Research on Current Status and Development of Urban Wetland Park

This paper summarized the theory and research progress of urban wetland park and elaborated development status of urban wetland park construction at home and abroad,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wetland park.In 1970s,some developed countries began to focus on restoration and construction of ecological environment in wetland and restoration work of habitats,with the sustainable development as the goal,a complete theoretical system was formed initially.But domestic theory research of wetland was relatively weak,and wetland restoration and wetland protection policies,etc.are relatively backward.This paper elaborated current situation of construction and development of urban wetland park,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wetland park,which mainly showed in the following aspects:blindly following suit without full scientific verification,unreasonable selecting of lands,unreasonable management system,inadequate policy and regulations,and lack of a huge human resources and mature technologies.This paper also put forward several guidance recommendations for existed problems of domestic urban wetlands from the ecological point of view,including giving primary importance to the protection of ecological environment of water in urban wetland park,and treating fouling species correctly.

Construction of Artificial Wetlands and Ecotourism Resource Development in Jilin City

Definition of artificial wetlands or construction background and significance of artificial wetlands in Jilin City were introduced in this study,while characteristics of wetland tourist resources and advantages of ecotourism development in Jilin City were also analyzed,which put forward measures to develop artificial wetland ecotourism resources in Jilin City.

How Users Perceive Infrastructure Development Affects Their Transport Mode Choice

Transport infrastructure development and perception vary across and within countries, influencing mode choice among road users. This study explores how road users perceive the development of infrastructure modes, service attributes, embedded safety levels, and commuting modes. Additionally, the research examines whether participants’ environmental backgrounds impact their mode choice patterns. The study gathered responses from 1169 participants residing in two regions of Amman, Jordan, each with distinct infrastructure development and population densities. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire, and several statistical techniques were employed for analysis. The findings revealed that facilities’ infrastructure attributes, development, and safety were assessed using three indices. Both participant groups perceived these indices differently on average. Residents of low population density areas with relatively developed infrastructure showed more consistent assessments, irrespective of their most frequently used mode of transportation, tending towards lower scores. Interestingly, subjective ratings of infrastructure development were higher (4.96) than attribute-based ratings (4.32). Despite their generally low-quality perception, public transportation services received the highest appraisal (4.9). Conversely, pedestrian infrastructure complementing public transport received the lowest assessment (4.57), only slightly higher than street environments (4.59). The study found weak associations between subjective service characteristics ratings. Traveler and trip characteristics influenced mode choice and trips more than infrastructure perception. In conclusion, the study suggests that policies should be developed to encourage green transportation, ensure social equality and safety. In addition, the study contributes to understanding perceptions about transport infrastructure, modes of transportation, and the factors that influence sustainable and equitable transportation systems.

Harmonious Development of Utilization and Protection of Tidal Flats and Wetlands-A Case Study in Shanghai Area

Spatial, environmental, and material resources are important for tidal flats and wetlands, thus, a harmonious balance between utilization and protection should be maintained. In the present study, the concept of tidal flat is defined, and its spatial limitation is also clarified. Located at the Yangtze Estuary, tidal flats in Shanghai area are selected for study. The relationship between water discharge and sediment transport of the Yangtze River, allowed exploration intensity and needs for wetland protection are discussed in the paper. The dynamic process and changing trend for different types of tidal flats are illustrated in detail. Regulations are proposed for a reasonable exploitation, dynamic protection, and ecosystem restoration of each individual tidal fiat and wetland. Some valuable suggestions are put forward for further study about the sustain＇able exploitation of offshore resources in Shanghai area.

STUDY ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WETLAND RESOURCES IN THE USSURI /WUSULI RIVER BASIN

The Ussuri/Wusuli River basin joins the border between the Northeast region of Heilongjiang Province of China and the Far East region of Russia. The watershed consists of approximately 26 000 000 ha and the shared border stretches more than 1100 km. The Ussuri River forms part of the border between Russia and China. Two thirds of the watershed ecosystem is in Russia, one third in China. Khanka / Xingkai Lake is the border Lake of Russia and China, with the area of 4380 km2. The Ussuri / Wusuli River Basin is rich in wetland resources, including surface water resources and wetlands. There are about more than 100 rivers belonging to one and two branch rivers, wetlands are mainly distributed in the Sanjiang Plain in China, which is the largest marsh area in China, with an area of 114 million ha. Human activities and agriculture reclamation for many years have led to many environment problems: 1)decreasing of wetland area led to loss of wetland environment functions, decreasing of biodiversity and increasing the number of natural disasters such as disastrous drought and waterlogging, which affect directly sustainable utilization of resources and economical development. 2) water supply is not evenly distributed, water pollution in rivers, marshes and lakes are more serious than before. Based on above study, some suggests of sustainable development in the basin have been made, which include: 1) developing the international wetland natural reserve and domestic comprehensive protected area to prevent wetlands from destruction and disturbance by human activities, 2) strengthening the protection and management of wetlands in lake shorelines and riparian zones (rivers and streams) to prevent water quality of rivers and lakes from pollution, 3) restoring the destroyed marsh in riparian zones and the  island like forests" of wetlands 4) developing positively transnational ecological tourist trade to promote the economic development in the river basin scope, 5) developing international cooperation research to promote sustainable utilization and protection of wetland resources.

Application of Participatory Development Theory in Wetland Ecotourism Initiatives——A Case Study of Baiyangdian in Anxin of Hebei Province

As one of the few ecological wetlands in North China,Baiyangdian bears multiple important ecological functions,including ①adjusting the ecological balance of North China;②safeguarding the downstream areas,especially Tianjin City,the Beijing-Shanghai Railway and Huabei Oil Field;③serving as the reservoir for the North-to-South Water Diversion Project and the emergent use of water for Beijing;④conserving biodiversity.Wetland ecotourism is a scientific and wise use pattern for wetland resources,through which,a source of financing is provided for wetland conservation,economic alternatives are generated for local people to reduce overexploitation on wetland resources and the public awareness of environmental protection is enhanced.Since wetland ecotourism can benefit the co-existence between human and nature and promote social equity between people,it enjoys broad promise for popularization and implementation.The proactive cooperation and sound interaction between main stakeholders,and the wide participation of the community residents,will guarantee the sustainable development of wetland ecotourism.Based on the analysis of current status of participation and interactive relationships of the main stakeholders in Baiyangdian tourism,this article made an attempt to apply the theory of participatory development to the ecotourism initiatives of Baiyangdian wetland,discussed and brought forward the countermeasures to improve community participation in wetland ecotourism under the guidance of this theory.

A Study in Multistage Decision Making for Odisha State Avionic Infrastructure Development

Multistage decision making is either under certainty or uncertainty data conditions. Expected monetary values’ perfect information and monetary loss or gain at each stage of decision making are the research topics of a constrained decision making under risk. In the multistage decision making process, one stage’s decision interferes with the subsequent stage’s decision. In this paper, a simple study on decision making for creating Avionic infrastructure within the Odisha region is emphasized by using the mathematical logic tool on a case study problem. In this case study, the first stage D1 has two options, either construct or not construct new airports with utilizing the budgeted allot money. Each option’s outcome probability, conditional value and expected outcome value are determined by applying arithmetic and logical calculations to next two stages D2 and D3. The expected value and percentage of returns are mentioned in the decision trees designed in Section 3. The nodes of the decision tree are stages or chance nodes and the arc lines’ labels are mentioned from the appropriate expressions written in the decision tree and chance nodes table mentioned in Section 4.

Application of Urban Green Stormwater Infrastructure in Wetland Park Construction

The positive role of urban green stormwater infrastructure(GIS)and wetland park construction in the process of“sponge city”construction is analyzed by expounding the connotation and problems of“sponge city”construction.Through the analysis of relevant cases,the realization approaches of combing different types of GIS with wetland park landscape design are interpreted,and it is pointed out that different types of GIS can guide the further practice of“sponge city”construction.

STUDY ON WETLAND BIODIVERSITY IN CHINA

Wetland biodiversity means mainly the types of wetland ecosystem and biological species diversity.Biodiversity includes all species of plants,animals and microbes,all gene possessed by them and all ecosystems consisting of them and environment.According to the origin and genesis,China's wetlands can be divided into natural wetland ecosystems including mires,lakeshores,bottomland,seashore,wet meadow,etc.,and artificial wetland ecosystem including paddy field.Then based on geomorphological type,these ecosystems can be divided into 15 subsystems,then based on soil substrata and ecological niche conditions,they can be subdivided into 15 classes,finally according to construction species of plants,several types can be divided into.They are not only the expression of ecosystem diversity,but also the base for biological communities subsistence.This peculiar ecological niche provides a complex and perfect special habitat for various animal and plant communities.In this special habitat,there exist various biological types from monomolecular microbes to higher plants and animals, especially some endangered and rare plants and animals.According to the statistics,there are more than 300 species of birds in China's wetlands,making up one-third of the total number of China's birds.Wetlands not only the goodplace for waterbirds living, but also the important environment on which wild animals and plant rely for existence. There are 65 species of mammals,50 species of reptiles,45 species of amphibious animals, 1040 species of fish, 825 species of higher plants, 639 species of angiosperm,10 species of gymnosperm, 12 species of pteridophyte and 164 species of bryophyte investigated in China's wetlands.

Institution, Legislation and Policy Analysis of China’s Wetland Protection

Wetland protection is a complex issue. In the executive system of wetland preservation, the central government is the main body of policy formulation and implementation. Although China has taken many steps to protect wetlands, there are still some institutional, legal and policy problems in the area of wetland protection. This article presents an analysis of these factors. First, the authors state and analyze the major legal and management problems currently hampering wetland protection in China. Then the authors believe that in the future, new problems of wetland protection will arise. Given the following three major aspects of wetland protection in China： i.e., the policy, law and management systems, this article provides some relevant suggestions in the area of policies and management.

A SIMULATION STUDY ON THE SHRUNK WETLAND AROUND QINGHAI LAKE AND REGIONAL CLIMATE

Because of the increasing concerns about global climate change, it has been known by more and more peoples that there is a close relationship between wetland and/or peatland resources and climate change. This paper presents a new methodology to study the local climate variation caused by wetland shrinking around Qinghai Lake, the largest in-land salty lake in China, by use of a regional climate model (RCM) that commonly used in climate change study. The objective focuses on the regional climate effect of the shrunk wetland coverage in recent years. The results of numerical experiment showed that if the wetland coverage around Qinhai Lake were recovered as if in early 50s of last century, the regional climate in this area could be better with more cloud covers, higher relative humidity and more precipitation. In the other word, the area of wetland reduced is one of the most important reasons that caused regional climate aridification, eco-environmental deterioration and even desertification around Qinhai Lake.

Energy and Emergy Analysis to Evaluate Sustainability of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants: Application to a Constructed Wetland and a Sequencing Batch Reactor

The aim of this study is to assess the sustainability of two wastewater treatment systems by energy and emergy analyses. The first system is a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) which is a concrete and electricity dependent intensive process. The second is a constructed wetland, usually considered as an extensive process. The two studied facilities have similar treatment capacity and removal efficiencies. This study sheds new light on the comparison of wastewater treatment plants. We defined a new unit, the “Functional Efficiency Index” (or FEI) to describe the energetic efficiency of the facilities, expressed in kJ per year and per kg of removed COD. The energy analysis showed that, after its construction, the constructed wetland system uses only renewable energy, in marked contrast to the SBR, totally dependent on electricity which is considered here as a non renewable. The emergy analysis showed no significant differences between the two processes, but energy and emergy indices are in favour of the constructed wetland process and thus confirm its sustainability.

Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of the New Infrastructure Construction Development Potential in China

With the advent of the era of big data and artificial intelligence, new infrastructure construction(NIC) has attracted the attention of many countries. The development of NIC provides an opportunity to bridge the digital divide and narrow the regional gap,providing continuous impetus to further promote economic development. Here, we considered 31 provincial-level administrative units in China(not including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan of China due to data unavailable) and established comprehensive evaluation indicators for the development potential of NIC. Afterward, we used the entropy-weight TOPSIS model to determine the development potential of NIC and analyze its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. Furthermore, the GeoDetector model was applied to explore the driving mechanism of the NIC development potential. The conclusions were as follows: (1) The Chinese NIC development potential is generally low. The eastern China was the region with the highest development potential year by year, while the development potential in the central China was found to be in an accelerating phase. (2) The evolution of the Chinese NIC development potential’s spatial pattern has been characterized by an inland extension and coastal agglomeration. Moreover, we identified a superior development zone, a rising development zone, an inferior development zone, and a declining development zone. (3) The scope of Chinese NIC development potential agglomeration areas has gradually expanded and its degree has gradually deepened. The range of high-value agglomeration in eastern area gradually expanded and its degree gradually deepened. (4) Investment in innovative talents appears as the core factor affecting the Chinese NIC development potential. Whether acting alone or synergistically with other factors, its promoting effect on Chinese NIC development potential is the strongest.

THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION OF WETLANDS IN THE FOUR LAKE AREA OF JIANGHAN PLAIN

This paper summaries the ecological and environmental research works in the Four Lake Area. A great deal of research and developing works have been done, which may be concluded into three kinds of models for a agricultural development. They are Model Ⅰ-d

Wetland Ecosystem Function Assessment and The Sustainable Development in Jianghan Plain- Lake District of China

Wetlands in Jianghan plain lake district fulfill many uses and functions related to hydrology, waste assimilation, ecosystem productivity and bio diversity. But human incorrect activities generally result in significant negative impacts on number, biodiversity, and functioning of wetlands. In order to put wetland resources to rational use and protect wetland ecological environment, some effective measures should be taken.

Sustainable Development in the Context of Major Infrastructure Projects in United Kingdom

The present paper is aimed at reviewing sustainable development and sustainability approach for infrastructure projects in the United Kingdom. It is imperative that major infrastructure projects (MIPs) adhere to the principles of sustainable development in order to promote sustainability. This requires identifying sustainable strategies that are capable of serving as a guide to inculcating sustainability into major infrastructural projects. The current paper examines ways of inculcating sustainability into infrastructure projects bearing in mind that construction, maintenance and the way we use facilities have significant impacts on the environment. In addition to the fact that, decision making tools on methods of inculcating sustainability into infrastructure project appear too complex to stakeholders;and in most cases they do not provide stakeholders the necessary information required to make a good judgement. Hence, the present paper relies on desk study to gather existing data on infrastructure project and sustainable development. Existing data are obtained from books, scholarly articles and the WebPages of municipal authorities in the UK. Amongst other findings, the paper reveals that the utilization of environmental impact statements and environmental assessment documents at the formative stage of projects will aid the assessment of the level of sustainability to be achieved in any infrastructure development.

Facilitative Institutional Infrastructure to Optimise Productive Participation of Rural People in Local Development Processes: South Africa

Pervasive low levels of education and weak civil society activism in poor rural communities are cited as constraining factors for participatory development (PD), resulting in technical capacity for participation being skewed against the community participants. This paper highlights the outcomes of a research study that examined the applicability of the participatory development concept in conditions characterised by low levels of education and weak civil society. The research was undertaken in two rural villages in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, utilising both quantitative and qualitative approaches entailing interviews with 18 key informants followed by two focus group discussions each with seven participants respectively. The research found that rural communities were not aware of the government policy placing people participation at the centre of rural development interventions;and that they would not support it as they believed it was government's role to champion their development. The research also found that the government officials that lead the implementation effort of the rural development programmes did not believe that the participation policy was practical, citing capacity limitations among rural communities. The researcher recommends a moderated rural people participation process, which features creation of a facilitative institutional infrastructure to optimise productive participation of rural people in local development processes.

International Telecommunication Union Standardization for Trust Provisioning in Information, Communication and Technology Infrastructure toward Achieving United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals

The advancement of the fourth industrial revolution has shaped the integration and interaction of different information, communication and technologies (ICTs) in the merging cyber, physical, and social infrastructures. The impact of ICT has accelerated the progress of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and influenced the evolution of smart, sustainable, stable society development. Making the trustworthy information and communication technologies infrastructure widely available will promote the community innovation needed to stimulate domestic economics, provide decent work, and reduce inequalities. This article attempts to outline a big picture about the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)’s trust provisioning framework, including its motivation, current status, and application for achieving the UN SDGs by 2030. This article first describes the purpose of the UN SDGs and the evolution of the industrial revolution, then demonstrates the challenges of global risks affecting the fourth industrial revolution and the need for trustworthy ICT infrastructures. Subsequently, the article evaluates the ITU trust provisioning framework and assesses its applications in the future knowledge society, trust provisioning ecosystem, and cyber, physical, and social infrastructure toward achieving UN SDGs. Use cases are also presented in this article to show the effectiveness of the ITU trust provisioning framework on achieving UN SDGs.

Study on the coordinated development of the rural infrastructure and the rural economy

Through the construction of the comprehensive evaluation index system and the coordination degree model of the rural in- frastructure and the rural economic development level, the author carries out an empirical analysis on the rural infrastructure and economic coordinated development in the country＇s 31 regions. Research shows that the gap between the levels of the development of the rural in-frastructure in China is large, presenting the gradually reducing gradient distribution from the east to the west. The rural infrastructure de- velopment level has significant positive correlation with the level of economic development. For those provinces of the high development level of the rural economy, the infrastructure construction level is also relatively high. From the view of the coordination degree, it presents the obvious ＂dumbbell＂ shape, and there are more provinces which belong to the high quality coordination and the serious imbalance, with the coordinated degree in the eastern regions obviously higher than that in the central and western regions.