Cross-interference correction and simultaneous multi-gas analysis based on infrared absorption

In this paper, we present simultaneous multiple pollutant gases （CO2, CO, and NO） measurements by using the non-dispersive infrared （NDIR） technique. A cross-correlation correction method is proposed and used to correct the cross-interferences among the target gases. The calculation of calibration curves is based on least-square fittings with third-order polynomials, and the interference functions are approximated by linear curves. The pure absorbance of each gas is obtained by solving three simultaneous equations using the fitted interference functions. Through the interference correction, the signal created at each filter channel only depends on the absorption of the intended gas. Gas mixture samples with different concentrations of CO2, CO, and NO are pumped into the sample cell for analysis. The results show that the measurement error of each gas is less than 4.5%.

The role of fluid polarity in the swelling of sodium-montmorillonite clay:A molecular dynamics and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study

Swelling clays are found extensively in various parts of the world, and sodium-montmorillonite(NaMMT) is the main constituent of an expansive clay mineral. In this work, the swelling behavior of NaMMT clay with a wide range of organic fluids, high polar through low polar fluids, is studied using a combination of Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) technique and molecular dynamics(MD) simulations.The construction of the representative clayefluid models is carried out, and the nature of nonbonded interactions between clay and fluids is studied using MD. Our FTIR and MD simulations results suggest the significant nonbonded interactions between Na-MMT clay and polar fluids, such as formamide and water. The nonbonded interactions of Na-MMT with methanol and acetone are significantly less than those in Na-MMT with polar fluids. The interactions of the fluids with various entities of the clay such as Sie O, Fee OH, Mge OH, and Ale OH captured via the spectroscopy experiments and modeling provide a finer understanding of the interactions and their contributions to swelling. The MD simulations are able to capture the band shifts observed in the spectra obtained in the spectroscopy experiments. This work also captures the conformations of interlayer sodium ions with formamide, water, methanol, and acetone during swelling. These nonbonded interactions provide insight into the molecular mechanism that the polarity of fluids plays an important role in the initiation of interlayer swelling, alteration in the orientations, and evolution of microstructure of swelling clays at the molecular scale.

Detection of Thermophysical Properties for High Strength Concrete after Exposure to High Temperature

Using the detection principle of infrared thermal imaging technique and the detection principle of DRH thermal conductivity tester laboratory,we investigated the infrared thermal image inspection,coefficient of thermal conductivity,apparent density,and compressive strength test on C80 high-strength concrete（HSC） in the presence and absence of polypropylene fibers under completely heated conditions.Only slight damages were detected below 400 ℃,whereas more and more severe deterioration events were expected when the temperature was above 500 ℃.The results show that the elevated temperature through infrared images generally exhibits an upward trend with increasing temperature,while the coefficient of thermal conductivity and apparent density decrease gradually.Additionally,the addition of polypropylene fibers with appropriate length,diameter,and quantity contributes to the improvement of the high-temperature resistance of HSC.

Correlation of the Cerebral Microvascular Blood Flow with Brain Temperature and Electro-Acupuncture Stimulation

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the temperature and the microvascular blood flow of the cerebral cortex, and the influence of electro-acupuncture (EA) on the cortical microcirculation. Methods: High temperature spots on the anterior ectosylvian and low temperature spots on the posterior suprasylvian on the cortical surface of 20 cats were identified using cortical infrared thermography (CIT); the blood flow in the microcirculation on these spots was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. EA was given at Zusanli (ST 36) and changes in the blood flow in the cerebral cortex microcirculation were detected. Results: 1) The mean temperatures on the high (34.83±0.24°C) and low (32.28±0.27°C) temperature spots were significantly different (P<0.001); this was indicative of a temperature difference on the cortical surface; 2) The average blood flow in the microcirculation of the high (266.8±19.2 PU) and low (140.8±9.9 PU) temperature spots was significantly different (P<0.001). 3) On the cortical high temperature spots, the mean blood flow in the microcirculation significantly increased from 266.8±86.8 PU before EA, to 422.5±47.4 PU following 5 minutes of EA (58.35%; P<0.01), and 431.8±52.8 PU 5 minutes after ceasing EA (61.84%; P<0.01). 4) On the low temperature spots, there were no significant differences in blood flow following 5 minutes of EA (146.3±11.5 PU), and 5 minutes after ceasing EA (140.5±11.6 PU), when compared with that before acupuncture (140.8±9.9 PU; P>0.9). Conclusion: The high temperature spots of the cortex are active functional regions of neurons with higher blood flow and a stronger response to EA. EA induces a significant increase in blood flow in the high temperature spots of the cortex.