Preparation of PDOT:PSS Transparent Conductive Film Using Ink-Jet Printing

Flexible devices produced using organic materials have attracted the attention of many researchers. Important components of these flexible devices include transparent electrodes, which transmit visible light and possess conductivity. The present study improved the characteristics of a transparent conductive film that was made of poly(3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesul-fonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic conductive material, and that had been prepared using ink-jet printing. To improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of the film, the film substrate was first cleaned with ultraviolet/ozone treatment, and then the film was annealed after it was deposited on the substrate and dipped into a polar solvent. Consequently, the resistance value of the thin film decreased. However, the surface state of the film changed according to the treatment method and affected its visible light transmittance. Thus, the surface state of the film substrate, the annealing temperature after film deposition, and the dipping treatment with a polar solvent influenced the characteristics of a thin film.

Characteristics Improvement of PEDOT:PSS Transparent Conductive Film Prepared by Ink-Jet Printing

Recently, a high-performance and low-priced transparent conductive film has been expected to be developed because flexible devices produced using organic materials have been actively studied. An indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film, which has been generally used as a material for a transparent conductive film, has problems, such as fragility to bending stress and depletion of the resource. The present study used poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic electroconductive material, and examined the improvement in the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a transparent conductive film produced using the ink-jet method. In previous studies, we reported that, to improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a thin film, it was effective to clean the film substrate with ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3) treatment, anneal the film after it was deposited on the substance, and dip the annealed film into a polar solvent. Focusing on the thin film processing between printing operations, the present study improved resistance value and visible light transmittance by examining both the application methods of a polar solvent and the annealing time between printing operations. As a result, the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a PEDOT:PSS thin film were 390.4 Ω and 86.6%, respectively. This film was obtained by applying a polar solvent and performing annealing for 30 min between printing operations. The printing was performed three times.

Direct Ink Writing of Highly Conductive MXene Frames for Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Electromagnetic Wave-Induced Thermochromism

The highly integrated and miniaturized next-generation electronic products call for high-performance electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials to assure the normal operation of their closely assembled components.However,the most current techniques are not adequate for the fabrication of shielding materials with programmable structure and controllable shielding efficiency.Herein,we demonstrate the direct ink writing of robust and highly conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene frames with customizable structures by using MXene/AlOOH inks for tunable EMI shielding and electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromism applications.The as-printed frames are reinforced by immersing in AlCl_(3)/HCl solution to remove the electrically insulating AlOOH nanoparticles,as well as cross-link the MXene sheets and fuse the filament interfaces with aluminum ions.After freeze-drying,the resultant robust and porous MXene frames exhibit tunable EMI shielding efficiencies in the range of 25-80 dB with the highest electrical conductivity of 5323 S m−1.Furthermore,an electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromic MXene pattern is assembled by coating and curing with thermochromic polydimethylsiloxane on a printed MXene pattern,and its color can be changed from blue to red under the high-intensity electromagnetic irradiation.This work demonstrates a direct ink printing of customizable EMI frames and patterns for tuning EMI shielding efficiency and visualizing electromagnetic waves.

Synthesis of Cu Nano-particle in Toluene Used for Conductive Ink with a Binder of Polyurethane

Copper nanoparticles with a size of about 150 nm were prepared in toluene using oleic acid as protecting agent. The nanoparticles were used to prepare conductive Cu ink with a polyurethane binder. Oleic acid was used to prevent the nanoparticles from oxidization and agglomeration. The prepared Cu nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The resistivity of the copper film on glass substrate that was prepared using Cu nanoparticle ink reached about 1.5× 10-4 2. cm-1 after it was annealed to 120 ~C. Both the nanoparticle ink and the films were characterized by XRD, fourier transform infrared （FT-IR）, and the thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry instrument （TG- DSC）.

Investigation of Electrical Stability of Nonwovens with Conductive Circuits Using Printed Conductive Inks

In this work, we study the stability of a class of materials obtained by printing a textile with conductive inks using a method called screen printing. Under the action of a certain external factors, the printed circuit suffers deterioration and the conductivity decreases considerably. In this work, we propose to model the overall damage of the textile sheet in terms of the partial damages of the conductive lines. We also apply this approach to evaluate the damage of a system being made of transmission lines printed into nonwoven substrates using different conductive inks.

Preparation of Cu@Ag Nanoparticles for Conductive Ink

In order to overcome the shortcomings of low-cost anti-oxidation conductive ink and its preparation method in the field of printing electronics, core-shell coated Cu@Ag nanoparticles were used to prepare conductive ink, and a printed circuit was obtained by inkjet printing. Copper nanoparticles were prepared by a chemical reduction method and then coated with Cu@Ag particles by a copper-based self-catalytic reaction. Conductive ink was prepared by ball milling and dispersion and printed on PI film to form a conductive coating. After characterization and analysis, the particle size and dispersion of the obtained Cu@Ag meet the requirements and can be stored stably under normal atmospheric conditions. The resistivity of the conductive film sintered at 300˚C is only 10.6 μΩ∙cm.

Preparation of low-temperature sintered high conductivity inks based on nanosilver self-assembled on surface of graphene

Finer nanoplates of silver are prepared by self-assembly on the surface of graphene,and the low-temperature sintered high conductivity ink containing the silver nanoplates is prepared.Most importantly,graphene is added to the solution before the chemical reduction reaction occurs.Firstly,it is found that silver nanoplates have self-assembly phenomenon on the surface of graphene.Secondly,the Ag nano hexagonal platelets(AgNHPs)with small particle sizes(10 nm),narrow distribution and good dispersion are prepared.Especially,smaller sizes(10 nm)and narrower particle size distribution of AgNHPs particles can be easily controlled by using this process.Finally,the conductivity of the ink is excellent.For example,when the printed patterns were sintering at 150℃,the resistivity of the ink(GE:0.15 g/L)reached the minimum value of 2.2×10^-6 cm.And the resistivity value was 3.7×10^-6Ωcm,when it was sintered at 100℃ for 30 min.The conductive ink prepared can be used for the field of printing electronics as ink-jet printing ink.

Naturally Crosslinked Biocompatible Carbonaceous Liquid Metal Aqueous Ink Printing Wearable Electronics for Multi-Sensing and Energy Harvesting

Achieving flexible electronics with comfort and durability comparable to traditional textiles is one of the ultimate pursuits of smart wearables.Ink printing is desirable for e-textile development using a simple and inexpensive process.However,fabricating high-performance atop textiles with good dispersity,stability,biocompatibility,and wearability for high-resolution,large-scale manufacturing,and practical applications has remained challenging.Here,waterbased multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)-decorated liquid metal(LM)inks are proposed with carbonaceous gallium–indium micro-nanostructure.With the assistance of biopolymers,the sodium alginate-encapsulated LM droplets contain high carboxyl groups which non-covalently crosslink with silk sericin-mediated MWCNTs.E-textile can be prepared subsequently via printing technique and natural waterproof triboelectric coating,enabling good flexibility,hydrophilicity,breathability,wearability,biocompatibility,conductivity,stability,and excellent versatility,without any artificial chemicals.The obtained e-textile can be used in various applications with designable patterns and circuits.Multi-sensing applications of recognizing complex human motions,breathing,phonation,and pressure distribution are demonstrated with repeatable and reliable signals.Self-powered and energy-harvesting capabilities are also presented by driving electronic devices and lighting LEDs.As proof of concept,this work provides new opportunities in a scalable and sustainable way to develop novel wearable electronics and smart clothing for future commercial applications.

适用于硅胶基材的可拉伸导电油墨的研究进展

印刷电子正逐渐从柔性电子向可拉伸电子方向发展,开发平面的可拉伸导体对可拉伸电子具有重要的意义。快速制备柔软的但有一定强度的可拉伸导体的方法是将导电材料与弹性聚合物复合形成导电油墨并印刷在弹性基材上。基于硅胶的弹性基材具有良好的生物相容性、热稳定性和化学稳定性,弹性接近皮肤,被用于表皮电子器件、智能软体机器人、可穿戴电子器件等。鉴于硅胶表面非极性的特性,为实现印刷的墨层与硅胶表面之间高的粘附牢度,对印刷油墨提出较高要求。本文重点介绍了两类用于硅胶基材的可拉伸导电油墨且将其进行对比,并分析了印刷后图案的后处理方式对拉伸性的影响。指出采用非极性连结料并选择相容性好的导电组分制备导电油墨是硅胶基材上印刷可拉伸电极的关键;复合不同导电组分、在墨层中引入多孔结构、氙灯烧结有利于提升硅胶基可拉伸电子器件的性能。

基于无颗粒银导电墨水在不锈钢表面镀银工艺研究

目的采用无颗粒银导电墨水对不锈钢表面进行镀银研究,以绿色环保工艺替代传统电镀银技术。方法主要研究适用于不锈钢基材的前驱体银源、络合剂种类、不锈钢前处理方法、烧结固化温度对不锈钢表面银层微观结构及性能的影响,获得不锈钢基材上微观结构致密、性能良好的银层。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、数字兆欧表对在不锈钢表面银膜层进行表征。结果不锈钢通过1,2丙二胺溶液处理后,采用银源草酸银为前驱体,此时银层微观结构最致密,具有最佳的附着力等级(5B)和最低的粗糙度(1.237μm),与1,2-丙二胺络合,乙醇为溶剂时,制备出的银层有机物挥发完全,微观结构致密,并且具有最低的接触电阻0.7Ω和粗糙度0.80μm。烧结固化温度为200℃时银层导电性最好。结论采用无颗粒银导电墨水对不锈钢表面进行镀银的新型工艺银层性能良好,可以简化传统电镀技术复杂的操作流程,减少传统电镀工艺所使用氰化物对人体造成的危害,并弥补应用受限的缺点。

无机纳米导电材料在柔性印刷电子中的应用

印刷电子技术起源于可溶液化的有机电子材料,而无机纳米导电材料的兴起推动了印刷电子的快速发展。无机纳米导电材料包括金属、碳材料等导体,以及硅、锗、金属氧化物等半导体。本文概述了无机纳米导电材料在印刷电子领域的发展历程,综述了无机纳米导体材料的性质和油墨化技术,包括可印刷纳米金属材料、碳材料、液态金属以及MXene,并介绍其在柔性与印刷电子领域中的应用。最后指出了可印刷无机纳米导电材料存在的问题及其在柔性与印刷电子领域的发展趋势。

高导电水性石墨烯基导电油墨的制备及其应用性能

为解决柔性电子印刷中传统碳系导电油墨导电性能差的问题,通过引用高导电的石墨烯,制备了基于石墨烯/炭黑/石墨三维导电网络结构的水性石墨烯基导电油墨。探讨了分散剂用量、颜基比和干燥处理工艺三个主要因素对导电油墨导电性能的影响。在此基础上,采用低成本的丝网印刷工艺制备了柔性电热纺织品以评估导电油墨的应用性能。结果表明,制备的导电油墨具有较高的导电性能,最低方阻为20Ω/□。以此制备的柔性电热纺织品具有快速的升温能力和优异的电热稳定性、耐疲劳性,在充电宝5V电压下90s左右可以由室温到达稳态温度(60±3)℃,且具有一定的机械柔韧性。所制备的高导电水性石墨烯基导电油墨在柔性可穿戴领域具有较好的实际应用价值。

聚吡咯基导电油墨的制备及其性能研究

聚吡咯(PPy)因具有制备简单、成本低、导电性高、环保等优点,而受到广泛的关注。本研究以PPy和导电炭黑(CB)为导电浆料,采用原位聚合法制备了PPy基导电油墨。通过调整树脂连结料含量、导电浆料配比及烧结温度等因素,对油墨的黏度、附着性和导电性进行了研究。结果表明,制备的PPy基导电油墨具备良好的分散均匀性、附着性和导电性,且满足丝印油墨的性能要求。导电浆料配比影响印品的线阻和表面电阻。印品的表面电阻随着烧结温度的增加先减小后增加,100℃时电阻值最小。同时,PPy基导电油墨在多种基材上具有优良的印刷适性。这些结果表明PPy基导电油墨在柔性导电线路、传感材料和静电屏蔽等领域有很大的应用前景。

低温烧结无颗粒型银导电墨水的制备及其性能研究

导电墨水是柔性印制电子发展的关键,然而,目前导电墨水的烧结温度仍较高,限制了其在某些柔性基材上的使用。本文以乙酸银作为前驱体、氨水为络合剂、乙醇为助剂、甲酸为还原剂,制备了一种可低温烧结的无颗粒型银导电墨水。将该导电墨水滴涂到PET基材后于烘箱中进行烧结成银膜,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)等测试设备对制备的导电墨水和薄膜进行表征。系统研究了还原剂甲酸以及助剂乙醇对导电墨水及薄膜的性能影响。结果表明,该导电墨水具备良好的稳定性,经过90℃低温烧结60 min,其电阻率为11.83μΩ·cm。通过调控墨水配方,银薄膜的粗糙度和均匀性得到显著改善,且薄膜具有良好的弯折性能。

热解温度对直写3D打印石墨烯/SiC_(p)/SiC复合材料性能的影响

通过在碳化硅前驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)溶液中加入石墨烯/SiC_(p)复合粉末,获得石墨烯/SiC_(p)/PCS浆料,采用直写3D打印(DIW)和高温烧结相结合制备了石墨烯/SiC_(p)/SiC复合材料。PCS在不同热解温度下具有不同的产物与性能,本文研究了热解温度对石墨烯/SiC_(p)/SiC复合材料性能的影响。800℃时PCS转化为非晶SiCxOy,随着温度升高至1500℃,非晶SiCxOy逐渐生成导电性更好的β-SiC与游离碳,石墨烯/SiC_(p)/SiC复合材料的电导率从0.93 S·m^(-1)升高至670 S·m^(-1)。1200℃时,复合材料抗压强度和容积密度分别达到最大的12.3 MPa和1.49 g·cm^(-3)。该研究提供了一种基于PCS浆料的直写3D打印工艺制备高导电轻质多孔石墨烯/SiC_(p)/SiC复合陶瓷的方法。

纳米银导电油墨及其在柔性印刷电子中的应用

目的探究纳米银导电油墨及其在柔性印刷电子中的应用。方法通过总结国内外文献,从纳米银颗粒及其导电油墨的制备、印刷工艺、烧结工艺以及在柔性印刷电子技术中的应用几方面总结近年来的研究进展。结果在油墨制备及使用中,简化制备工艺、降低生产成本、实现绿色环保、低温烧结,同时提高油墨的基材适应性是未来纳米银导电油墨的改进重点。直写技术具有精度高、速度快等优势,正逐渐替代丝网印刷技术成为主流。烧结工艺的研究重点在于实现低温烧结,其中化学烧结工艺简单,但提高导电性是研究重点。其他烧结方式则设备昂贵,环境要求高。结论作为功能性电子材料,纳米银导电油墨因出色的电性能和印刷适性,正在被广泛应用于柔性印刷电子中。近年来通过对纳米银及其导电油墨的深入研究及技术改进,在纳米银颗粒的制备、低温烧结技术、节能环保加工工艺等方面获得了一定的进展。与此同时,将其作为功能材料应用于制备柔性传感器中,RFID标签天线、柔性电极、超级电容器、太阳能电池等正受到广泛研究与应用。

高性能导电油墨的研究进展

高性能导电油墨与丝网印刷具有导电性优异、高效率与广泛适用性等突出优点,是电子印刷产业中的核心材料与工艺。介绍了导电油墨的组成、分类与性能。综述了近年来丝网印刷用导电油墨的研究进展,重点关注了不同导电填料对导电油墨导电性能的影响及其应用研究,并探讨了粘结相、溶剂和助剂等成分对导电油墨性能的优化作用,最后进行了展望和总结。

基于导电油墨层电阻层析成像的混凝土裂缝损伤识别

为解决混凝土裂缝损伤的监测问题,提出利用石墨烯碳油墨在混凝土表面制备导电层,利用电阻层析成像技术进行裂缝损伤识别。通过比较损伤前后导电层边界电压变化,利用TV-SB正则化算法重建损伤引起的电导率变化分布图像以确定裂缝损伤情况。分别进行人工模拟裂缝和混凝土梁弯曲裂缝检测实验,来验证所提方法对裂缝损伤识别的效果。实验结果表明,导电油墨层性能良好,电阻层析成像技术重建的电导率变化图像能够较好地反映裂缝损伤的位置和长度等信息,可为混凝土裂缝损伤的监测和识别提供一种有前景的技术。

柔性棉织物压力传感器的制备及性能研究

为了探究柔性传感器在使用时的灵敏度和可靠性,选用液态金属镓铟合金作为导电敏感材料,利用丝网印刷工艺在棉织物上印刷液态金属叉指电极,并将其作为底电极;采用超声法制作液态金属锦纶电极,并将其作为压阻层。将压阻层与底电极上下组装成压阻式柔性棉织物压力传感器,并测试其相关性能。结果表明:当施加不同的外力时,柔性压力传感器的电阻随着外力的增加而线性减小;在0 kPa~2 kPa的压力测试范围内,传感器的灵敏度可达到0.397 kPa^(-1);传感器的加载响应时间为0.135 s,卸载响应时间为0.140 s,对外力的变化具有较好的响应性能和稳定性;制备的柔性棉织物压力传感器在人体手腕弯曲检测中,电阻变化率的循环曲线保持一致,传感器在相同角度的反复弯曲运动中提供了稳定的输出。

基于柔性印刷电路的动态纸媒防伪学习产品探究

为了提高儿童对防伪技术的认知水平,将复杂的防伪技术概念转化为易于理解和吸收的形式,探索并实现一种以纸媒为载体的柔性印刷电路与防伪知识相结合的动态纸媒交互方法。制备了成本低、导电性好、适用于纸基丝网印刷的碳系水性导电油墨,通过学习板、答题纸、知识卡的拼接交互动作,触发柔性印刷电路上的编码点位连通,实现在纸媒实物层面与儿童进行视觉、触觉、听觉的深度交互学习过程。该产品使纸媒与数媒相互融合在一起,共同表达防伪知识的内容并传递给受众,使知识点呈现更加准确、清晰、高效。这种动态纸媒交互方法不仅保留了纸质载体真实自然的教学体验,还通过实体操作充分发挥儿童手、眼、脑的协调作用。同时,以可视化拼接触发编码点位接通的形式让教育大数据有迹可循,进一步推动柔性印刷电路在纸媒创新方面展现出新的活力,更好地传承和发扬中华传统文化的精髓。