference groups on individuals＇ product and brand decisions for products across two kinds of culture. The study is addressed through an examination of intergenerational influences across the two different cultures. The results of the study lend support to the original approach and also provide an insight look into how reference group influence may vary depending on different culture context. The paper also provides very useful advice for marketers when they apply western marketing concepts in China market.

Spheres of Urban Influence and Factors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region Based on Viewpoint of Administrative Division Adjustment

The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been elevated as China's important strategy. And, the priority in considering how to bring the maximum effect of their coordinated development into play is to delineate the spheres of urban influence with regard to the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. By building an evaluation index system of urban comprehensive strength, this paper applies the principal component analysis method to determine centrality strength of the cities, and the breakpoint theory and weighted Voronoi diagram to identify the spheres of urban influence in all central cities of the region. Results show that 13 central cities within the region greatly differ in strength, which can be classified into four tiers and that the spheres of urban influence do not have a high goodness of fit with administrative jurisdiction scope. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Handan have larger spheres of urban, spheres of urban influence in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao are basically consistent with their administrative jurisdiction scopes, and seven cities including Langfang and Baoding have smaller spheres of urban influence. So according to these cities' comprehensive strength and spheres of influence, the region can be divided into five plates: Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan. The major influence factors for inconsistency between spheres of urban influence and spheres of jurisdiction include difference in urban administrative ranking, small number of central cities with weak strength, discrepancy in the number of counties under jurisdiction, unreasonable spheres of jurisdiction and diversity in topographical conditions. In order to solve the imbalance in the spheres of urban influence and those of jurisdiction and better facilitate the coordinated development of the region, it is advised to adjust administrative areas so as to obtain more optimized urban spatial layout and more reasonable urban scale hierarchy system.

KG_2 over Rings with Division Rings of Quotients

A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.

KG2 over Rings with Division Rings of Quotients

A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.

Post-traumatic stress disorder status in a rescue group after the Wenchuan earthquake relief

Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in earthquake rescue workers is relatively high. Risk factors for this disorder include demographic characteristics, earthquake-related high-risk factors, risk factors in the rescue process, personality, social support and coping style. This study examined the current status of a unit of 1 040 rescue workers who participated in earthquake relief for the Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on May 12th, 2008. Post-traumatic stress disorder was diagnosed primarily using the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale during structured interviews. Univariate and multivariate sta-tistical analyses were used to examine major risk factors that contributed to the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder. Results revealed that the incidence of this disorder in the rescue group was 5.96%. The impact factors in univariate analysis included death of family members, contact with corpses or witnessing of the deceased or seriously injured, near-death experience, severe injury or mental trauma in the rescue process and working at the epicenter of the earthquake. Correlation analysis suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder was positively correlated with psychotic and neurotic personalities, negative coping and low social support. Impact factors in mul-tivariate logistic regression analysis included near-death experience, severe injury or mental trauma, working in the epicenter of the rescue, neurotic personality, negative coping and low social support, among which low social support had the largest odds ratio of 20.42. Findings showed that the oc-currence of post-traumatic stress disorder was the result of the interaction of multiple factors.

FURTHER RESULTS ON THE EXISTENCE OF LABELED RESOLVABLE BLOCK DESIGNS

It was proved in this paper that there exists a labeled resolvable block design LRB (4,3; v ) if and only if v ≡0 (mod 4) and v ≥8, with 8 possible exceptions. It was also proved that there exists a nearly Kirkman system NKS (2,4; v ) if and only if v ≡0 (mod 12) and v ≥24, except possibly when v =264 or 372.

“With This Disease, You Take Whatever Chances There Are”—A Study on Socio-Cultural and Psychological Aspects of Experiments Regarding Huntington’s Disease

Although relatively rare, Huntington’s disease (HD) has fatal consequences. There is no cure for the disease, which leads to an early death. Worldwide, scientists are trying to develop therapeutic methods that could cure the disease, including new molecular gene therapeutic methods. At Lund University, research on HD is now about to step from animal models to trials with humans. The project is special in its design since it involves both medical studies and socio-cultural and psychological research to explore and meet the many challenges that experimental trials with HD patients give rise to. The aim of the present study was to investigate the viewpoints of individuals affected by HD on the issues of participation and exerting influence if taking part in a medical study on gene therapy that has not previously been tested on humans. A total of 16 participants, recruited through the national association for HD and through the neurological clinic at Lund University in Sweden, took part in a focus group or in a survey study. A thematic analysis, to explore the transcribed text from the focus groups as well as from the written mail responses, was conducted by means of Nvivo, a program for qualitative data analysis. Results showed three main themes expressing reasons for participation: participation as a last resort, as an activity of hope, and as a way to take responsibility for the development of a cure that will benefit future generations. The responses relating to the question about affected individuals’ view of exerting influence resulted in two themes. The first theme was having a voice when researchers design experiments, which may give a sense of receiving respect. The second was that influence is an essential part of the information process before agreeing to take part in an experimental trail.

基于组基轨迹模型的全膝关节置换术病人心理弹性轨迹及影响因素

目的:追踪全膝关节置换术后病人心理弹性的动态变化,并探究轨迹的相关影响因素。方法:选取2022年7月—2023年2月青岛市某三级甲等医院关节外科接受全膝关节置换术的病人为研究对象,在病人入院当天、术后3 d、术后2周拆线当日、术后1个月复诊当日、术后3个月复诊时调查病人的心理弹性水平,使用组基轨迹模型识别心理弹性变化轨迹及轨迹类别,采用多元Logistic回归分析不同轨迹的影响因素。结果:经模型拟合,最后得出4条不同的心理弹性轨迹,分别为低心理弹性平稳组、中心理弹性平稳组、低心理弹性下降组、高心理弹性上升组。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度、领悟社会支持、正负性情绪为全膝关节置换术病人心理弹性轨迹的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:全膝关节置换术病人心理弹性存在4个异质性轨迹亚组,且随时间而发生变化,但大多数病人在术后可以保持平稳水平。文化程度、领悟社会支持、正负性情绪为病人心理弹性的影响因素。

贵州畲族农村老年人高血压患病情况及影响因素分析

目的了解贵州畲族农村老年人群的高血压患病情况及其影响因素。方法2022年7月采用多级整群单纯随机抽样方法对麻江县畲族乡村60岁以上老年人进行高血压流行病学调查,共调查560人,其中男222人,女338人,年龄(72.58±6.59)岁。调查内容包含高血压发病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率和人口学相关指标、行为生活方式、反映体型的体格检查指标。采用χ^(2)检验,采用非条件logistic回归分析影响因素。结果贵州畲族农村老年人高血压患病率为55.71%(312/560),高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为72.44%(226/312)、51.92%(162/312)、21.79%(68/312)。非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度(OR=2.020,95%CI 1.265~3.224)、婚姻状况(OR=1.579,95%CI 1.280~1.947)、吸烟(OR=2.695,95%CI 1.578~4.604)、饮酒(OR=0.376,95%CI 0.238~0.593)、体重指数(OR=2.051,95%CI 1.464~2.875)、腰臀比(OR=1.737,95%CI 1.125~2.681)、家族史(OR=1.500,95%CI 1.223~1.838)、每日食盐量(OR=1.596,95%CI 1.077~2.366)均为影响贵州畲族农村老年人高血压患病的主要因素(均P<0.05)。结论贵州畲族农村老年人群高血压患病率高、治疗率和控制率低,应重点加强对高血压知识及可控因素预防的宣教,改变不良生活习惯,从而提高老年人健康水平。

不同年龄住院T2DM患者心血管事件发生的相关因素分析

目的:探讨不同年龄段住院2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者临床特征及心血管事件发生影响因素。方法:收集2019年1月至12月石家庄市第二医院108例住院T2DM患者的临床资料,根据心血管事件发生分为发生组和未发生组,比较两组临床特征及不同年龄住院T2DM患者临床特征,采用Logistic回归方程分析住院T2DM患者心血管事件发生影响因素。结果:(1)所有患者均获得2年随访结果,心血管事件发生率为37.04%;(2)发生组年龄、T2DM病程、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、半乳糖凝集素-3(galectin-3,Gal-3)、高血压病史均大或长或高于未发生组,踝肱指数、C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白9(C1q/tumor necrosis factor related protein 9,CTRP9)低于未发生组(P<0.05);(3)老年组T2DM病程、HbA1c、Gal-3、高血压病史均大或长或高于中青年组,踝肱指数、CTRP9低于中青年组(P<0.05);(4)T2DM病程、踝肱指数、年龄、CTRP9是住院T2DM患者心血管事件发生影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:T2DM病程、踝肱指数、年龄、CTRP9可能是导致住院T2DM患者心血管事件发生的影响因素,临床实际中应密切关注伴有上述情况的住院T2DM患者,积极防治,促进预后改善。

DRG支付背景下临床科室超支情况分析及管理策略——以某三级综合医院心血管内科为例

目的分析临床科室疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)结算病例超支的影响因素,为科室精细化管理提供思路。方法选取2022年某三级综合医院心血管内科1495例DRG结算病例的医保结算信息、病案信息及费用信息,使用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归模型分析DRG结算病例超支的影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,结余病例组和超支病例组在年龄、住院天数、医保类型、病例类型、疾病严重程度、治疗操作类型、相对权重(RW),以及药品占比、耗材占比、检查检验占比、医疗服务占比方面的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,住院天数≥5 d、城乡居民医保、低倍率或高倍率病例、高药品占比、高耗材占比是DRG结算病例超支的危险因素(P<0.05),非手术室操作、RW≥2是DRG结算病例超支的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论临床科室可从主动适应医保规则,落实临床路径管理,加强医疗成本控制,兼顾学科高质量发展等方面持续改进,促进DRG精细化管理,助力医院可持续发展。

融合群体兴趣和核心用户影响的群组推荐方法研究

[目的/意义]为提高群组推荐准确率和可解释性,针对现有的群组推荐方法较少关注群组内核心用户对群体兴趣的影响,综合考虑群组整体兴趣和群组内核心用户对其他用户的影响,提出融合群体兴趣和核心用户影响的群组推荐方法。[方法/过程]首先,借鉴h指数思想计算群组内每个用户的影响力,识别群组内核心用户;其次,利用LDA主题模型进行群体兴趣建模和核心用户兴趣建模;最后,综合考虑群组中用户自身兴趣和其受核心用户影响而产生的兴趣进行资源推荐服务。[结果/结论]利用微博数据进行实证,验证了此方法的有效性。

信息茧房效应下用户群体极化形成机理研究

智能媒体时代下,进一步探究信息茧房效应对用户群体极化行为意愿的影响,能为构建良好的社交媒体平台生态提供建议。文章基于“刺激-机体-反应”框架与信息生态理论,从信息茧房的同质化特征内涵出发,分析信息茧房形成机理并构建信息茧房效应下用户群体极化作用机理模型,利用问卷调查收集样本,通过结构方程模型展开实证研究。研究结果显示,信息同质化、选择性接触、群际情绪和社会比较频率在用户群体极化行为意愿形成过程中发挥重要作用。同时,用户态度极化也是信息茧房效应下用户群体极化行为意愿的影响因素。

企业基础研究决策的同群效应及影响因素

以2013-2022年中国沪深A股制造业和信息技术业上市企业为样本,实证检验基础研究的同群效应的存在性、模仿路径及其影响因素。研究发现,企业基础研究决策受行业内其他企业的影响,即存在行业同群效应,其模仿路径呈现出一定的先内后外规律。企业所处的竞争地位越高,既往基础研究经验越丰富,其基础研究决策越容易受到行业同群的影响。相较于非国有企业,国有企业基础研究决策受同群企业影响程度较高。研究进一步发现,企业基础研究决策同群效应对企业创新绩效有正向促进作用。研究发现为更好地理解企业基础研究的外在驱动力,并为鼓励企业开展基础研究与完善中国基础研究政策体系提供思路参考。

北魏赐客制及其对民族交融的影响

拓跋珪恢复代国之时,实行使归顺者能够获得客身份的做法。北魏建国后,道武帝拓跋珪使赐客的规定制度化。北魏国家使“归国”少数族首领能够成为授客对象;而对“归国”汉人而言,只有上层群体,可以获得“客”身份。北魏国家对客实行了优待的措施,使少数族和汉族的客能够受封爵位和受任职官,并且,还能获得物质赏赐。尤其对少数族人的客,北魏国家实行赐婚的做法。因为北魏赐客制的实行,使客阶层与拓跋鲜卑统治者建立起牢固的君臣关系,并在“归国”群体中占据主导地位,因而,也就促使“归国”群体的独立性逐渐泯灭。而且,随着孝文帝汉化措施的推行,使代人与汉人的交融不断深化,从而在社会、文化价值观的取向上日趋一致,因此,北魏实施的赐客制对促进北方民族交融,无疑产生了重要影响与推动作用。

子宫肌瘤组织中HMGA2、STAT3蛋白水平评估患者术后肌瘤复发价值

目的:探索子宫肌瘤患者肌瘤组织中高迁移率组蛋白A2(HMGA2)和信号转导与转录激活因子3(STAT3)蛋白水平与患者术后复发关系及评估价值。方法:选取2019年5月-2020年12月在本院接受腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者168例,3年术后随访分为复发组(48例)及未复发组(120例)。收集患者一般资料,采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测患者术前血清孕酮(P)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_(2))、卵泡刺激素(FSH)及泌乳素(PRL)的水平,采用Western blot定量分析切除肌瘤组织中HMGA2、STAT3水平;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析HMGA2、STAT3水平对子宫肌瘤患者术后复发的预测价值,多因素logistic回归分析其是否影响术后复发。结果:复发组血清P、LH、E_(2)、FSH、PRL水平高于未复发组,切除的肌瘤组织中HMGA2(1.42±0.28)、STAT3(1.33±0.24)水平均高于未复发组(1.03±0.21、1.02±0.18)(均P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,HMGA2联合STAT3评估患者术后肌瘤复发的曲线下面积(0.934)大于HMGA2(0.885)、STAT3(0.858)(均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,术前血清P、FSH、PRL,以及肌瘤组织HMGA2、STAT3水平升高是子宫肌瘤患者术后复发的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:子宫肌瘤组织HMGA2、STAT3水平上调与术后复发有关,二者联合检测对辅助临床评估患者预后有较好价值。

划片区组长负责制能级对应分层管理模式在急诊护理管理中的应用价值

目的研究划片区组长负责制能级对应分层管理模式在急诊护理管理中的应用价值。方法选取我院41名急诊科护理人员为研究对象,其中2020年1月至2022年1月采用常规急诊护理管理(n=41,管理前),2022年2月至2023年1月采用划片区组长负责制能级对应分层管理模式(n=41,管理后)。选择同期我院急诊科收治的80例患者的临床资料开展回顾性分析,其中2020年1月至2022年1月纳入40例患者,2022年2月至2023年1月纳入40例患者。比较管理前、后的护理不良事件发生率、护理质量、护士人文素质及患者安全胜任力。结果管理后的护理不良事件总发生率为5.00%,低于管理前的20.00%(P<0.05)。管理后的病区管理、护士工作能力、护士形象、护理服务态度、健康教育评分及总分均高于管理前(P<0.05)。管理后的职业道德素质、文化素质、法律素质、审美素质、心理素质评分及总分高于管理前(P<0.05)。管理后的知识因素、系统因素、态度因素、技能因素评分及总分高于管理前(P<0.05)。结论划片区组长负责制能级对应分层管理模式在急诊护理管理中的应用价值显著,可降低护理不良事件发生率,提高护理质量,提升护理人员的人文素质,值得推广。