Modulation of the Wind Field Structure of Initial Vortex on the Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Size and Intensity

This study investigates the modulation of initial wind field structure on the relationship between the size and intensity of a simulated vortex.A series of idealized experiments are conducted by varying the radius of maximum wind(RMW)and shape parameter of the initial vortices.The size–intensity relationship is quantified by the linear regression coefficient of the azimuthally-averaged gale-force wind radius against the maximum wind during the development stage,reflecting the degree of size expansion at the same intensity increment.The regression coefficient increases with increased RMW and decreased,with the RMW being the primary constraint.The effect of lowering on the elevation of the regression coefficient gradually stands out when the initial RMW is large.Enlarging the RMW leads to a secondary circulation with a horizontally elongated structure,which retards the intensification while promoting size expansion,thus substantially enhancing size expansion as the vortex intensifies.Broadening the wind field outside the RMW by reducing results in abounding convection in the outer region,which promotes size expansion.Based on the axisymmetric tangential wind tendency and Sawyer–Eliassen equations,when the RMW is large,the active convection in the outer region can weaken the radial inflow induced by the eyewall heating in the inner region,thus retarding the intensification by reducing the radial imports of vorticity near the RMW.

EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT HIGH FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON INITIAL SOLIDIFICATION IN CONTINUOUS CASTING

Contacting state between molten metal and a mold and initial solidification process of continuously cast metals can be controlled by imposing an intermittent magnetic field.In this study, effect of the intermittent magnetic field on the initial solidification ofcontinuoasly cast metals was investigated by measuring the temperature distribution in the melt pool and the initial solidification starting position of shells. It was found that under the condition with intermittent magnetic field, the melt near meniscns is in slow cooling state, the initial solidification starting position descends, initial solidification shell thickens and the liquid-solid interface becomes smooth.

Key Deviation Analysis of Initial Fields on Ensemble Forecast in South China During the Rainfall Event on May 21,2020

Extreme rainfall is common from May to October in south China.This study investigates the key deviation of initial fields on ensemble forecast of a persistent heavy rainfall event from May 20 to 22,2020 in Guangdong Province,south China by comparing ensemble members with different performances.Based on the rainfall distribution and pattern,two types are selected for analysis compared with the observed precipitation.Through the comparison of the thermal and dynamic fields in the middle and lower layers,it can be found that the thermal difference between the middle and lower layers was an important factor which led to the deviation of precipitation distribution.The dynamic factors also have some effects on the precipitation area although they were not as important as the thermal factors in this case.Correlating accumulated precipitation with atmospheric state variables further corroborates the above conclusion.This study suggests that the uncertainty of the thermal and dynamic factors in the numerical model can have a strong impact on the quantitative skills of heavy rainfall forecasts.

ENSO hindcast skill of the IAP-DecPreS near-term climate prediction system:comparison of full-field and anomaly initialization

本文使用中国科学院大气物理研究所近期气候预测系统IAP-DecPreS,评估了全场初始化和异常场初始化对ENSO的预测技巧。结果表明:采用异常场初始化方法对典型ENSO和El NioModoki的预报技巧均优于采用全场初始化方法的预报技巧。采用异常场初始化方法的回报结果能超前10个月回报强ENSO事件,超前4-7个月回报相对较弱的ENSO事件。采用异常场初始化方法对El Nio Modoki和典型ENSO的预报技巧相当。此外,采用异常场初始化方法的回报结果能超前1-4个月模拟出典型ENSO和El NioModoki的冬季海表面温度、降水以及大气环流异常的主要空间分布特征。

Frost heaving and crack initiation characteristics of tunnel rock mass in cold regions under low-temperature degradation

Water freezing in rock fractures causes volumetric expansion and fracture development through frost heaving.This study introduces a novel analytical model to investigate how uneven freezing force and surrounding rock pressure influence fracture initiation,based on mass conservation,elasticity,and water-ice phase transition principles.A model for rock fracture initiation considering freezing temperature,uneven freezing expansion,in-situ stress,and lateral pressure was proposed based on fracture mechanics.Equations for stress intensity factors were developed and validated using the phase field method.The effects of rock elastic modulus anisotropy and critical fracture energy density on fracture initiation were also discussed.The results show that the values of KI and KII exhibit an upward trend as the freezing temperature,uneven expansion,in-situ stress,and lateral pressure increase.The uneven freezing expansion has the most significant influence on KI and KII values among these parameters.As the uneven freezing expansion coefficient increases to 0.5,the fracture initiation mode shifts from tensile fracture to shear fracture.As the lateral pressure coefficient increases to 1,the fracture initiation mode shifts from tensile fracture to shear fracture.Rock elastic modulus anisotropy causes fractures to propagate in a clockwise direction,forming a'butterfly'pattern.Critical fracture energy density an isotropy causes counterclockwise deviation in propagation direction,resulting in branching paths and an'H'-shaped pattern.

Effect of Rotation and Initial Magnetic Field in Fibre-Reinforced Anisotropic Elastic Media

In this work, we study an analytical procedure for evaluation of the displacement and stresses in fibre-reinforced anisotropic elastic media under effects of rotation and initial magnetic field, and due to the application of the rotation and initial magnetic field. Effects of rotation and initial magnetic field are analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results have been given and illustrated graphically. Comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence of rotation and initial magnetic field in fibre-reinforced anisotropic and isotropic elastic media. The results indicate the effect of rotation and initial magnetic field.

Effect of Rotation, Magnetic Field and Initial Stresses on Propagation of Plane Waves in Transversely Isotropic Dissipative Half Space

The problem regarding the reflection of plane waves in a transversely isotropic dissipative medium is considered, in which we are studying about the reflection of incidence waves in initially stressed dissipative half space. After solving the governing equations, we find the two complex quasi-P (qP) and quasi-SV (qSV) waves. The occurrence of reflected waves is studied to calculate the reflection coefficient and the energy partition of incidence wave at the plane boundary of the dissipative medium. Numerical example is considered for the reflection coefficient and the partition of incident energy, in which we study about the effect of rotation, initial stresses and magnetic field.

Correlation between per-well average dynamic reserves and initial absolute open flow potential(AOFP) for large gas fields in China and its application

Based on performance data of over 600 wells in 32 large gas fields of different types in China, the correlation is established between per-well average dynamic reserves( G) and average initial absolute open flow potential(IAOFq) of each field, and its connotation and applicability are further discussed through theoretical deduction. In log-log plot, G vs. IAOFq exhibit highly dependent linear trend, which implicates the compatibility between G and IAOFq attained through development optimization to reach the balance among annual flow capacity, maximum profits and certain production plateau, that is to match productivity with rate maintenance capacity. The correlation can be used as analogue in new gas field development planning to evaluate the minimum dynamic reserves which meet the requirement of stable and profitable production, and facilitate well pattern arrangement. It can also serve as criteria to appraise the effectiveness and infill drilling potential of well patterns for developed gas fields.

Field observation of debris-flow activities in the initiation area of the Jiangjia Gully, Yunnan Province, China

The Jiangjia Gully, which is located in Dongchuan District, Yunnan Province, China, is a watershed prone to debris flows and has long-term recorded data of debris-flow occurrence. However, the initiation mechanism has mainly been studied by experiments in this watershed. To further reveal debris-flow formation mechanism in the Jiangjia Gully, debris-flow activities in the initiation zone were observed with hand-held video cameras in the summer of 2016 and 2017. In these two years, six debris-flow events were triggered in Menqian Gully, a major tributary of the Jiangjia Gully, while debrisflow activities in some sub-watersheds of Menqian Gully were recorded with video cameras in four events. The video recording shows that landslides constituted an important source for sediment supply in debris flow. Some landslides directly evolved into debris flows, while the others released sediment into rills and channels, where debris flows were generated for sediment entrainment by water flow. Therefore, debris-flow occurrence in the Jiangjia Gully is influenced both by infiltration-dominated processes and by runoff-dominated processes. In addition, rainfall data from four gauges installed in Menqian Gully were analyzed using mean intensity(I), duration(D), peak 10-minute rainfall(R10min) and antecedent rainfall(AR) up to 15 days prior to peak 10-minute rainfall. It reveals that debris-flow triggering events can be discriminated from nontriggering events either by an I-D threshold or by an R10min-AR threshold. However, false alarms can be greatly reduced if these two kinds of thresholds are used together. Moreover, behaviors including intermittency of debris flow, variance in moisture content and volume among surges, and coalescence of multiple surges by temporary damming were observed, indicating the complexity of debris-flow initiation processes. These findings are expected to enhance our knowledge on debris-flow formation mechanism in regions with similar environmental settings.

Field observations of debris-flow initiation processes on sediment deposits in a previous deep-seated landslide site

Although information regarding the initiation processes of debris flows is important for the development of mitigation measures,field data regarding these processes are scarce.We conducted field observations of debris-flow initiation processes in the upper Ichinosawa catchment of the Ohya landslide,central Japan.On 19 June 2012,our videocamera monitoring systems recorded the moment of debris-flow initiation on channel deposits(nine surges) and talus slopes(eight surges).The initiation mechanisms of these surges were classified into three types by analyzing the video images: erosion by the surface flow,movement of deposits as a mass,and upward development of the fluid area.The first type was associated with the progress of surface flow from the upper stream on unsaturated channel deposits.The second type was likely caused by an increase in the pore water pressure associated with the rising in the groundwater level in channel deposits;a continuous water supply from the upper stream by the surface flow might have induced this saturation.The third type was associated with changes in the downstream topography caused by erosion.The flow velocity of most surges was less than 3 m s^(-1) and they usually stopped within 100 m from the initiation point.Surges with abundant pore fluid had a higher flow velocity(about 3- 5 m s^(-1)) and could travel for alonger duration.Our observations indicate that the surface flow plays an important role in the initiation of debris flows on channel deposits and talus slopes.

Initial－boundary Value Problem for a Class of Quasilinear Degenerate Parabolic Equations

in this work,we study the quasilinear initial-boundary value problem , where is a system of real smooth vector fields which is defined on an open domain M of R'', and satisfies the Hormanderls condition,.Assume that is non characteristic for the system X,,..',Xm. Under some hypothesis for the boundary of domain and the elliptic structure condition for nonlinear coerfficients Aij, Bj, C,(i, j= 1, ..', m), we have proved that the existence and regularity of solution for aboveinitialboudary value problems.

深水气田长距离混输模式下水相运动规律研究

陵水25-1深水气田混输管道距离长、管道爬坡段坡度大,初始投产阶段混输流体水相到达平台的时间长且预测困难,给管道安全运行带来风险。基于多相流计算模型,运用LedaFlow软件,对陵水25-1深水气田初始投产阶段的水相运动规律进行研究,并深入分析含水率、油量、气量、油水相间摩擦系数等因素对水相运行的影响。结果表明:初始投产阶段水相在爬坡段分离和积聚,形成长时间的停滞,管道坡度越大,水相波动越剧烈;含水率越高的物流,水相在爬坡段聚集时间越短;气量增大则会降低水相滞液程度,提高水相运行速度,有助于水相爬坡;油量变化对水相运行速度的影响较小,油水相间摩擦系数对爬坡段水相运动有直接影响,油水相间摩擦系数修正拟合,对实际管道运行有重要指导意义。研究结果可为深水气田开发研究提供借鉴。

田野课堂的教学方法与实践:基于《毕业设计》课程的案例分析

田野课堂是面向生活世界的教学方式,但已有的田野课堂模式主要以社会科学田野调查为理论基础,将田野视为方法,以田野为研究对象,使得课堂集中于社会科学研究的诸领域。在新文科倡导的理念下,探索符合多学科尤其是艺术与人文学科需要的田野课堂教学模式,总结通用的田野课堂组织逻辑,并提炼教学方法,具有重要的现实意义。在高校摄影专业《毕业设计》课程的教学中,教师拥有自觉的教学方法论意识是开展田野课堂前提,给出观察社会的知识工具是帮助学生自发寻找田野的关键步骤,不同环境之间、不同人群之间的交互和反馈是贯穿田野课堂始终的核心环节。整体上看,田野课堂的教学方式有助于教学世界和生活世界的融合,转化知识课堂为生命课堂。

一种修正评分偏差并精细聚类中心的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤作为国内外学者普遍关注的推荐算法之一,受评分失真、数据稀疏等问题影响,算法推荐效果不尽如人意。为解决上述问题,文章提出了一种改进的聚类协同过滤推荐算法。首先,该算法利用无监督情感挖掘技术将评论情感映射为一个固定区间中的值,通过加权修正用户评分偏差;然后,构建修正后用户-产品评分矩阵的数据场,利用启发式寻优算法计算最佳聚类数和最优初始聚类中心,进而对用户进行划分聚类,结合最近邻用户相似性与评分产生推荐结果;最后,基于三个自建真实数据集对所提算法性能和有效性进行全面评估。实验结果表明,改进算法在精度Precision、召回率Recall和F1-Score评价指标上的表现均优于其他算法,能够有效应对数据稀疏的问题,提升推荐系统的推荐效果。

外场气流场前端测量误差统计方法探讨

外场测试的随机性和有效性需要适用的统计方法进行观察,外场气流场测试通常用于舰船等平台稳定运行时的气流场特性研究,为明确每个测试工况的初始条件,需要对平台的前端流场进行测量,作为对应工况的参考性输入。首先,对测量误差典型方法进行对比,然后利用超声波风速仪作为测试工具,借鉴气象计量的相关标准,提出了外场气流场前端测量误差参数统计的方法,模拟了舰船外场气流场测试的3个典型工况并进行数据采集,对测量数据误差进行处理分析,置信概率大于50%,初步验证了该方法的有效性。

水下非接触爆炸下冲击波载荷与速度场等效关系研究

对于平板在水下非接触爆炸下的结构响应问题,学界目前常采用仿真和试验手段开展研究。但目前的仿真手段主要采用任意拉格朗日欧拉(arbitrary Lagrange-Euler, ALE)方法进行,计算效率低且在中远场计算中难以得到真实的结果,而试验手段成本较高。基于能流密度公式和TAYLOR板理论对平板水下非接触爆炸冲击波载荷与速度场等效关系展开研究,提出了冲击波载荷和等效初速度场的等效换算方法,建立了平板初速度场与水下爆炸参数的等效关系并开展试验验证。结果表明,基于能流密度的冲击波等效初速度场具有更好的计算精度和效率,这一方法可作为研究平板或者简单板架在水下爆炸冲击波作用下结构响应的一个重要的等效计算方法。

破孔面积对燃气弹射性能影响机理分析

为探究发射筒破损面积对燃气弹射过程的影响,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型、有限速率/涡耗散模型和动态分层网格技术,建立包含筒壁损伤的发射筒三维数值模型,在数值验证的基础上通过改变破孔直径,仿真得到不同破孔面积下发射筒内流场分布与内弹道参数。结果表明:在发射筒内部整体流场形态近似呈对称分布,但由于燃气产生附壁效应和旋转涡的出现,局部流场呈现非对称性;随孔径增大筒内压力减小,孔径为160 mm时,t_(0)时速度相比完整筒壁的速度下降高达13.17%,在设定的出筒条件下当孔径大于140 mm后不能满足出筒要求;进行各参数相关性分析时发现破孔面积与第一次压力峰值及t_(0)时速度之间呈负线性相关。

大型地下厂房水压致裂法地应力测量及地应力场反演分析

岩体初始地应力是地下工程研究中的重要内容,依托大型地下厂房工程,采用三维水压致裂法和常规水压致裂法对洞内孔ZK1和地表孔ZK2分别进行地应力测量,获得岩体初始地应力;基于实测数据利用三维数值模拟方法进行地应力场反演计算,获得所需工程区的地应力场分布规律。研究表明:水压致裂法可以有效地获得初始地应力,三维水压致裂法获得的地下应力情况更为准确且可以与垂直孔测试数据互相印证;数值模拟获取的地应力计算值和实测值具有一致性,厂房隧洞布置较为合理且工程区发生岩爆概率较低;现场原位测试结果与回归地应力场分布规律可为工程设计提供有效的科学支撑。

基于气泡统一方程的声场双气泡耦合作用研究

针对声致空化现象中双气泡相互作用力展开了研究。本文基于气泡动力学的基本理论,将气泡统一方程应用到声场中双气泡的耦合作用研究中,建立了可用于计算声场中多气泡耦合的理论模型,并以此研究了不同类型的声场中双气泡次Bjerknes力的变化趋势。研究结果表明:在声压幅值较小的行进波声场中,对于非线性脉动的双气泡,其相互作用现象不仅与声场参数相关,还会受到双气泡初始体积比的影响。若固定其中一个气泡的初始体积,同时改变另一个气泡的初始体积,则双气泡间第1周期内的次Bjerknes力会在初始体积相等时达到第1个极值,随后呈现周期性的起伏,并在总体上呈增大趋势;而双气泡相互作用在声压幅值较大的行进波声场中会随初始半径比的增大持续增强,且周期性的起伏现象并不明显。在驻波声场中靠近波节的位置也能观测到这一现象。此外,本文还探究了非线性振动的双气泡在具有相同频率、不同声压幅值的组合波声场中的耦合效应。本文的研究可为声场中双气泡相互耦合作用以及气泡群动力学相关应用提供理论基础。