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The Conflict and Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights and Public Freedom of Information in the“Anti-circumvention Clause”
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作者 龚珊珊 严小翔 SHEN Jinjun(译) 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2023年第5期1115-1133,共19页
There is a long-standing conflict between intellectual property rights and public freedom of information.The continuous development of the“anti-circumvention clause”has caused the conflict to intensify.As a basic hu... There is a long-standing conflict between intellectual property rights and public freedom of information.The continuous development of the“anti-circumvention clause”has caused the conflict to intensify.As a basic human right,freedom of information is being gradually eroded by the expansion of intellectual property rights.The existing research mainly carries on the right balance from the negative protection path,but the positive protection path is more advantageous to realizing the public freedom of information and alleviates the conflict between the two kinds of rights.In practice,there are some problems in the application of the anti-circumvention clause,such as the legality of the aim,the division of the protected part,and the determination of the circumvention.This is mainly due to the lack of restrictions on technical measures,the failure to distinguish between“copyright protection”and“contact control”,and the offside and absence of administrative bodies in practice.We should protect public freedom of information by distinguishing the two measures of copyright protection and contact control and the two torts of access and use,increasing the restrictive conditions for the use of technical protection measures,and changing the functions of administrative supervision agencies. 展开更多
关键词 anti-circumvention clause intellectual property rights public information freedom balance of interests human rights
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Research on Public Participation and Information Publicity in Strategic Environmental Assessment
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作者 Gao Changbo 1,2, Mo Chuangrong 1, Chen Xingeng 1, Zhang Shixi 1 & Sun Yanjun 1 1.School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China 2.Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou 510300, China 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 北大核心 2005年第4期40-46,共7页
It has been generally recognized that strategic environmental assessment integrates environment and development into decision-making and becomes an important decision-making tool for implementing sustainable developme... It has been generally recognized that strategic environmental assessment integrates environment and development into decision-making and becomes an important decision-making tool for implementing sustainable development. This paper firstly introduces the relationships of SEA, public participation(PP)and information publicity(IP),then discusses the key parts in enforcing the effective process of PP: They are the methods for how to make sufficient information open (What), when to implement PP (When), who will determinate the public (Who), and how to make the models of PP (How). Six cases are compared and analyzed. At last, ways to improve the effectiveness of PP in China is also presented. 展开更多
关键词 strategic environmental assessment (SEA) public participation (PP) information publicity (IP) EFFECTIVENESS
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Application of VPN Technique in the Construction of Public Health Information System
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作者 胡先明 邓勇志 +3 位作者 卢祖洵 李书凯 王国平 陆素琴 《Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)》 SCIE CAS 2005年第5期612-614,共3页
Summary: Data communication and sharing of five level network of Public Health Information System, i.e. nation, province, district (city), county, and town, as far as to the countryside level were described, and ho... Summary: Data communication and sharing of five level network of Public Health Information System, i.e. nation, province, district (city), county, and town, as far as to the countryside level were described, and how to apply the three solutions, i.e. Access VPN, Intranet VPN, and Extranet VPN of VPN technique to achieve the appropriation of the public network was also presented. 展开更多
关键词 public health information system VPN technique
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Soul-Searching on Performance of TV and Public Service Information Broadcast in Bangladesh
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作者 Md. Golam Rahman 《Journalism and Mass Communication》 2012年第6期684-690,共7页
In Bangladesh, more than a dozen of private TV channels are operating and about 10 new channels are waiting with green signal for transmission. Bangladesh Television (BTV), the only government owned and administered... In Bangladesh, more than a dozen of private TV channels are operating and about 10 new channels are waiting with green signal for transmission. Bangladesh Television (BTV), the only government owned and administered, and known as structurally a biased institution serves the audience the public service information most. At the same time it serves purposes of incumbent government. Public information (PI) broadcast means broadcasting towards public welfare which may bring about change in the betterment of life and work of people. Its main focus would be on information, education, and motivation values rather than entertainment. In case of information, dissemination, and documentation, all private TV channels in Bangladesh serve more entertainment and less public service information, whereas, BTV's focus is evident on more PI. The owners and operators of private channels think first of their business profit as well as pressure from government and political parties. During formulating planning and strategies or building program content, they become cautious as they fear that the government become angry and shut down the channel. 展开更多
关键词 public information (PI) private channel TV contents
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The NGO Relations Section of the UN Department of Public Information
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《International Understanding》 2017年第1期52-53,共2页
History The importance of working with and through NGOs as an integral part of United Nations information activities was recognized when the Department of Public Information was
关键词 NGO The NGO Relations Section of the UN Department of Public information UN
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On China's Protection of Citizens' Right to Be Informed and Construction of Government Information Publicity System
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作者 ZHAO ZHENGQUN 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2011年第2期22-26,共5页
I. The Unfolding Situation of the Philosophy of Right to Be Informed in China and Early Construction of Government Information Publicity System The origin of the thought,known as China's protection of right to be inf... I. The Unfolding Situation of the Philosophy of Right to Be Informed in China and Early Construction of Government Information Publicity System The origin of the thought,known as China's protection of right to be informed and the construction of government information publicity system 展开更多
关键词 Right to Be Informed and Construction of Government information Publicity System On China’s Protection of Citizens BE
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A survey of public needs for digital information service in libraries and museums
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作者 Ran ZHENG Ximing XIAO 《Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science》 2014年第2期55-64,共10页
Purpose:The purpose of the research is to investigate public needs for digital information service in the Chinese libraries and museums and seek ways to help these public service institutions improve their service to ... Purpose:The purpose of the research is to investigate public needs for digital information service in the Chinese libraries and museums and seek ways to help these public service institutions improve their service to meet user needs.Design/methodology/approach:An online questionnaire survey was used to study the publicneeds for digital information service provided by libraries and museums.A total of 474 valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis.Findings:The primary purpose of using the digital library and museum service was for knowledge acquisition,followed by work or class assignment and leisure and entertainment.Users need one-stop information service that provides information and service in a more integrated form and allows cross-database searching as well.Research limitations:A majority of the respondents were young and middle-aged people who often use the Internet.We would need to increase our sample size and include different groups of users such as children and retirees to make the sample more representative.Practical implications:Libraries and museums should collaborate to provide the users with one-stop digital information service.Meanwhile,the research can serve as a reference source for the future studies of digital library and museum service.Originality/value:Few studies were published on the public needs for digital library and museum service in China.This study bridges the gap and contributes to our understanding of the Chinese users’ needs for digital information service in libraries and museums. 展开更多
关键词 Public digital information service User survey Library and museum User satisfaction Integrated digital service Suggestions
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Current status and future development of Chinese Government Public Information Online
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作者 LIANG Huiwei WANG Zhigeng 《Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science》 2010年第2期79-89,共11页
Since its launch last year, the Chinese Government Public Information Online(CGPIO) platform's basic construction has developed rapidly. This paper describes the technology and service status of the platform, anal... Since its launch last year, the Chinese Government Public Information Online(CGPIO) platform's basic construction has developed rapidly. This paper describes the technology and service status of the platform, analyzes its problems, and details the future development of the alliance platform in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Government information National Library of China Chinese Government Public information Online National public library union for integration and services of government information
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Wind risk and mitigation calculator framework for determining the wind annualized risk for single- and multi-family homes to support resilient community decision-making
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作者 Ayat Al Assi Rubayet Bin Mostafiz +6 位作者 Fatemeh Orooji Arash Taghinezhad Melanie Gall Robert V.Rohli Christopher T.Emrich Carol J.Friedland Eric Johnson 《Resilient Cities and Structures》 2024年第4期21-33,共13页
Communicating risks and mitigation benefits associated with natural hazards such as wind to the general public is challenging given the location-dependency of parameters and the complexity of the problem.Web tools pla... Communicating risks and mitigation benefits associated with natural hazards such as wind to the general public is challenging given the location-dependency of parameters and the complexity of the problem.Web tools play a crucial role in educating residents,decision-makers,and stakeholders regarding potential wind hazard losses to,for example,residential buildings.However,a notable gap exists on the practical incorporation of mitigation actions within these tools.This gap hampers the collective awareness and understanding among stakeholders,communities,and citizens regarding the tangible advantages of mitigation strategies in reducing wind-related risks.Furthermore,there exists a need to elucidate the functionality and objectives of these tools in a more accessible manner.This study aims to present and outline the wind risk and mitigation calculator tool(WRMCT)within the Hazardaware platform,which is an address-based risk assessment tool.This tool,developed for 196 counties in the Gulf of Mexico coastal area,facilitates users’education of potential risks and benefits associated with mitigation strategies.WRMCT enables users to access location-specific wind risk and interactively suggests potential mitigation actions along with economic savings to support informed decisions and residential risk reduction.WRMCT intends to enhance users’ability to make informed decisions,take proactive measures in mitigating wind hazards,and contribute to the development of resilient,residential communities. 展开更多
关键词 Wind risk assessment Average annual loss(AAL) Public information technology Wind mitigation Wind loss analysis Catastrophic risk modeling Resilient communities
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Mate-choice copying: Status quo and where to go 被引量:4
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作者 Klaudia WITTE Nina KNIEL Ilka Maria KURECK 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第6期1073-1081,共9页
Mate-choice copying is a fascinating and widespread mate-choice strategy. Individuals gather public information about potential mates by observing others during sexual interactions and choose or reject the same indivi... Mate-choice copying is a fascinating and widespread mate-choice strategy. Individuals gather public information about potential mates by observing others during sexual interactions and choose or reject the same individual as a mate as the observed individual did before. The influence of copying behavior on an individual's mate choice can be so strong that socially acquired information can override genetically based preferences for certain phenotypes. Thus, mate-choice copying enforces dy- namic processes in sexual selection. Here, we review the current state of research on mate-choice copying and focus on sex-specific aspects. We present evidence that mate-choice copying can support the evolution of novel sexual ornaments, and we discuss potential costs of mate-choice copying when public information is not reliable. Moreover, we discuss the conflict faced by males that copy since mate-choice copying increases sperm competition. In conclusion we suggest interesting topics for future research in mate-choice copying . 展开更多
关键词 Mate-choice copying Public information Audience effect Sperm competition Novel ornaments
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Habitat preferences of two sparrow species are modified by abundances of other birds in an urban environment 被引量:1
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作者 Piotr SKoRKA Katarzyna S,ERPOWSKA +16 位作者 Andzelika HAIDT Lukasz MYCZKO Anna EKNER-GRZYB Zuzanna M. ROSIN Zbigniew KWlECNsKI Joanna SUCHODOLSKA Viktoria TAKACS Lukasz JANKOWIAK Oskar WASIELEWSKI Agnieszka GRACLIK Agata J. KRAWCZYK Adam KASPRZAK Przemystaw SZWAJKOWSKI Przemystaw WYLEGAlA Anna W. MALECHA Tadeusz MIZERA Piotr TRYJANOWSKI 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第4期357-368,共12页
Every species has certain habitat requirements, which may be altered by interactions with other co-occurring species. These interactions are mostly ignored in predictive models trying to identify key habitat variables... Every species has certain habitat requirements, which may be altered by interactions with other co-occurring species. These interactions are mostly ignored in predictive models trying to identify key habitat variables correlated with species population abundance/occurrence. We investigated how the structure of the urban landscape, food resources, potential competitors, predators, and interaction between these factors influence the abundance of house sparrow Passer domesticus and the tree sparrow P. montanus in sixty 25 ha plots distributed randomly across residential areas of the city of Pozna5 (Poland). The abundance of the house sparrow was positively correlated with the abundance of pigeons but negatively correlated with human-related food resources. There were significant interaction terms between abundances of other urban species and habitat variables in statistical models. For example, the abundance of house sparrow was negatively correlated with the abundance of corvids and tree sparrows but only when food resources were low. The abundance of tree sparrows positively correlated with density of streets and the distance from the city center. The abundance of this species positively correlated with the abundance of corvids when food resources were low but negatively correlated at low covers of green area. Our study indicates that associations between food resources, habitat covers, and the relative abundance of two sparrow species are altered by the abundance of other urban species. Competition, niche separation and social facilitation may be responsible for these interactive effects. Thus, biotic interactions should be included not only as an additive effect but also as an interaction term between abundance and habitat variables in statistical models predicting species abundance and occu rrence. 展开更多
关键词 landscape ecology public information spatial autocorrelatien urban ecosystems.
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