A retained bile duct stone after operation for cholelithiasis still occurs and causes symptoms such as biliary colic and obstructive jaundice.An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic sphincter...A retained bile duct stone after operation for cholelithiasis still occurs and causes symptoms such as biliary colic and obstructive jaundice.An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST),followed by stone extraction,are usually an effective treatment for this condition.However,these procedures are associated with severe complications including pancreatitis,bleeding,and duodenal perforation.Nitrates such as glyceryl trinitrate(GTN) and isosorbide dinitrate(ISDN) are known to relax the sphincter of Oddi.In 6 cases in which a retained stone was detected following cholecystectomy,topical nitrate drip infusion via cystic duct tube(C-tube) was carried out.Retained stones of 2-3 mm diameter and no dilated common bile duct in 3 patients were removed by drip infusion of 50 mg GTN or 10 mg ISDN,which was the regular dose of intravenous injection.Three other cases failed,and EST in 2 cases and endoscopic biliary balloon dilatation in 1 case were performed.One patient developed an adverse event of nausea.Severe complications were not observed.We consider the topical nitrate drip infusion via C-tube to be old but safe,easy,and inexpensive procedure for retained bile duct stone following cholecystectomy,inasmuch as removal rate was about 50% in our cases.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation and the flow rate of the wetting effect. Methods: From October 2008 to May 2010, among 132 patients of oral and m...Objective: To investigate the continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation and the flow rate of the wetting effect. Methods: From October 2008 to May 2010, among 132 patients of oral and maxillofacial surgery with tracheal intubation, continuous infusion can be adjusted to the wet method;according to the wet pipe, insertion depth of the flow rate is divided into four groups, by four different depths and velocities of the wetting effect, to be analyzed. Results: B group was significantly lower than other groups satisfied with indicators of four significantly different effects of humidification. Conclusion: When continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation is 10 - 12 cm, and flow rate is 15 - 20 ml/h, the wetting effect will achieve greater satisfaction.展开更多
Vertical infusion(self-emptying)bags used for Intravenous infusion are typically obtained by moulding a soft envelope of polypropylene.In normal conditions a continuous flow of liquid can be obtained with no need to u...Vertical infusion(self-emptying)bags used for Intravenous infusion are typically obtained by moulding a soft envelope of polypropylene.In normal conditions a continuous flow of liquid can be obtained with no need to use a pump.In the present study,the relationship between air pressure effects and the drug drip rate have been investigated experimentally and numerically.After determining relevant experimental data about the descending height of liquid level,the dropping speed and pressure,the ordinary least square method and MATLAB have been used to reconstruct the related variation and interrelation laws.Numerical simulations have been performed to determine the best gas-liquid volume ratio and improve the overall performances of these bags.According to these results,that the biggest effect on the drip rate is produced by the diameters of the used needles.展开更多
目的:分析长沙某院儿童静脉输液时输液管与针头分离的原因,探讨相应的对策,保障儿童输液安全。方法:回顾性选取2020年11月-2021年10月于长沙妇幼保健院门诊输液过程中发生输液管针头脱出输液瓶塞的400例患儿作为研究对象,收集患儿临床资...目的:分析长沙某院儿童静脉输液时输液管与针头分离的原因,探讨相应的对策,保障儿童输液安全。方法:回顾性选取2020年11月-2021年10月于长沙妇幼保健院门诊输液过程中发生输液管针头脱出输液瓶塞的400例患儿作为研究对象,收集患儿临床资料,分析输液管针头脱出输液瓶塞的原因。结果:400例患儿男236例(59.00%),女164例(41.00%);≤3岁311例(77.75%),4~7岁89例(22.25%);留置针输液122例(30.50%),非留置针输液278例(69.50%);输液部位在头部186例(46.50%),输液部位在手部195例(48.75%),输液部位在脚部19例(4.75%);发生于春季78例(19.50%),发生于夏季106例(26.50%),发生于秋季106例(26.50%),发生于冬季脱落110例(27.50%);输液第1天脱落170例(42.50%),输液第2天脱落162例(40.50%),输液第3、4天脱落68例(17.00%);输液时长0~30 min 177例(44.25%),输液时长31~60 min 145例(36.25%),输液时长>60 min 78例(19.50%)。400例患儿发生输液管与穿刺针头分离的主要原因为患儿玩耍拉扯、患儿哭吵躁动。不同性别、有无留置针患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);≤3岁患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率高于>3岁患儿,输液部位在手部时,患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率高于输液部位在头部与脚部,输液季节在冬季时,患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率高于其他季节,输液第1天,患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率最高,输液时长31~60 min时,患儿最易发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:长沙某院儿童静脉输液时输液管针头脱出输液瓶塞的主要原因为患儿玩耍拉扯、患儿哭吵躁动,此外还与患儿年龄、输液部位、输液季节、输液天次、输液时长有关,建议加强对患儿及家属的个性化健康教育,提供舒适的输液环境,以提高输液安全意识,保障儿童健康。展开更多
目的探讨鼻氧管、氧气面罩和氧袋面罩三种吸氧方法治疗重型病毒性肺炎患者的临床效果。方法113例重型病毒性肺炎患者为研究对象,其中,32例接受鼻氧管吸氧氧疗(鼻氧管组),40例接受氧气面罩吸氧氧疗(氧气面罩组),41例接受氧袋面罩吸氧氧疗...目的探讨鼻氧管、氧气面罩和氧袋面罩三种吸氧方法治疗重型病毒性肺炎患者的临床效果。方法113例重型病毒性肺炎患者为研究对象,其中,32例接受鼻氧管吸氧氧疗(鼻氧管组),40例接受氧气面罩吸氧氧疗(氧气面罩组),41例接受氧袋面罩吸氧氧疗(氧袋面罩组)。对比三组患者吸氧治疗前后的血气分析监测结果[pH值、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、氧合指数(OI)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))],OI<300 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)持续时间、治疗有效率及气管插管率。结果治疗前,三组患者的pH值、PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)、OI、SpO_(2)对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。氧袋面罩组治疗48 h后的pH值高于本组治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);氧袋面罩组治疗24、48 h后的PaO_(2)高于本组治疗前,且高于氧气面罩组及鼻氧管组同时点,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);氧袋面罩组治疗24、48 h后的OI高于氧气面罩组及鼻氧管组同时点,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组患者治疗24、48 h后的SpO_(2)均高于本组治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氧袋面罩组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间为(8.32±3.82)d、治疗有效率为70.7%、气管插管率为19.5%;氧气面罩组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间为(9.34±4.36)d、治疗有效率为67.5%、气管插管率为22.5%;鼻氧管组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间为(12.35±4.64)d、治疗有效率为56.3%、气管插管率为31.3%。氧袋面罩组及氧气面罩组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间均短于鼻氧管组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);氧袋面罩组及氧气面罩组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组患者的治疗有效率及气管插管率两两对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氧气面罩、氧袋面罩吸氧氧疗应用于重型病毒性肺炎患者较鼻氧管吸氧氧疗可更明显改善患者的血气指标,具有较高的安全性。展开更多
目的测定临床常用30种静脉用药序贯输注过程中组间冲管液的安全剂量,为临床护理操作提供参考。方法选取临床上常用且能采用紫外分光光度仪测定药物吸光度的30种静脉用药作为实验对象,按照药品使用说明书将其配制成临床常用成品输液,模...目的测定临床常用30种静脉用药序贯输注过程中组间冲管液的安全剂量,为临床护理操作提供参考。方法选取临床上常用且能采用紫外分光光度仪测定药物吸光度的30种静脉用药作为实验对象,按照药品使用说明书将其配制成临床常用成品输液,模拟体外临床输注。输液结束时,更换与溶剂一致的0.9%氯化钠或者5%葡萄糖注射液作为冲管液,依次留取样本1 mL,共留取70个样本。利用紫外分光光度仪测定不同阶段冲管液量标本的吸光度,根据标准曲线计算浓度,当冲管液量样本浓度为0时,判定输液管内残留药液已被冲洗干净。结果30种静脉用药的冲管液体积24~65 mL,其中24~<30 mL 12种,30~<40 mL 10种,40~<50 mL 6种,50 mL 1种,65 mL 1种。22种(73.33%)药品组间冲管安全剂量在40 mL以内。结论多种静脉用药序贯输液时,当有配伍禁忌或无法确定有无配伍禁忌时,均需要使用安全剂量行组间冲管,以利于临床静脉用药安全。展开更多
文摘A retained bile duct stone after operation for cholelithiasis still occurs and causes symptoms such as biliary colic and obstructive jaundice.An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST),followed by stone extraction,are usually an effective treatment for this condition.However,these procedures are associated with severe complications including pancreatitis,bleeding,and duodenal perforation.Nitrates such as glyceryl trinitrate(GTN) and isosorbide dinitrate(ISDN) are known to relax the sphincter of Oddi.In 6 cases in which a retained stone was detected following cholecystectomy,topical nitrate drip infusion via cystic duct tube(C-tube) was carried out.Retained stones of 2-3 mm diameter and no dilated common bile duct in 3 patients were removed by drip infusion of 50 mg GTN or 10 mg ISDN,which was the regular dose of intravenous injection.Three other cases failed,and EST in 2 cases and endoscopic biliary balloon dilatation in 1 case were performed.One patient developed an adverse event of nausea.Severe complications were not observed.We consider the topical nitrate drip infusion via C-tube to be old but safe,easy,and inexpensive procedure for retained bile duct stone following cholecystectomy,inasmuch as removal rate was about 50% in our cases.
文摘Objective: To investigate the continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation and the flow rate of the wetting effect. Methods: From October 2008 to May 2010, among 132 patients of oral and maxillofacial surgery with tracheal intubation, continuous infusion can be adjusted to the wet method;according to the wet pipe, insertion depth of the flow rate is divided into four groups, by four different depths and velocities of the wetting effect, to be analyzed. Results: B group was significantly lower than other groups satisfied with indicators of four significantly different effects of humidification. Conclusion: When continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation is 10 - 12 cm, and flow rate is 15 - 20 ml/h, the wetting effect will achieve greater satisfaction.
基金This article belongs to the project of“The University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2019-004)”“Teaching Research Project of Anhui Education Department(2019jyxm0229)”.
文摘Vertical infusion(self-emptying)bags used for Intravenous infusion are typically obtained by moulding a soft envelope of polypropylene.In normal conditions a continuous flow of liquid can be obtained with no need to use a pump.In the present study,the relationship between air pressure effects and the drug drip rate have been investigated experimentally and numerically.After determining relevant experimental data about the descending height of liquid level,the dropping speed and pressure,the ordinary least square method and MATLAB have been used to reconstruct the related variation and interrelation laws.Numerical simulations have been performed to determine the best gas-liquid volume ratio and improve the overall performances of these bags.According to these results,that the biggest effect on the drip rate is produced by the diameters of the used needles.
文摘目的:分析长沙某院儿童静脉输液时输液管与针头分离的原因,探讨相应的对策,保障儿童输液安全。方法:回顾性选取2020年11月-2021年10月于长沙妇幼保健院门诊输液过程中发生输液管针头脱出输液瓶塞的400例患儿作为研究对象,收集患儿临床资料,分析输液管针头脱出输液瓶塞的原因。结果:400例患儿男236例(59.00%),女164例(41.00%);≤3岁311例(77.75%),4~7岁89例(22.25%);留置针输液122例(30.50%),非留置针输液278例(69.50%);输液部位在头部186例(46.50%),输液部位在手部195例(48.75%),输液部位在脚部19例(4.75%);发生于春季78例(19.50%),发生于夏季106例(26.50%),发生于秋季106例(26.50%),发生于冬季脱落110例(27.50%);输液第1天脱落170例(42.50%),输液第2天脱落162例(40.50%),输液第3、4天脱落68例(17.00%);输液时长0~30 min 177例(44.25%),输液时长31~60 min 145例(36.25%),输液时长>60 min 78例(19.50%)。400例患儿发生输液管与穿刺针头分离的主要原因为患儿玩耍拉扯、患儿哭吵躁动。不同性别、有无留置针患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);≤3岁患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率高于>3岁患儿,输液部位在手部时,患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率高于输液部位在头部与脚部,输液季节在冬季时,患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率高于其他季节,输液第1天,患儿发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动率最高,输液时长31~60 min时,患儿最易发生玩耍拉扯、哭吵躁动,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:长沙某院儿童静脉输液时输液管针头脱出输液瓶塞的主要原因为患儿玩耍拉扯、患儿哭吵躁动,此外还与患儿年龄、输液部位、输液季节、输液天次、输液时长有关,建议加强对患儿及家属的个性化健康教育,提供舒适的输液环境,以提高输液安全意识,保障儿童健康。
文摘目的探讨鼻氧管、氧气面罩和氧袋面罩三种吸氧方法治疗重型病毒性肺炎患者的临床效果。方法113例重型病毒性肺炎患者为研究对象,其中,32例接受鼻氧管吸氧氧疗(鼻氧管组),40例接受氧气面罩吸氧氧疗(氧气面罩组),41例接受氧袋面罩吸氧氧疗(氧袋面罩组)。对比三组患者吸氧治疗前后的血气分析监测结果[pH值、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、氧合指数(OI)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))],OI<300 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)持续时间、治疗有效率及气管插管率。结果治疗前,三组患者的pH值、PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)、OI、SpO_(2)对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。氧袋面罩组治疗48 h后的pH值高于本组治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);氧袋面罩组治疗24、48 h后的PaO_(2)高于本组治疗前,且高于氧气面罩组及鼻氧管组同时点,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);氧袋面罩组治疗24、48 h后的OI高于氧气面罩组及鼻氧管组同时点,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组患者治疗24、48 h后的SpO_(2)均高于本组治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氧袋面罩组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间为(8.32±3.82)d、治疗有效率为70.7%、气管插管率为19.5%;氧气面罩组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间为(9.34±4.36)d、治疗有效率为67.5%、气管插管率为22.5%;鼻氧管组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间为(12.35±4.64)d、治疗有效率为56.3%、气管插管率为31.3%。氧袋面罩组及氧气面罩组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间均短于鼻氧管组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);氧袋面罩组及氧气面罩组患者的OI<300 mm Hg持续时间对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组患者的治疗有效率及气管插管率两两对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氧气面罩、氧袋面罩吸氧氧疗应用于重型病毒性肺炎患者较鼻氧管吸氧氧疗可更明显改善患者的血气指标,具有较高的安全性。
文摘目的测定临床常用30种静脉用药序贯输注过程中组间冲管液的安全剂量,为临床护理操作提供参考。方法选取临床上常用且能采用紫外分光光度仪测定药物吸光度的30种静脉用药作为实验对象,按照药品使用说明书将其配制成临床常用成品输液,模拟体外临床输注。输液结束时,更换与溶剂一致的0.9%氯化钠或者5%葡萄糖注射液作为冲管液,依次留取样本1 mL,共留取70个样本。利用紫外分光光度仪测定不同阶段冲管液量标本的吸光度,根据标准曲线计算浓度,当冲管液量样本浓度为0时,判定输液管内残留药液已被冲洗干净。结果30种静脉用药的冲管液体积24~65 mL,其中24~<30 mL 12种,30~<40 mL 10种,40~<50 mL 6种,50 mL 1种,65 mL 1种。22种(73.33%)药品组间冲管安全剂量在40 mL以内。结论多种静脉用药序贯输液时,当有配伍禁忌或无法确定有无配伍禁忌时,均需要使用安全剂量行组间冲管,以利于临床静脉用药安全。