Infrared-to-Visible Frequency up-Conversion in Trivalent Erbium Ions Doped Fluoride Glasses (ZnF_2-Al_F3-PbF_2-LiF)

High efficiency frequency up conversion in trivalent erbium ion doped new fluoride glass matrix (ZnF 2 AlF 3 PbF 2 LiF) was investigated. Under 950 nm laser diode excitation, the glasses gave very intense green, weak red and violet emissions. The up conversion mechanism is discussed. In addition, the infrared transmittance spectrum, the Raman spectrum and the lifetime of the trivalent erbium states in the samples were measured. The results illustrate the large potential of these new glasses for photonic applications.

Studies on the Preparation and Properties of AIF_3－based Rare Earth Fluoride Glass

AlF3-REF3-AEF2 (RE: rare earth, AE: alkali earth) system fluoride glasses were prepared by quenching melts. The glass forming region of AlF3NdF3-(Mg0.25Ca0.25Sr0.25Ba0.25) F2 system was determined. Effects of AE and RE fluoride on the glass forming ability and thermal properties of the system have been discussed. The IR cut-off wavelength of AIF3-REF3-AEF3 glass is about 7 μm. This system has many advantages, such as low refractive index, high Abbe number, high Tg and Tc-Tg values, and good chemical durability, etc. This is a kind of new excellent ultra-low loss optical fiber and IR optical material.

FLUORIDE GLASSES CONTAINING RARE EARTH

Fluoride glasses containing rare earths exhibit interesting spectroscopic properties.They have wide transmission range from 0.25μm in the UV to 7μm in the IR,allowing observation,in a vitreous material,of absorption and emission bands in a large optical range.The absorption spectra of fluoride glasses with rare earth substitutions are found to vary with the rare earth ions used.The T_g~'s for these glasses average out at 311℃.Optical properties,such as refractive indices are not obviously influenced by rare earth substitutions.

Investigation on Preparation and Fluorescence Properties of Oxy-Fluoride Glass Co-Doped with Er^(3+) and Yb^(3+)

The glass sample based on the composition of 45PbF_2-45GeO_2-10WO_3 co-doped with Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+) was prepared by the fusion method in two steps: melted at 950 ℃ for 20～25 min then annealed at 380 ℃ for 4 h. Through the V-prism it is found that the refractive index of host glass and the sample are 1.517 and 1.65 respectively. The transmittance was observed by using the ultraviolet-visible-infrared spectrometer in the wavelength range from 0.35 to 2.5μm. The transmittance of the host glass is beyond 73%. That of the sample is beyond 50% and there are characteristic absorption peaks of rare-earth ions. The emission spectrum was measured by using the Hitachi F-4500 fluorescent spectrometer pumped by 980 nm semiconductor laser. There are a strong emission peak at 530 nm and a weak peak at 650 nm.

Up-Conversion Properties of Oxy-Fluoride Glasses Co-Doped with Ho^(3+) and Yb^(3+)

Oxy-fluoride glasses with composition of 25SiO2-65PbF2-9.4AlF3-0.1HoF3-0.5YbF3 were prepared. Their up-conversion fluorescence characteristics were investigated by 980 nm laser. Two emission peaks were observed at 540 and 650 nm. The up-conversion mechanism and processes were analyzed. The relationship between pumping power and relative intensity of emissions was discussed. From the dependence, it is known that the emissions centered at 540 and 650 nm are both attributed to two-photon process.

Mid-infrared luminescence of Dy^(3+)-doped Ga_2S_3–Sb_2S_3–CsI chalcohalide glasses

The mid-infrared （MIR） luminescent properties of Dy3＋ ions in a new chalcohalide glass host, Ga2S3-Sb2S3-CsI, are investigated; and the suitability of the doped glass for MIR fiber lasers is evaluated. The Dy3＋-doped chalcohalide glasses exhibit good thermal stability and intense MIR emissions around 2.96 μm and 4.41 μm. These emissions show quantum efficiencies （η） as high as ～ 60%, and have relatively large stimulated emission cross sections （σem）. The low phonon energy （～ 307 cm-1） of the host glass accounts for the intense MIR emissions, as well as the high η. These favorable thermal and emission properties make the Dy3＋-doped Ga2S3-Sb2S3-CsI glasses promising materials for MIR fiber amplifiers or lasers.

Experimental and numerical investigation of mid-infrared laser in Pr^(3+)-doped chalcogenide fiber

We report on a chalcogenide glass fiber doped with Pr^(3+) that can be used for commercialized 1.5-μm and 2-μm laser excitations by emitting broadband 3 μm–5.5 μm fluorescence, which is extruded into a preform and then drawn into a step-index fiber. The spectroscopic properties of the fiber and glass are reported, and the mid-infrared fiber lasers are also numerically investigated. Cascade lasing is employed to increase the inversion population of the upper laser level. The particle swarm approach is applied to optimize the fiber laser parameters. The output power can reach 1.28 W at 4.89-μm wavelength, with a pump power of 5 W, excitation wavelength at 2.04 μm, Pr^(3+) ion concentration at 4.22 × 10^(25) ions/m^3,fiber length at 0.94 m, and fiber background loss at 3 dB/m.

Magnetism, Electronic Transport and Infrared Absorption Spectra in Perovskite Manganite La_(0.67-x)Dy_xCa_(0.33)MnO_3 (x=0～0.6)

Polycrystalline samples La0.67-xDyxCa0.3MnO3 (x=0～0.6) were prepared by traditional solid-state reaction method. The magnetization and resistivity of the samples were measured by PPMS (Quantum Design). The infrared absorption spectra (temperature scope: 20～300 K, frequency: 400～4400 cm-1) were collected by WQF-410 Fourier Transform Spectrophotometer. The substitution of Dy on La sites results in a decrease of the Curie temperature Tc and the magnetization, and also induces cluster-glass behaviors. The resistivity of the compounds is enhanced by Dy doped. Infrared absorption spectra provide the evidence of the variety of Mn-O-Mn bond length due to the Dy substitution and temperature changing. These results suggest that all of the magnetic coupling between Dy and Mn sublattice and La-Dy average ionic radius contribute to the magnetic and electronic character.

Recent progress on upconversion luminescence enhancement in rare-earth doped transparent glass-ceramics

The upconversion（UC） of the rare earth doped glass-ceramics has been extensively investigated due to their potential applications in many fields, such as color display, high density memories, optical data storage, sensor and energy solar cell, etc. Many series of them, especially the oxyfluorides glasses containing Ba2 LaF 7 nanocrystals were studied in this review work, due to the thermal and mechanical toughness, high optical transmittance from the ultraviolet to the infrared regions, and a low nonlinear refractive index compared to the other commercial laser glasses. Moreover, the energy transfer（ET） between the rare earth ions and transition metals plays an important role in the upconversion process. The cooperative ET has been researched very activly in UC glasses due to applications in the fields of solar cells, such as in the Er/Yb, Tm/Yb, Tb/Yb, Tb/Er/Yb and Tm/Er/Yb couples. The present article reviews on the recent progress made on：（i） upconversion materials with fluoride microcrystals in glasses and the mechanisms involved, including the UC in double and tri-dopant RE ions activated fluoride microcrystal, energy transfer process; and（ii） the effect of the metal Mn and nanoparticles of Au, Ag, Cu on the enhancement of UC emissions. Discussions have also been made on materials, material synthesis, the structural and emission properties of glass-ceramics. Additionally, the conversion efficiency is still a challenge for the spectra conversion materials and application; challenge and future advances have also been demonstrated.

Comparative study of Sm^(3+) ions doped phosphate based oxide and oxy-fluoride glasses for solid state lighting applications

The physical and luminescent properties of Sm^(3+)-doped oxide and oxy-fluoride phosphate glasses were investigated. The glass samples with chemical composition of 69 P_2 O_5-10 BaO-10 ZnO-10 Gd_2 O_3-1 Sm_2 O_3 and 69 P_2 O_5-10 BaO-10 ZnO-10 GdF_3-1 Sm_2 O_3 were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. The prepared glass samples were characterized with density, molar volume, refractive index,FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR, photo luminesce nce, radio luminescence, decay time profile and CIE diagram. The density and refractive index of the oxide glass have higher values as compared to the oxy-fluoride glass.The FTIR spectra show the reduction of O-H group in oxy-fluoride glass. The characteristic peaks of Sm^(3+)are observed at 360,372,402,438,419,473,944,1077,1227,1373,1474,1529 and 1585 nm in UV-VIS-NIR spectra. These peaks are related respectively to the transitions from ground state ~6 H_(5/2) to ~4 D_(3/2), ~6 P_(7/2),6 P3/2, ~4 I_(11/2), ~6 F_(11/2), ~6 F_(9/2), ~6 F_(7/2),~6 F_(5/2),~6 F_(3/2), ~6 H_(15/2) and ~6 F_(1/2) excited states. From photoluminescence and radio-luminesce nce it is observed that the oxy-fluoride glass samples show better emission intensity than the oxide glass. The Judd-Ofelt theory(J-0 theory) was used to find J-O intensity Ω_λ(λ = 2,4 and 6)parameters and radiative properties such as transition probability, stimulated emission cross section and branching ratios for titled glasses. The trend observed in the J-O parameters is Ω_4 >Ω_2 >Ω_6. The transition probability,emission cross section and branching ratio have the highest values for the ~4 G_(5/2)→~6 H_(7/2)transition. The CIE coordinates of the prepared glass samples are positioned in the orange region and the CCT value is 3776.105 for oxide and oxyfluoride glass. The oxy-fluoride glass has shorter decay time as compared to the oxide glass and it is recorded to be 1.62 and 1.32 ms for oxide and oxy-fluoride respectively. According to the results obtained in this work, it is obvious that these glass samples can be good candidate materials for producing cool orange light.

Silver nanoparticles enhanced near-infrared luminescence of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped multicomponent phosphate glasses

A new way to improve the 1.53μm emission in Er3＋/Yb3＋ co-doped multicomponent phosphate glass was demonstrated by introducing silver nanoparticles （NPs） in rare-earth doped glass. The existence of Ag NPs was confirmed by absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） measurements. The homogeneous distribution of silver NPs could be observed by the TEM images. UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra revealed that the surface plasmon band was centered at about 420 nm. The photoluminescence spectra of glass samples were used to investigate the effect of silver NPs on the fluorescence properties of Er3＋. Efficient 1.53μm emis-sion was obtained in prepared samples when pumped at 980 nm laser diode （LD）. The 1.53μm emission intensity could be enhanced 87% by doping 2 mol.% AgCl due to the increased localized field effect in the vicinity of NPs and the possible energy transfer from silver NPs to Er3＋ions. Our present work may point out one way to enhance the gain coefficient of Er3＋/Yb3＋ co-doped glass fiber.

Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)共掺杂AlF_3基氟化物玻璃材料的频率上转换

Er3+ /Yb3+ 共掺杂的AlF3基氟化物玻璃材料ABCY的制备及其上转换荧光性质。样品的组分为 40AlF3 2 0BaF2 2 0CaF2 (2 0 2x 2y)YF3 xEr2 O3 yYb2 O3。在 95 0nm连续LD激发下 ,观察到该材料很强的绿色上转换发光 ,研究了该体系的上转换机理 ,认为Yb3+ 和Er3+ 之间的APTE效应是最主要的上转换途径。解释了红、绿色上转换荧光强度比值增大的现象 ,指出了可能的交叉弛豫过程。用公式y =a(x -x0 ) n 对上转换荧光强度与LD工作电流的关系进行拟合 ,得到的结果与理论值很好地一致。

CaF_2对CaO-CaF_2-B_2O_3-SiO_2:Sm_2O_3玻璃的光致发光增强效应

用高温熔融法制备了掺杂Sm_2O_3的CaO-CaF_2-B_2O_3-SiO_2(CFBS:Sm)发光玻璃材料,并借助X射线衍射(XRD)谱、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱以及光致发光(PL)光谱等分析手段研究了玻璃基体中CaF_2的摩尔分数及其结构、红外透过性能以及荧光性能的关系.XRD和FTIR测试表明,玻璃基体中引入CaF_2并未引起非晶结构的变化但其红外透过峰发生移动.光谱学测试表明,CFBS:Sm发光玻璃在404 nm波长激发下出现对应于Sm^(3+)离子位于566、603和650 nm的特征荧光峰,其发光颜色为橙红色(x=0.531,y=0.371).此外,随着玻璃基体中CaF_2摩尔分数的增加,CFBS:Sm发光玻璃的荧光发射强度、荧光寿命(Sm^(3+)的~4G_(5/2)能级)和荧光量子效率也表现出增大的趋势.这种CFBS:Sm发光玻璃中荧光发射强度和荧光寿命的提高主要是由于玻璃基体中的CaF_2替代CaO引起基体相互作用和声子能量降低、无辐射跃迁减弱造成的.

微乳液法制备YF_3∶Er纳米材料

Er-doped YF3 nanoparticles were prepared from quaternary microemulsions of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide,n-butanol,n-octane and water with oil to water(mass percent of ω(CTAB)=19.04%,ω(n-butanol)=15.24%,ω(n-octane)=51.40%. The nanofluorides were characterized by X-ray power diffraction and infrared fluorescence spectroscopy. The results of XRD are in agreement with the PDF#74-911 of YF3. The average grain size is about 30 nanometer as estimated by Scherrer Formula. ESEM images show that the diameter of BaF2∶Er3+ nanoparticles is 35 nm. The emission of infrared fluorescence spectroscopy of the predominant peak is located at 1547 nm and the up-conversion optical properties measured with 980 nm laser diode show red and green emissions.

一种新型中红外材料及其隐身功能研究

随着红外技术与光电对抗技术的不断发展,对红外窗口的雷达隐身性能提出了很高的要求。介绍了一种中红外光学玻璃——氟镓酸盐玻璃IRG-05,以IRG-05为基质成功研制出了具有雷达隐身功能的中红外功能材料。与以往采用镀膜-刻蚀技术在表面制备周期性的金属网栅而实现的隐身功能的红外材料相比,这种雷达隐身红外材料在3～5μm波段有着更高的红外透过率和更加稳定的金属网栅。对红外晶体与红外玻璃直接复合以及由超强超快激光诱导实现的雷达隐身中红外材料的研制进行了展望。

掺稀土氟化物玻璃上转换发光材料发展概况

和传统的氧化物玻璃相比,氟化物玻璃具有声子能量低的特点,因此无辐射跃迁几率小,上转换量子效率高,使得掺稀土离子的氟化物玻璃具有高的发光效率。且稀土离子的能级在氟化物玻璃中具有较长的寿命,形成更多的介稳能级,有丰富的激光跃迁。利用稀土离子在氟化物光纤中的上转换特性,可以获得性能优良的光纤激光器。本文简述了掺稀土氟化物玻璃上转换激光材料的发光机理和研究进展。

氟化物玻璃Yb^(3+)敏化稀土离子的上转换发光

研究了氟化物玻璃中 Ｙｂ３ ＋ 敏化 Ｐｒ３ ＋ 、 Ｔｍ ３ ＋ 、 Ｅｒ３ ＋ 或 Ｈｏ３ ＋ 产生的上转换发光． 在波长为８８０ｎｍ光的激发下， Ｙｂ３ ＋ 敏化 Ｐｒ３ ＋ 产生波长为４８２ ，５２０ ，５２９ ，６０５ 和６３５ｎｍ 的荧光． 用波长为９７０ｎｍ 的光激发，在 Ｙｂ３ ＋ 敏化作用下， Ｔｍ３ ＋ 产生波长为４７８ ， ６４９ 和７９３ｎｍ 的上转换发光； Ｅｒ３ ＋ 产生波长为５４７ 和５２５ｎｍ 的绿光； Ｈｏ３ ＋ 产生５４３ｎｍ

透红外含碲氟铝基玻璃的激光损伤阈值

在氟铝酸盐玻璃组分中加入适量声子能量低的重金属氧化物TeO2,得到一种新的氧氟化物玻璃。该材料具有良好的成玻璃性能,适合制作大尺寸红外窗口镜。研究了TeO2含量对玻璃特征温度、阿贝数和红外透过性能的影响。同时测试了这种玻璃的抗DF激光能力,结果表明:TeO2含量为15%的玻璃,DF激光破坏阈值达14.95 kW.cm-2。分析显示,由于玻璃基质的多声子吸收,对激光能量的吸收而引起的热冲击是导致玻璃破坏的主要原因。进一步降低玻璃中水分,可以提高玻璃抗激光破坏性能。

TeO_2-AlF_3氟碲酸盐玻璃的性质和结构(英文)

制备了不同氟化物含量的(1-x)TeO2-xAlF3(x=10%,20%,30%,按摩尔计)透明氟碲酸盐玻璃.利用差热分析和Raman光谱对玻璃的性质和结构进行研究.结果显示:当x达到30%时,氟化铝以Al-F多面体的形式进入玻璃网络结构.随着氟化物含量增加,玻璃在中红外区的透过率提高,玻璃结构单元从[Te(O,F)4]三方双锥向[Te(O,F)3]三方锥转变.Raman光谱显示:1个宽的强峰出现在750～840 cm-1,表明玻璃中Te-O键长介于0.185～0.196 nm之间.

Er^(3+)掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃的近红外发射特性研究

利用高温熔融法合成了掺Er3+硼硅酸盐玻璃。测量了样品的吸收光谱,由J-O理论得到了强度参数Ωλ(λ=2,4,6)及一些相关参数。用970nm光激发测量了10～300K之间的近红外发射光谱。利用McCumber理论拟合得到了1.53μm发射的受激发射截面,并与测量得到的发射光谱线形符合较好。由受激发射截面和发射光谱得到的半高全宽分别为59和56nm。利用能级简化模型讨论了样品的红外变温发射光谱,提出了增大1.53μm发射带宽的途径。