The occurrence,inheritance,and segregation of complex genomic structural variation in synthetic Brassica napus

"Synthetic"allopolyploids recreated by interspecific hybridization play an important role in providing novel genomic variation for crop improvement.Such synthetic allopolyploids often undergo rapid genomic structural variation(SV).However,how such SV arises,is inherited and fixed,and how it affects important traits,has rarely been comprehensively and quantitively studied in advanced generation synthetic lines.A better understanding of these processes will aid breeders in knowing how to best utilize synthetic allopolyploids in breeding programs.Here,we analyzed three genetic mapping populations(735 DH lines)derived from crosses between advanced synthetic and conventional Brassica napus(rapeseed)lines,using whole-genome sequencing to determine genome composition.We observed high tolerance of large structural variants,particularly toward the telomeres,and preferential selection for balanced homoeologous exchanges(duplication/deletion events between the A and C genomes resulting in retention of gene/chromosome dosage between homoeologous chromosome pairs),including stable events involving whole chromosomes("pseudoeuploidy").Given the experimental design(all three populations shared a common parent),we were able to observe that parental SV was regularly inherited,showed genetic hitchhiking effects on segregation,and was one of the major factors inducing adjacent novel and larger SV.Surprisingly,novel SV occurred at low frequencies with no significant impacts on observed fertility and yield-related traits in the advanced generation synthetic lines.However,incorporating genome-wide SV in linkage mapping explained significantly more genetic variance for traits.Our results provide a framework for detecting and understanding the occurrence and inheritance of genomic SV in breeding programs,and support the use of synthetic parents as an important source of novel trait variation.

Facing ethical concerns in the age of precise gene therapy:Outlook on inherited arrhythmias

This editorial,comments on the article by Spartalis et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Cardiology.We here provide an outlook on potential ethical concerns related to the future application of gene therapy in the field of inherited arrhythmias.As monogenic diseases with no or few therapeutic options available through standard care,inherited arrhythmias are ideal candidates to gene therapy in their treatment.Patients with inherited arrhythmias typically have a poor quality of life,especially young people engaged in agonistic sports.While genome editing for treatment of inherited arrhythmias still has theoretical application,advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology now allows the generation of knock-in animal models of the disease.However,clinical translation is somehow expected soon and this make consistent discussing about ethical concerns related to gene editing in inherited arrhythmias.Genomic off-target activity is a known technical issue,but its relationship with ethnical and individual genetical diversity raises concerns about an equitable accessibility.Meanwhile,the costeffectiveness may further limit an equal distribution of gene therapies.The economic burden of gene therapies on healthcare systems is is increasingly recognized as a pressing concern.A growing body of studies are reporting uncertainty in payback periods with intuitive short-term effects for insurance-based healthcare systems,but potential concerns for universal healthcare systems in the long term as well.Altogether,those aspects strongly indicate a need of regulatory entities to manage those issues.

Immune remodulation in pediatric inherited metabolic liver diseases

Inherited metabolic liver diseases arise from genetic mutations that lead to dis-ruptions in liver metabolic pathways and are predominantly observed in pedia-tric populations.The spectrum of genetic metabolic liver disorders is diverse,encompassing a range of conditions associated with aberrations in iron,copper,carbohydrate,lipid,protein,and amino acid metabolism.Historically,research in the domain of genetic metabolic liver diseases has predominantly concentrated on hepatic parenchymal cell alterations.Nevertheless,emerging studies suggest that inherited metabolic liver diseases exert significant influences on the immune microenvironment,both within the liver and systemically.This review endeavors to encapsulate the immunological features of genetic metabolic liver diseases,aiming to expand the horizons of researchers in this discipline,and to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms pertinent to hereditary metabolic liver diseases and to propose innovative therapeutic approaches.

Research on the Innovation of Traditional Music Cultural Inheritance

Traditional music is an important source of Chinese civilization and has a profound impact on the origin,enrichment,leap forward,and sublimation of Chinese culture.Starting from the three dimensions of history,people,and integration,it is important to inherit,carry forward,and spread the contemporary value of traditional music culture.We should focus on the inheritance of historical dimension,reposition the unique function of traditional music culture,strengthen the ecological protection of traditional music culture,and advocate excavation protection,purification protection,and promotion protection.Additionally,we focus on the development of the people dimension,adhere to the people-centered creative orientation,grasp the needs of the people,reflect their aspirations,and strive to enhance the timeliness and attraction of national music.We also focus on the communication of integration dimension,leverage the characteristic advantages of emerging media communication,promote the cross-border integration of the traditional music industry and related fields,respond to the focus and interaction of music audience services,and promote the construction of a modern three-dimensional communication system of traditional music.

Exploration of the Inheritance and Innovation Carrier of National Culture in the Teaching Model of Art Design Major in Higher Vocational Colleges:Integrating Lijiang Baisha Murals into Higher Vocational Art Design Curriculum System

This study aims to further promote the inheritance and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage in Yunnan Province,promote the protection,inheritance,integration,and innovation of ethnic culture in Lijiang,strengthen the protection and inheritance of Baisha murals in Lijiang,and change the teaching of art design majors in vocational colleges in Yunnan.Given the lack of traditional Chinese culture and local ethnic culture,this article focuses on the teaching of art design majors in Yunnan vocational colleges.It explores the construction model of the cultural inheritance and innovation carrier of Lijiang Baisha murals to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the local people,and efforts will be made to promote the high-quality development of the Baisha ethnic area in Lijiang.

Cytological Mechanism of Cytoplasmic Inheritance in Pinus tabulaeformis: Ⅱ. Transmission of Male and Female Organelles During Fertilization and Proembryo Development

In an earlier report the ultrastructure and nucleoid organelles of male gamete in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. have been described. Presently, the ultrastructure of the cytoplasm of the egg cell and pollen tube—immediately before fertilization and during cytoplasmic transmission of male gametophyte—has been described for the same species. The fate of parental plastids and mitochondria in the proembryo has also been followed. The mature egg cell contains a large amount of mitochondria, but seems to lack normal plastids. Most plastids have transformed into large inclusions. Apart from the large inclusions, there are abundant small inclusions and other organelles in the egg cell. During fertilization, pollen tube penetrates into the egg cell at the micropylar end and thereafter the contents are released. Plastid and mitochondrion of male origin are lacking near the fusing sperm_egg nuclei. The second sperm nucleus—not involved in karyogamy—remains at a site near the receptive vacuole. This nucleus is surrounded by large amount of male cytoplasm containing mixed organelles from the sperm cell, tube cell, and egg cell. At the free nuclear proembryo stage, organelles of male and female origin are visible in the perinucleus_cytoplasmic zone. Most of the mitochondria have the same morphological features as those in the egg cell. Some of the mitochondria appear to have originated from the sperm and tube cells. Plastids are most likely of male gametophyte origin because they have similar appearance as those of the sperm and tube cell. Large inclusions in the egg cell become vacuole_like. Paternal plastids have been incorporated into the neocytoplasm of the proembryo. In the cellular proembryo, maternal mitochondria are more abundant. Plastids resembling those of the sperm and tube cell are still present. These cytological results clearly show that in P. tabulaeformis, plastids are inherited paternally and mitochondria bipaternally. The cytological mechanism of plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in gymnosperm is discussed.

Cytological Mechanism of Cytoplasmic Inheritance in Pinus tabulaeformis: Ⅰ. Ultrastructural Aspects and Nucleoids of the Male Gametes

The cytological mechanism of plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in Pinus is an interesting research topic with only a limited number of published articles. The results indicate that the sperms of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. contain abundant plastids, mitochondria and organelle DNA. These data provide reliable cytological evidence of paternal plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in Pinus . The results are in line with the confirmed general rule of paternal plastid inheritance in Pinaceae. But whether mitochondria in sperm cells can be transmitted into the embryos is an issue needs further developmental studies. Another important finding is that contrary to earlier classification of the male gamete of Pinaceae into the male nuclei type, the results reveal that male gametes in Pinus tabulaeformis are actually cells. However, the sperm cells are only surrounded by plasma membranes without cell walls. The larger leading sperm cell in a pollen tube section is long in shape, with a large amount of cytoplasm; while the second sperm cell is smaller, round in shape and contains less cytoplasm. Whether this feature of the male gamete type could be considered as a representative characteristic of the family is discussed and further conclusions await more experimental evidences from studies on plants from different species.

Higher rates of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in American children:Are food quality issues impacting epigenetic inheritance?

In the United States,schools offer special education services to children who are diagnosed with a learning or neurodevelopmental disorder and have difficulty meeting their learning goals.Pediatricians may play a key role in helping children access special education services.The number of children ages 6-21 in the United States receiving special education services increased 10.4%from 2006 to 2021.Children receiving special education services under the autism category increased 242%during the same period.The demand for special education services for children under the developmental delay and other health impaired categories increased by 184%and 83%respectively.Although student enrollment in American schools has remained stable since 2006,the percentage distribution of children receiving special education services nearly tripled for the autism category and quadrupled for the developmental delay category by 2021.Allowable heavy metal residues remain persistent in the American food supply due to food ingredient manufacturing processes.Numerous clinical trial data indicate heavy metal exposures and poor diet are the primary epigenetic factors responsible for the autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder epidemics.Dietary heavy metal exposures,especially inorganic mercury and lead may impact gene behavior across generations.In 2021,the United States Congress found heavy metal residues problematic in the American food supply but took no legislative action.Mandatory health warning labels on select foods may be the only way to reduce dietary heavy metal exposures and improve child learning across generations.

Lack of fitness cost and inheritance of resistance to abamectin based on the establishment of a near-isogenic strain of Tetranychus urticae

Many populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have developed high levels of resistance to the pesticide abamectin in China and other countries. This study developed a near-isogenic line to understand better the inheritance, cross-resistance, and fitness costs associated with abamectin resistance in the field population of T. urticae in China. We introduced the trait that confers extremely high abamectin resistance in a field-collected population of T. urticae into a susceptible laboratory strain(IPP-SS) to generate an abamectin-resistant near-isogenic line(NIL-Aba).This process was carried out through multiple backcrossing to IPP-SS and via parthenogenesis and abamectin screening. Compared with IPP-SS, the NIL-Aba strain had a 25 147-fold resistance to abamectin and a high level of cross-resistance to bifenthrin(288.17-fold), an intermediate level to emamectin benzoate(42.57-fold), and low levels to bifenazate, chlorfenapyr, cyflumetofen, cyenopyrafen, and cyetpyrafen with resistance ranging from 3.18-to 9.31-fold.But it had no cross-resistance to profenofos. The resistance to abamectin in NIL-Aba was autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Based on two sex life table parameters, no fitness cost was found in NIL-Aba. Establishing the NIL-Aba strain provides a reliable basis for an in-depth study of abamectin resistance in T. urticae. New information on toxicological characteristics and fitness cost should facilitate the management of abamectin resistance in field populations of T. urticae.

Automated Classification of Inherited Retinal Diseases in Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Few-shot Learning

Objective To develop a few-shot learning(FSL) approach for classifying optical coherence tomography(OCT) images in patients with inherited retinal disorders(IRDs).Methods In this study, an FSL model based on a student–teacher learning framework was designed to classify images. 2,317 images from 189 participants were included. Of these, 1,126 images revealed IRDs, 533 were normal samples, and 658 were control samples.Results The FSL model achieved a total accuracy of 0.974–0.983, total sensitivity of 0.934–0.957, total specificity of 0.984–0.990, and total F1 score of 0.935–0.957, which were superior to the total accuracy of the baseline model of 0.943–0.954, total sensitivity of 0.866–0.886, total specificity of 0.962–0.971,and total F1 score of 0.859–0.885. The performance of most subclassifications also exhibited advantages. Moreover, the FSL model had a higher area under curves(AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves in most subclassifications.Conclusion This study demonstrates the effective use of the FSL model for the classification of OCT images from patients with IRDs, normal, and control participants with a smaller volume of data. The general principle and similar network architectures can also be applied to other retinal diseases with a low prevalence.

Research on Inheritance and Innovation of Children's Folk Sports Culture in the Junction Area Between Chongqing and Hubei

This paper examines the current status and development dilemma of the children’s folk sports culture in the junction area between Chongqing and Hubei with reference to relevant literature.After the literature review and summary,the study finds there are several factors restricting the inheritance and development of the children’s folk sports culture in the area,including insufficiency of theoretical analysis,weak public support in cities,blind imitation of modern sports culture,and absence of policy support.To address the above problems,we put forward several suggestions to promote the inheritance and development of children’s folk sports game culture.First,we should focus on the theoretical research and cultural dissemination of children’s folk sports culture.Second,we should improve the basic rules of children’s folk sports games.Third,importance should be attached to government support in developing children’s folk sports game culture.Fourth,we should ensure the continuation and inheritance of children’s folk sports culture via school activities.Finally,we should carry forward children’s folk sports culture and explore ways to develop excellent cultural tourism.

Inheritance and Innovation of Regional Cultures in Architectural Designs of Yichang

Against the background of outstanding traditional Chinese culture and the innovation-drivendevelopment strategy, this study analyzed regional cultures of Yichang where ancient Ba and Chu culturesmet and blended, proposed regional architectural designs adapted to modern conditions, fully clarified thedesign concepts of “deeply exploring, highly condensing, making the past serve the present, inheriting andinnovating” through analyzing the design cases in many regional architectural projects. The paper aimedat further inheriting and developing the outstanding traditional Chinese cultures, and provided theoreticalreferences for future designs.

Application and Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Technology Inheritance in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Medical Institutions

Medical institution preparations play an important role in the development of hospitals,being one of the main forms of traditional Chinese medicine clinical characteristic medication,as well as an important carrier for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has become a hot spot in the research and development of preparations by medical institutions.Traditional Chinese medicine preparations prepared by traditional processes and their entrusted preparation matters have changed from the current licensing management to filing management.The registration model of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has undergone significant changes,emphasizing more on real data and evaluation results from the objective world,respecting traditional medication experience,and emphasizing the inheritance and innovative development of traditional technological experience.In the process of following teachers in the inheritance project of traditional Chinese medicine,we combined the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic technology with the research and development practice of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions,and focused on the analysis and discussion of technical problems such as prescription screening,dosage form selection,process route design and clinical observation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations,hoping to provide reference for scholars in the same field of traditional Chinese medicine.

On ecological inheritance construction of intangible cultural heritage in era of intellectual media

It is known that intangible cultural heritage is an important resource of the cultural soft power in a country, and it is also an organic component and representation of national history, spirit and cohesion.Therefore, a good inheritance of intangible cultural heritage is of great significance for carrying forward the ethical basis of human culture as well as maintaining its value core. Nowadays, the rapid intelligentization of media has ushered in the era of intellectual media, with characteristics of “massive media, man-machine integration and self-evolution”. In the era of intellectual media, traces of intelligent technologies can be seen everywhere, and the ecology of the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage has been reconstructed. Under this circumstance, the author firstly makes clarification of the advancement of the era, which has given a new logic of intangible cultural heritage inheritance, and various intelligent powers should be developed including intelligent acquisition, processing and judgement ability of content value. Then, the technology empowerment is analyzed, which has made reconstruction of intangible cultural heritage inheritance: while being digitalized,the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage has become systematized in way of “Points, Lines and Planes” at the same time. Therefore, the communication ecology of intangible cultural heritage could be established as a new approach of inheritance via all sorts of intelligent technologies, so as to promote Chinese cultural soft power and enhance our national image in the long run.

Discussion on Cultural Inheritance of Water Parks in the Yellow River Basin

At the Symposium on Ecological Protection and High-quality Development of the Yellow River Basin, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "it should deeply explore the time value contained in the Yellow River culture, tell the story of the Yellow River well, and protect, inherit and carry forward the Yellow River culture". Water park is an important carrier of the Yellow River culture transmission. In this paper, the basic characteristics and regional distribution of water parks in the Yellow River basin are analyzed. For the problems faced by cultural heritage of water parks in the Yellow River basin, from three aspects of exploring and integrating the connotation, innovating communication methods, and shaping brand IP, cultural heritage of water parks in the Yellow River basin is discussed. It is beneficial to carry forward the Yellow River culture, and better meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the people.

Inheritance and Development of Guangxi Minority Musical Instruments and Their Integration With Operas

The traditional musical instrument of minorities converges the evolution of ethnic group culture and history,and ethnic musical instruments are a core component of minority culture.The traditional instruments of Guangxi minorities are rich and varied,and an all-round cultural inheritance and protection mechanism should be used for ethnic musical instruments,so that the performance form of classical musical instruments of minorities can be more widely understood and mastered.Therefore,in this paper,we discuss the specific practice idea of the inheritance and development of classical musical instruments of Guangxi minorities,and facilitate the innovation of development path of ethnic musical instruments by taking the inheritance form of integrating musical instruments with operas.

School Education and Inheritance of Ethnic Culture in Minority Areas-Take School Education in Tibetan Areas as an Example

Ethnic education is an important way to inherit ethnic culture.Under the background of cultural globalization and cultural diversification,minority cultures are facing the danger of extinction and change.Schools in minority areas give full play to their own advantages and become the main places to train students to master ethnic culture in a purposeful,planned,and organized way.However,there are also many problems in school education in the inheritance of national culture,such as the content of school education and national culture cannot be effectively integrated,teachers lack scientific and effective teaching methods,teaching activities content cannot be flexibly used.In this regard,we should excavate the national cultural resources in school education,improve the professional quality and skills of teachers,and enhance the national consciousness of teachers,so as to improve the quality of school education and realize the effective inheritance of national culture.Taking Tibetan areas as an example,this paper analyzes the advantages,existing problems,and solutions of the school in Tibetan cultural traditions.

A Study on the Inheritance Path of Red Music in Universities Under the Multicultural Background

Red music culture is a cultural form created by the people led by the Communist Party of China(CPC)in the process of revolution,construction,and reform.The inheritance and dissemination of this cultural form in universities,especially in the context of multiculturalism,has important social and cultural value.This study takes the red music culture in Shanghai as the research carrier,and explores the inheritance path of red music in universities through background investigation,theoretical research,specific practice,and achievement display.The research results show that red music culture can be effectively inherited and promoted by strengthening the construction of the red music culture cloud platform in universities,integrating red music culture resources into the campus environment,and promoting it in Chinese,English,and Japanese on social media.In addition,this study also explores the effective role of red music culture in establishing correct ideals and beliefs among college students.

The Inheritance and Deviation of the Subjective Construction“You Bei X Dao(有被X到)”

Sentence“bei”(“被”字句)and“bei xx”(被xx)provide syntactic and semantic basis for the generation of the construction“You Bei X Dao(有被x到)”.They are in a continuum and have family similarity.The sentence“bei”is a typical member,while“bei xx”is an atypical member.Because the construction“You Bei X Dao”has a single function and less attention,it is at the edge of the continuum and is a marginal member.However,it has certain research value in the inheritance and innovation of“bei”and“bei xx”.

The Aesthetic Inheritance of the Mao Dun Literature Prize in the Flux-Take Xu Mao and His Daughters and A Tale of the Wind as Examples

The Mao Dun Literature Prize is one of the well-known literary awards in China,and in the process of selection over the years,the Mao Dun Literature Prize has developed its own aesthetic orientation.A comparison is made between the early generation of Xu Mao and His Daughters and the recent award-winning work,A Tale of the Wind,to discover the aesthetic heritage in its flux,which is enlightening for the literary criticism and an orientation for the literary creators.