Information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City──Application of GIS

For meeting the need of rapid development of economy in Shanghai and the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the mega city, it is necessary to build a information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the city. In this paper, GIS is applied to 'the information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City (Baoshan experiment region)'. We introduce to the structure and effect of each functional module in this information system. This information system consists of 7 functional modules:background information of seismology and geology, subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake, subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence, information query, maintenance and management of system, help, quit. The key parts of this information system are the subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake and the subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence. Also, this paper introduces to the application of technology of color infra-red aerial photograph remote sensing to this information system.

Ideas of establishing the information system for emergence decisions on the protection against earthquakes and disaster reduction in cities (application of GIS)

ith urban reformation and opening becoming deeper,the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would be more important.In this paper,some ideas are suggested about establishing the information system for emergency decisions on protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in cities .The information system mainly includes a subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake (which includes input of seismic information,distribution of earthquake intensity,evaluation of seismic fragility on all social factors and etc.) and a subsystem for the decisive information of seismic emergency(which mainly includes project of disaster relief,project of personnel evacuation,dangerous degree warning for the dangerous articlesstoring places and protection measures against them,assistant decision on fire due to earthquake,location of headquarter for providing disaster relief,and etc.). It is thought that the data investigation and collection about all kinds of buildings(including lifeline engineering)are the most important and difficult work as establishing this system.

Security of earthquake disaster reduction system

No matter whether a system is operated manually or automatically controlled by computer, the system’s vulnerability always exists. Earthquake Disaster Reduction System (EDRS) belongs to the category of information system. According to the features of security for EDRS, the steps and the methods on how to build the EDRS security were analyzed. The EDRS security features, security strategies and security measures were also given through a distributed EDRS skeleton that has been applied. Because there was still no appointed and authoritative agency or organization to certify and test EDRS security in China, a national information technology security certification center was introduced and suggested for the certification of the EDRS security. Finally, several discussions and tendencies for the EDRS development were presented.

Redevelopment of Daqing Oil Field distributed earthquake disaster reduction system skeleton

Through investigation on the international development trend of earthquake disaster reduction system(EDRS)researches,a well finished Daqing Oilfield EDRS is introduced.Based on the PC System,redevelopment of the EDRS skeleton is well discussed,including the technical skeleton,function composition,structures of software and hardware,redevelopment languages,database,and remote linking and calling of analysis modules.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that extending and utilizing the function of remote sensing information on the basis of the current distributed EDRS skeleton will become another study direction of EDRS.

A GIS-based Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Command System for Seaside Cities

在这篇论文，地理信息系统(GIS ) 被用于地震和地震和海啸紧急情况命令系统(ETECS ) 因为海滨城市被开发它一个基本数据库和六个分系统是镇静的。Byemploying 这个系统，负责的市政的部门罐头在地震或海啸的出现前做快速的预言，成为在灾难性的事件期间有关灾难战斗命令决定，并且做伤亡和经济损失的快速的估计。以便政府能及时进行救济工作并且为未来灾难减小和预防计划。

A catastrophic debris flow in the Wenchuan Earthquake area,July 2013：characteristics,formation,and risk reduction

In the Wenchuan Earthquake area,many co-seismic landslides formed blocking-dams in debris flow channels. This blocking and bursting of landslide dams amplifies the debris flow scale and results in severe catastrophes. The catastrophic debris flow that occurred in Qipan gully(Wenchuan,Southwest China) on July 11,2013 was caused by intense rainfall and upstream cascading bursting of landslide dams. To gain an understanding of the processes of dam bursting and subsequent debris flow scale amplification effect,we attempted to estimate the bursting debris flow peak discharges along the main gully and analyzed the scale amplification process. The results showed that the antecedent and triggering rainfalls for 11 July debris flow event were 88.0 mm and 21.6 mm,respectively. The event highlights the fact that lower rainfall intensity can trigger debris flows after the earthquake. Calculations of the debris flow peak discharge showed that the peak discharges after the dams-bursting were 1.17–1.69 times greater than the upstream peak discharge. The peak discharge at the gully outlet reached 2553 m^3/s which was amplified by 4.76 times in comparison with the initial peak discharge in the upstream. To mitigate debris flow disasters,a new drainage channel with a trapezoidal V-shaped cross section was proposed. The characteristic lengths(h1 and h2) under optimal hydraulic conditions were calculated as 4.50 m and 0.90 m,respectively.

Earthquake Science and Technology as Well as Preparedness and Reduction of Earthquake Disaster in China

This paper systematically presents the state-of-the-art of preparedness and reduction of earthquake disasters in China. It contains abundant information on the goal, policy, working links, administrative organizations, and main scientific and technological approaches for earthquake disaster reduction in this country. The focus is placed on "taking science and technology as the foundation" and "management based on legal system."

Safety Education for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Beijing Fuxue Primary School

From the analysis of social needs,social situation and school circumstances,the necessity of earthquake disaster reduction is shown,and try to establish the overall framework of earthquake disaster prevention education in primary schools according to the overall goal of earthquake disaster prevention education.The roles of earthquake disaster reduction education is also discussed.

Earthquake-resistant performance investigation for rural buildings in Zhongxiang area, China

We carried out a census of the rural residential buildings of Zhongxiang area＇ s 17 towns. Next, we conducted a sample survey in four townships： Huji, Shipai, Zhangji, and Jiuli. According to the census and sample survey data of the rural residence buildings, we evaluated the quality and earthquake-resistant performance of the rural buildings for the various local rural residential structural types. The results showed that there are four main factors affecting the seismic performance of the local rural residences ： （ 1 ） Foundations are not made appropriately （ such as by compaction or some other fill） but are built directly in the farming soil. （2） Seismic measures are not completely implemented. Structure construction measures are not in place at the junction of the vertical and horizontal wall. The vertical wall joints are not the result of the same masonry techniques as the horizontal joints. There are no lintels above the door and window openings, or if there are any, the length of the lintels is less than 240 mm. （3） The brick masonry wall has low strength. The greatest housing wall mortar strength is between M0. 4 - 1.5, much lower than the strength of the brick. （4） The building material and construction quality are poor. The quality of the mortar masonry wall is poor. The cracks between the bricks are uneven, even in the seams.

New Seismic Zoning Map of Chin a and Its Application in Earthquake Disaster Mitigation

The New Seismic Zoning Map of China was prepared from 1987 to 1990 and officially promulgated in 1991.In comparison with the previous two seismic zoning maps prepared in 1957 and 1977,some new methods were applied to upgrade the method currently used for seismic hazard analysis.First,a probabilistic method was used instead of the deterministic analysis was used for previous mapping.Second,by taking advantages of the long history of historical seismic data in China,the nonhomogeneity of seismicity both in space and in time has been fully considered and hence the over-and/or underestimation of seismic hazard could be avoided.Third,the results of middle-and long-term earthquake prediction based on tectonic evidence have been incorporated into seismic hazard analysis.In addition,the attenuation laws for both intensity and peak acceleration of strong motion as the mapping parameters are also presented.Finally,an evaluation of the New Seismic Map and its effect on engineering application,such as aseismic

城市避难场所防震减灾韧性评价体系研究——以上海市区为例

为增强城市的防震减灾能力,韧性理念提供了一种新的解决思路。从避难场所韧性的吸收能力、恢复能力和适应能力出发,选取24个指标构建避难场所的防震减灾韧性评价指标体系,并以地处我国南方港口且经济发达的上海市为例,分析市区31个避难场所的防震减灾韧性水平。结果表明:上海市区的避难场所大部分处于中等韧性水平,该评价体系可以有效发现避难场所应对地震灾害时存在的薄弱之处,从而提出针对性的措施,可以为我国城市避难场所的韧性规划提供借鉴。

全域科普背景下天津地震科普发展对策研究

全域科普的蓬勃发展为地震科普带来了新的机遇和挑战。在总结分析全域科普背景下地震科普工作面临的新形势和新矛盾的基础上,重点围绕推进社会化机制建设、市场化机制建设、全媒体平台建设和服务供给侧改革4个方面提出相应对策建议,旨在推进天津地震科普工作高质量发展,助力全域科普落地见效。

2022年9月5日泸定M6.8地震预警分析

2022年9月5日,四川省泸定县发生M6.8地震。针对四川地震预警台网部署的EEW和JEEW地震预警处理软件产出的地震预警信息进行分析,从观测数据质量、预警参数测定、减灾效能等方面对地震预警处理过程进行系统性分析,检验预警软件处理结果的可靠性。结果表明,EEW和JEEW分别在震后4.4、8.2 s产出了首报预警信息,震级偏差分别为−1.6、−0.8,震中位置偏差分别为11.2、0.8 km,随着时间的延长和触发台站的增多,预警处理结果最终与正式目录结果趋于一致;本次地震预警盲区半径为14.7 km,预警盲区以外,烈度Ⅵ度以上区域的预警时间为0~21 s,预警有效获益区内减灾效能显著。

基于高分辨率遥感影像的土耳其地震建筑物震害特征

选取土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉什省努尔达吉镇城区和周边乡村地区作为研究区,通过获取地震前后的高空间分辨率遥感影像数据,提取房屋建筑震害信息,识别房屋建筑震害等级,利用震害指数计算区域内地震烈度等级,综合分析得到建筑物震害特征与主要成因,对地震灾情快速评估、应急救援和恢复重建具有重要参考。

北京地区农村民居抗震性能调查分析

房屋倒塌是地震中财产损失和人员伤亡的主要原因。为开展北京韧性城市建设,摸清北京地区农村民居抗震性能底数,提升城乡防震减灾综合能力,抽样调查了北京市昌平区、怀柔区、延庆区、平谷区、朝阳区共7518栋农村民居。通过对农居结构类型、不同结构类型年代分布、抗震构造与结构布局、建筑材料与选址设计施工4个方面的分析,指出北京地区农居存在抗震设防不达标、选址和设计施工不规范、使用和维护管理不合理的抗震薄弱环节,并提出提高农村民居抗震性能的相关措施,如全面开展农居安全鉴定和加固工程,规范新建房屋、加强科学指导服务,提高农民的防震减灾意识。

基于内容分析法的学校防震减灾主题班会研究

基于内容分析法,选取10节防震减灾主题班会作为案例样本,从课堂时长、讲授知识、知识是否出现错误、资料来源、教学形式、教学手段六个方面进行分析,研究主题班会在学校地震安全教育中的运用。得出结论,主题班会课作为学校教育的重要形式之一,运用于防震减灾教育宣传中,扩大了宣传力量和教育体量,发挥教师教学优势,提升学生参与度,增强知识和技能的掌握度,是一种值得推广和运用的防震减灾科普和教育模式;但也存在教师对知识点把握不准确、知识前沿性不足、内容重难点不突出等问题,建议通过优化教学设计、增强内容科学性、提高学校主动性等途径实现其教育功能。

山西防震减灾媒体文件管理系统设计与实现

为提升防震减灾媒体文件利用率,设计、研发山西省防震减灾媒体文件管理系统。该系统采用PHP语言进行设计,主要包括媒体库维护模块、注册及登录模块、媒体资源使用模块和系统管理模块;用户通过浏览器即可操作使用系统,界面友好,操作简单;可实现防震减灾媒体文件的集中管理与开放共享,为防震减灾宣传、档案等工作提供素材与平台支撑。通过该系统将山西省地震局2023年部分图片类媒体文件分类入库,初步建立数字化的山西防震减灾媒体文件资源库。

区域性地震安全性评价成果应用研究——以雄安新区为例

为总结区域性地震安全性评价成果应用,以雄安新区为例,着重介绍规划建设区区域性地震安全性评价工作。雄安新区在完成活动断层探察、地震动参数区域划分、地震地质灾害风险评估的基础上,建设了区评成果管理应用系统,取得的成果应用于服务新区规划建设、工程抗震设防、地震地质灾害防治等方面。本研究对区评成果服务于城市规划、工程建设、防震减灾能力提升具有一定的促进作用。

新安全格局下我国《防震减灾法》修改研究

防震减灾是公共安全的重要内容,是新安全格局的有机组成部分,其主要制度由《防震减灾法》予以规定。近年来,我国着力构建新安全格局,逐步完善大安全大应急框架,防震减灾工作发生一系列重大的理念创新和体制机制变革。现行法律已实施十余年,在提高全社会防震减灾能力方面发挥了重要作用,但也存在着与新理念衔接不畅、部分内容滞后于实践、一些规定操作困难、法律责任偏轻等问题,不能很好地满足当前需要。研究认为应通过贯彻风险管理和社会治理理念、回应社会需求和体制机制改革要求、补充空缺制度和加强涉外条款、提升法治要素含量和提高违法成本,及时修改完善《防震减灾法》,不断提高新安全格局下公共安全治理水平和防震减灾能力。

滁州市数字化智慧防震减灾服务平台的建设

为进一步加强新时代滁州市震灾防御基础业务体系建设,提升防震减灾公共服务能力,实现数字赋能防震减灾智慧化管理,滁州市地震局启动智慧防震减灾服务平台建设。本文简要介绍滁州市智慧防震减灾服务平台建设的主要内容、总体框架、相关创新点及系统功能等内容,阐述通过融合集成地震行业数据,借助各行业数据信息,应用大数据、数字孪生等先进技术,进行可视化表达和辅助决策分析,科学、系统、合理地构建一个集专业数据检索、辅助决策、公众服务为一体的市级综合性智慧化防震减灾服务平台。实现地理信息+地震地上地下全空间数字化管理,实现对防震减灾事业发展的数字化赋能,提高地震数据的综合治理和场景创新应用,显著增强地震灾害风险防治能力。