Does Margin Trading Enhance Information Efficiency of the Capital Market?——Evidence from China

On March 31,2010,China formally introduced a margin trading system,which announced that China's capital market has completed the transformation from a unilateral transaction model to a bilateral transaction model with a short-selling mechanism.However,the current development of China's margin trading and securities lending businesses is seriously unbalanced,and the scale of financing far exceeds the scale of securities lending.The short selling effect of securities lending exchanges is extremely limited,which to some extent violates the original intention of introducing the system.In order to help margin trading and securities lending to correct a healthy and sustainable development path,this article uses stock price synchronicity as a proxy indicator to measure the information efficiency of the capital market,explores the impact of the margin trading system on the information efficiency of the capital market,and study the detailed characteristics and economic consequences of the margin trading system.Aiming at this topic,this article analyzes the relationship between margin financing and securities lending and stock price synchronicity.Finally,it analyzes the influence of margin financing and securities lending system on stock price synchronicity from three dimensions of corporate governance,external supervision,and institutional environment mechanism.In terms of empirical research,this article takes advantage of the“quasi-natural experiment”provided by the gradual opening of margin trading and securities lending in China’s securities market,and selects listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2007 to 2019 as the research objects,starting from the perspective of stock price synchronicity,and passing The DID-FE model studies the impact of the margin trading and securities lending system on the information efficiency of the capital market.It uses three methods:parallel trend and dynamic testing,PSM-DID analysis,and placebo testing for robustness testing to solve the endogeneity problem of the experiment.This article also conducts deeper research on the subject based on the two dimensions of the impact mechanism of margin financing and securities lending and the size of the company,and finally discusses the economic impact of margin financing and securities lending on the level of company innovation.

Testing the Semi-strong Form Efficiency of Islamic Capital Market With Response to Information Content of Dividend Announcement： A Study in Jakarta Islamic Index

The specific concepts of Islamic capital market are based on transparency, accountability, and no asymmetric information. A capital market is said to be efficient with respect to an information item if the prices of securities fully impound the return implication of that item. This study has two main objectives. Firstly, for testing the efficiency of Islamic capital market which focuses on Jakarta Islamic Index （JII）. Secondly, by this research finding the regulator can make a good solution to create the real Islamic capital market. This study concludes that the Islamic capital market is not efficient in information. This is proved by test, where the result for both mean adjusted model and market adjusted model shows not significant, which means that the stock price that occurred has not been able to reflect a strong relationship with the real conditions that exist within the company. The second conclusion is the magnitude of abnormal return suggests that the market still has asymmetric information that will cause the occurrence of abnormal return. This is very unfortunate because Islamic capital market should be efficient in reflecting information transparency that could create a fair price in accordance with the real condition of the company＇s stock issuance.

The Information Efficiency and Functionality Efficiency of Stock Markets

The efficiency of a stock market is principally measured by its information efficiency and functionality efficiency. Both metrics are closdy related to the information of stock markets. However, there is no uniform definition of information in the economy field since researchers may have various opinions on the information of stock markets. In this research, a comparatively strict definition of information in sense of economy is presented. Based on this definition, the optimal conditions to reach the maximum information efficiency and functionality efficiency of stock markets are derived. The conclusion is, only when the market＇s operation and information transmission mechanisms are fully effective, its information completeness degree is optimal, all investors take optimal equilibrium actions, and the information efficiency and functionality efficiency of stock markets will be optimal. Based on the conclusions, the information efficiency and functionality efficiency of reality stock markets in China are studied and the corresponding supervision countermeasures are suggested.

Efficiency of Stock Exchange Markets in G7 Countries： Bootstrap Causality Approach

Market efficiency is based on efficient market hypothesis （EMH）. EMH claims that market totally contains the available information. In case of EMH, valid investors who take position will not gain abnormal profits. If the efficiency can not be established, that is, if markets are not efficient, investors will have the opportunity of abnormal profits. This paper investigates the causality relations to determine validity of EMH among G7 （Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States） countries＇ stock exchange markets for the period from July 2003 to October 2014. To find out whether the variables cause each other or not provides knowledge about the market efficiency. The implication of this analysis is twofold. One implication is that if the markets are informationally efficient, the possibility of abnormal returns through arbitrage is ruled out and investors can reduce the risk of their investment for the same expected returns, if they establish portfolios that consist of both markets rather than consisting of only one market. Based on this, Hacker-Hatemi-J. bootstrap causality test that is newer and has many advantages contrary to other tests was used. Results showed that EMH is valid among each G7 countries＇ stock exchange markets. Also portfolio diversification benefits exist among these markets.

The Identifying of the Efficient Market Portfolio

The capital-asset pricing model （CAPM） discovered by Sharp （1964）, Lintner （1965） and Mossin （1966） is a general equilibrium model. It not only allows improved understanding of market behavior, but also provides practical benefits. At the same time, it also provides a practical mechanism for evaluating performance in a risk-adjusted mode. This model thus provides the initial basis for the practical implementation of the many aspects of portfolio analysis. However, Richard Roll （1977） has directed some biting criticism at the tests in affirming the CAPM. This criticism is aimed at one of the critical notions-the identifying of the efficient market portfolio. This paper solves the highly difficult problem by a geometrical way. It first denotes the efficient frontier of Markowitz model with the weights vector of portfolio. Then, it denotes the capital market line （CML） with the weights vector too. By the definition of the CML, the efficient market portfolio thus can be identified.

Study on the Interior Market Network Structure and Its Efficiency in a Knowledge Based Company

A knowledge based company is the microcosmic foundation of the knowledge economy, the design of its organization structure should amplify the company competence to be agile to the knowledge elements. This paper expounds an interior market network structure which is fit for the company intellectual capital operation, and analyses this organization pattern about the reasons of existence, the effectiveness of growing up in scale, the economies of knowledge distribution and the efficiency of operation, and it will provide some beneficial theoretical guidance about how can a company improve its competition competence in the knowledge environment through organization innovation.

An Empirical Analysis of the Efficient Market Hypothesis in China's Stock Market

The efficient market hypothesis is one of the most important theories in finance.According to this hypothesis,in a stock market with sound laws,good functions,high transparencies,and extensive competitions,all valuable information is timely,accurately,and fully reflected in the trend of stock prices including the current and future values of enterprises.Unless there are market manipulations,it would be impossible for investors to gain more above the average profits in the market by analyzing former prices.Since the efficient market hypothesis has been introduced,it has become an interest in the empirical research of the security market.It is one of the most controversial investment theories and there are many evidences supporting and also opposing this hypothesis.Nevertheless,this hypothesis still holds an important status in the basic framework of mainstream theories in modem financial markets.By analyzing simulated investment transactions in regard to stock trading of three different enterprises,this paper verified that the efficient market hypothesis is partially valid.

市场分割、OFDI与企业资本配置效率——基于上市公司动态面板数据的分析

本文基于2007-2021年上市公司微观数据,实证检验市场分割情境下OFDI对企业资本配置效率的影响作用。结果表明:开放条件下OFDI可以显著反向调节市场分割对企业资本配置效率造成的消极影响;OFDI与贸易开放度双重叠加的反向调节效应更为凸显。分样本回归结果显示:制造业中当地生产类和商贸服务类企业回归结果与理论预期相符;相比地方国企,OFDI及其与贸易开放度的双重调节作用对民企资本配置效率的改善更为明显;相比西部地区,对东、中部地区企业资本配置效率改善的调节作用更为显著,且调节作用结果较为相近。进一步研究显示,OFDI更易于显著改善高水平TFP企业的资本配置效率。

Real estate market efficiency: Evidence from Chinese cities

The price in an efficient market can adjust to new information instantaneously to eliminate any arbitrage opportunities. Such a phenomenon is not always observed in the real estate market because of its unique characteristics, which include fixed location, heterogeneity and low transaction frequency. Using housing and office market data of some major cities in China, this paper examines the return and risk characteristics in these markets and assesses market efficiency. It finds that a number of instruments, including lagged quarterly and annual excess returns and, to some extent, the measure of the deviation of price from the intrinsic value, predict future returns. Therefore, weak form and semi-strong form efficiency can both be rejected in these real estate markets. These empirical findings suggest that there is slow price adjustment in real estate markets in China, which may be attributed to inefficient information transmission systems and long searching time in the markets.

Investor Relations （IR） in Business Communication on the Example of Poland

This paper focuses on investor relations （IR） as an element of companies＇ communication with the external environment. It shows the place and role of IR in communication with the general market, and the stock exchange market in particular. The study is illustrated with an example of IR in Poland, a relatively new European Union （EU） member state and an emerging market. As can be seen, IR goes beyond the traditionally understood maintenance of communication with the capital market. It is also shown that the main role of IR ought to be the reduction of investment risk and enhancement of the companies＇ value, which is of particular significance in light of the current globalization of capital markets. It has been found that Polish companies, especially those listed on the Warsaw Securities Exchange （WSE）, commonly rely on IR as a means of communication with the environment. And yet, as the results of the analysis show, the quality of that communication is still far from satisfactory, despite efforts undertaken by various external entities to encourage more focus on the development of IR, or understanding of the company＇s relevant staff of its important role.

金融强监管对企业风险承担的影响——来自资管新规的经验证据

在经济下行压力增大、外部环境不确定性有增无减的背景下,我国企业运营正面临着各种挑战,企业风险承担问题尤为突出。选取2011—2021年A股上市公司作为样本,以资管新规的出台作为准自然实验,检验资管新规对企业风险承担水平的影响,探究企业在金融强监管下的风险承担行为。研究发现,资管新规提升了企业的风险承担水平。经济后果检验显示,资管新规主要增加了企业的被动风险承担,加大了企业的破产风险。经调节效应分析得到,企业通过提高信息披露透明度,政府通过改善营商环境、推进资本市场开放,可以缓解在资管新规出台背景下企业风险承担提高而带来的生产经营压力。

城市信用体系建设对资本错配的改善效应

本文在测度231个地级市2016—2021年资本错配指数的基础上,运用全国城市综合信用指数实证检验城市信用体系建设对资本错配的影响效应及作用机制。研究结果显示,城市信用体系建设能够改善资本错配情况,该效应在中西部、大型以及数字经济发展水平高的城市中更加明显。机制检验结果表明,城市信用体系建设主要通过构建亲清政商关系、提升信用服务水平以及提高契约执行效率间接改善资本错配。进一步讨论发现,城市信用体系建设存在门槛效应,在政府有为程度、市场有效程度由低到高跨越一定水平后,对资本错配的改善作用将边际递增;城市信用体系建设存在空间外溢效应,能够缓解周边城市的资本错配情况。本文的研究为持续引导信用要素融入城市营商环境建设提供了经验证据。

数据要素参与对企业资本配置效率的影响研究

数据要素在产业间的深度融合将深刻改变要素市场的运行机制与逻辑。文章实证考察数据要素参与对企业资本配置效率的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:数据要素参与对制造企业资本配置效率呈现出显著的“U”型非线性影响,即当数据要素参与上升到适度阶段,其对企业资本配置效率的影响才转变为促进效应。进一步,仅从生产要素属性看,无论是国内数据要素参与还是国外数据要素参与,两者对企业资本配置效率的影响并无二致。机制检验表明,信息效应和资源效应是导致数据要素参与对企业资本配置效率产生“U”型影响的机制。其中,信息效应会同时影响“U”型关系的顶点和曲率,随着信息不对称程度增加,“U”型关系变强,并且顶点右移;而资源效应则影响“U”型关系的曲率,当企业融资约束程度较强时,“U”型关系变强。异质性分析发现,随着企业所有制类型、企业生命周期、行业要素密集度和地区市场化程度的不同,数据要素参与对资本配置效率“U”型关系拐点呈现出显著差异,民营企业、初创期企业、技术密集型行业、高市场化程度区域企业进入数据要素参与“适度区间”的阈值相对更低。

资本市场发行制度改革如何提升企业全要素生产率?——基于推行股票发行注册制的经验分析

实行股票发行注册制能够提高金融资源配置载体的有效性和资本市场价格信号的准确灵敏性,进而通过优化金融资源配置提升企业的全要素生产率。基于我国逐步推行股票发行注册制的准自然实验,采用沪深A股上市公司2016—2022年的数据进行PSM—多期DID分析,结果显示:相比采用核准制发行股票的企业,采用注册制的企业全要素生产率更高,表明实行注册制能够显著提升企业全要素生产率;实行股票发行注册制可以通过缓解企业融资约束、增加企业创新投入、提高企业投资效率等金融资源优化渠道来提升企业全要素生产率;实行股票发行注册制对非国有企业和竞争程度较高行业的企业具有更显著的全要素生产率提升作用,但注册制影响企业全要素生产率的地区异质性不显著。因此,应继续推动股票发行制度改革走深走实,以市场化、规范化、国际化改革完善资本市场运行机制,通过优化金融资源配置赋能实体经济高质量发展。

市场竞争对慈善组织运营效率的影响效果研究

选取2016—2021年慈善基金会年度报告为样本数据来源,实证研究慈善行业市场竞争对慈善组织运营效率的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示,市场竞争显著提高了慈善基金会运营效率。影响机制的检验结果表明:信息透明度、自媒体监督渠道、理事会议次数、员工专职数在其中发挥中介作用。根据上述研究结论,目前在我国吸收社会力量投资慈善组织和提升行业市场竞争度对发展我国慈善事业具有十分重要的意义。

央企母公司混改与子公司创新产出:促进还是抑制?

党的二十大报告明确提出深化国资国企改革,加快国有经济布局优化和结构调整。基于2008—2021年中国A股央企集团旗下已混改上市公司及其母公司数据,探讨了央企母公司混改对子公司创新产出的影响。研究发现,央企母公司混改促进了子公司创新产出。机制检验结果表明,母公司混改通过减少行政干预与缓解代理冲突促进了子公司创新产出。异质性分析结果显示,当地方政府放权意愿较高时,上述促进效应显著;当集团内部资本市场效率较高时,上述促进效应更明显。基于母子公司混改差异视角进一步分析发现,央企母公司混改程度低于子公司时会抑制子公司创新产出。因此,应进一步深化央企母公司混改,完善相关法规制度,促进央企混改提质增效。

MD&A纵向文本相似度与分析师盈余预测准确性

注册制下,信息的真实、准确、完整是投资者合理判断证券价值的关键,分析师在信息作用于股价这一过程中扮演着重要的信息中介角色,而年报所披露的信息对分析师盈余预测至关重要。以2012—2021年沪深A股上市公司为样本,探究了管理层讨论与分析(MD&A)纵向文本相似度对分析师盈余预测准确性的影响。研究发现,MD&A纵向文本相似度越高,分析师盈余预测准确性越低,证实了“增量信息”假说。异质性分析表明,这种影响显著存在于规模小、高科技行业、媒体关注度低的公司中,并且公司位于市场化程度低省份时受此影响更大。进一步研究发现,MD&A纵向文本相似度越高,分析师盈余预测的正向偏差越大。此外,分析师盈余预测准确性的下降会进一步降低资本市场的信息效率。因此,上市公司应重视文本信息披露,避免披露内容样板化;分析师和监管部门应加强对上市公司文本信息披露的监督,优化资本市场信息环境。

中国政府引导基金与社会资本投资效应研究

政府引导基金对于引导和撬动社会资本聚焦当地产业、引导资源和资本向区域内薄弱环节和失灵领域聚集具有积极影响。但是,政府引导基金政策目标与社会资本商业目标一定程度上存在矛盾,引起政府引导基金和社会资本利益失衡。通过研究政府引导基金和社会资本的策略选择,考虑不同因素对模型结果的影响,采用稳定性和仿真分析验证政府引导基金和社会资本的合作关系。研究显示:政府引导基金所具备各类要素资源对社会资本具有明显吸引力。同时,针对政府引导基金与社会资本之间差异化诉求引起的合作矛盾,提出合理化建议:政府引导基金通过理清行政和市场的边界、优化收益分配及奖励机制、完善绩效评价机制、统筹疫情与经济发展的关系,能够更好地发挥对社会资本的引导和撬动作用,提高资金的使用效能,对于推动经济高质量发展具有一定的参考意义。

企业数字化转型与金融市场稳定——基于尾部系统风险视角

数字化转型已成为引领企业迈向高质量发展的新动能,本文以A股上市公司为研究样本,考察企业数字化转型对尾部系统风险的非线性影响。研究发现:企业数字化转型与尾部系统风险间呈现U型关系。数字化转型通过影响信息质量和资金状况作用于个股的尾部系统风险。就信息质量而言,数字化转型与企业信息操弄程度和股价信息含量分别呈现U型和倒U型关系。就资金状况而言,数字化转型将降低企业内部现金充裕度,并增强企业金融投资趋势。此外,数字化转型对尾部系统风险的影响在有数字化研发项目、高管薪酬水平较低、财务风险水平较高、技术密集型行业以及地方金融监管强度较差的企业中更显著。本文为深化企业改革、维护金融市场稳定提供了经验证据。

资本市场开放降低了企业的融资成本吗?

不同于仅从债务或权益融资单一视角的研究,本文选取2011—2019年A股上市公司季度数据,从债务融资、权益融资及加权平均资本成本等测算企业融资成本,判别资本市场开放对企业融资成本的影响。研究发现:资本市场开放会引起企业债务融资成本上升、权益融资成本下降及加权平均资本成本上升;从信息有效性角度的进一步研究发现,提升企业信息披露质量与市场反应信息有效性能够降低资本市场开放对企业债务融资成本的正向影响,增加对权益融资成本的负向影响,并削弱对加权平均资本成本的正向影响。通过科学的理论分析,扭转了市场主体可能存在的资金供给增多会引起融资成本下降的既定认识,并为国家防范资本市场开放可能带来的风险提供了一个新视角和新思路。