Does empowering women benefit poverty reduction?Evidence from a multi-component program in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China

Ending poverty is a top priority of the international development agenda,and governments worldwide have attached great importance to poverty alleviation measures.However,poverty reduction policies have mostly focused on men,which has widened the gap in productivity and income between men and women and increased gender inequality.This paper aims to determine the impacts of a multi-component program on women's empowerment and poverty reduction,and explore the role empowered women play in poverty reduction.The dataset used in this study was collected in nine poor counties of Ulanqab City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China at the end of 2014,yielding a sample of 900 households.Recall questions were used to reconstruct the baseline data and build a panel dataset.Smaller groups of rural households were further identified to better target the women in the beneficiary group.To control the selection bias,propensity score matching,inverse probability weighting,and the difference-in-differences matching method were used to analyze the effect of the program and undertake robust checks.The results show that the program has positive effects on women's empowerment and poverty reduction simultaneously.Empowering women also has positive effects on poverty reduction,and the women who were the beneficiaries have contributed to increasing the incomes and living standards of households.Training,microfinance,and associations are common means or strategies to empower women to address poverty.This paper provides new empirical evidence that women can benefit from a gender-focus program through portfolio intervention such as training,cooperatives,and credit.Empowered women further improve the livelihoods of poor households and help lift them out of poverty.The results suggest that researchers and policymakers need to pay more attention to poverty issues from the perspective of gender.

Income and Expenditure of the Herdsman in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: A Case Study of Xianghuang Banner in Xilin Gol League

Based on the household survey data concerning herdsmen's families in Xianghuang Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, we analyze the income and consumption structure of herdsmen's families in the western regions during the period 2008-2009. The results show that the herdsman's source of income is single, mainly focusing on livestock sale, with poor ability to resist risks; the share of purchase expenses of forage in the consumer spending is the greatest, growing rapidly, followed by spending on food, education and health care; there are many policy subsidies for housing. The characteristics of herdsman's income and consumption are jointly determined by natural factors, market factors, policy factors and personal factors. Based on this, corresponding recommendations are put forth in order to increase herdsman's income and improve the consumption structure: the herdsman should strengthen breeding techniques to improve scientific breeding and increase income, change consumer attitudes, save moderately, and strengthen ability to resist risks; the government should increase the policy subsidies for pastoral areas, strengthen education, training, health care for herdsman, and promote herdsman's quality.

Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources： a ease study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry. Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors. Therefore, the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance. This paper, based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism, summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development, deals with the problem of speciality, and raises the modes of regional development, product development and management. This paper takes Inner Mongolia, the famous grassland tourism destination as example and carries out empirical research. Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, this study analyzes the character- istics of grassland tourism resources, the necessity and feasibility of integrated development, then proposes the following suggestions: idea for development, mode of development, regional cooperation, tourism products development, espe- cially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market, the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.

Behavior Analysis of Self-Driving Tourists Based on Content Analysis of Network Travel Notes: A Case Study of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Self-driving tour is one of the most important ways for people to travel, and network travel notes actually reflect the traveling information of self-driving tourists. In this paper, with the network travel notes of self-driving tourists as the research object, methods such as text analysis and visualization were adopted to study behavior patterns of self-driving tourists, tourism experience,time-space migration, and distribution of tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, from the multiple dimensions of mobile drivers,perceived dimensions, and spatial migration. The results showed that: ① self-driving tourists had a variety of motivations for traveling, in which love for nature dominated; ② self-driving tour destinations were mainly Hulunbuir,Ordos,and Alxa League;③ spatial migration was characterized by obvious seasonal fluctuations. The research on the behavior of self-driving tourists in Inner Mongolia is an important part for the study of the connection between tourism resources and market connection in Inner Mongolia, and is of significance for guiding the theory, practice and policy formulation of self-driving tours in Inner Mongolia.

Opportunities of Inner Mongolia's economic development under the background of the “Silk Road Economic Belt”

"The Silk Road Economic Belt" is a great strategic thought, through which China deepens allround reform and opening up, especially in the major move of opening up to the west. Inner Mongolia autonomous region owns the superior geographical position and was closely related to the Silk Road in ancient times. In the new stage, Inner Mongolia autonomous region should seize the opportunity of the development strategy, and strive to develop economic construction under the background of the belt of Prairie Silk Road, and play an important role in the economic belt of the "Prairie Silk Road".

Sensitivity of livelihood strategy to livestock production and marketization:An empirical analysis of grasslands in Inner Mongolia,China

Recent researches have primarily focused on the relationship between livelihood strategies and livelihood capital,with few empirical studies on the sensitivity of livelihood strategies to livestock production and marketization in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China.This study used an income distribution approach to categorize livelihood strategies of the respondents(n=394)into three types,i.e.,herder livelihood strategy(LS1),petty-herder livelihood strategy(LS2),and non-herder livelihood strategy(LS3).Using the multinomial logistic regression model,we compared livestock production and marketization across the three livelihood strategies.Our findings showed that(1)livestock production and marketization tended to favor LS1;(2)an increase in the land asset(contracted and rented grassland)and off-take rate increased the probability of households choosing LS1;(3)stocking rate was higher for LS1;and(4)the higher critical market-related risks perceived by herders were animal price and hay and corn price.Moreover,higher livestock price acted as a deterrent to diversifying into other livelihood strategies(LS2 and LS3).Finally,this study advocates for policies that will promote the land transfer market,adopt modern techniques in animal husbandry,improve the medium for disseminating market information to herders,and provide incentives for long-term livelihood transformation.

The Fourth Tourism Ministerial Conference of China,Russia and Mongolia Held in Inner Mongolia

On June 23,the Fourth Tourism Ministerial Conference of China,Russia and Mongolia was held in Ulanqab,a city in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region?At the Conference,the representatives of the three countries shared their achievements of cultural and tourist cooperation,and visualized the direction and modality of their trilateral cultural and tourist cooperation in the future.

不同草原防火政策下内蒙古草原火灾发生风险及其驱动因素的研究

草原火灾是草原生态系统中重要的干扰因子之一,不同时期的草原防火政策可能会导致草原火灾发生概率及驱动因素发生变化。本研究基于内蒙古1981~2020年草原火灾数据,以新旧《草原防火条例》实施时间(旧《草原防火条例》1993年10月5日颁布并实施,新《草原防火条例》2008年11月19日颁布并于2009年1月1日起实施)为界线,通过随机森林模型分4个时期(1981~2020年、1981~1993年、1994~2008年、2009~2020年)对内蒙古草原火灾发生概率与驱动因素进行比较与分析,并绘制草原火灾风险等级区划图。结果表明:(1)4个时期建模的全样本AUC在0.930~0.940之间,精度优异。(2)在不同时期,气象因素(日平均相对湿度、气温日较差等)始终是影响草原火灾的主导因素,海拔、距火点最近公路距离等因素也是内蒙古草原火灾发生的重要驱动因素;(3)1981~1993年和1981~2020年草原火灾风险区基本相似,中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市大部分地区和兴安盟北部,1994~2008年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市,而2009~2020年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市西部、锡林郭勒盟北部、阿拉善盟东南部、乌海市和鄂尔多斯市东部。

内蒙古自治区就业质量有效性评估指标体系设计及运用

就业率和失业率一直都是研究就业的主要内容,它们可以作为研究就业现状的指标,但更应该关注就业质量问题。新常态下,供给侧结构性改革引发了劳动力供需不匹配、结构性就业矛盾等问题,即劳动力供需不匹配与就业质量水平较低。在此背景下,内蒙古自治区提升就业质量的重要性日益凸显。

内蒙古自治区医疗卫生资源公平性研究

医疗卫生资源的优化配置是涉及民生的重要问题,作为卫生服务的重要基础,不仅影响卫生服务的质量,而且影响人民群众的健康水平。内蒙古自治区地形复杂多样,各盟市的经济发展水平也存在差异,医疗卫生资源配置出现了不同的层次。根据地理位置,将内蒙古自治区各盟市分为内蒙古东部地区、内蒙古中部地区、内蒙古西部地区,选取内蒙古自治区医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源方面的指标,利用泰尔指数(Theil Index)实证分析2012年至2021年内蒙古自治区的医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源配置。结果显示,内蒙古东部地区、内蒙古中部地区、内蒙古西部地区医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源的泰尔指数虽然呈现下降趋势,但是地区之间的医疗卫生资源配置仍然存在不公平现象。基于此,提出持续优化医疗卫生资源区域布局、做好中蒙医药资源的开发和利用、推进人才队伍建设等建议。

2006—2021年内蒙古耕地集约化与规模化耦合协调性

[目的]研究耕地可持续集约化与规模化耦合协调模式,为制定国土空间规划、乡村振兴、耕地保护等政策提供科学依据。[方法]以内蒙古自治区为例,基于研究区2006—2021年的土地利用实际,运用熵值法构建耕地可持续集约化与规模化评价指标体系,采用多因子综合分析法对耕地可持续集约化与规模化进行测算,根据评价结果进行耦合协调性分析。[结果]2006—2021年内蒙古耕地集约化综合水平在0.218~0.370之间,总体呈上升趋势,空间特征为东西耕地集约化水平较高,中部较低。各盟市耕地集约化水平差距较小,耕地利用程度与产出效果对耕地集约化水平影响较为显著。耕地规模化综合水平在0.433~0.532内波动,总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,空间分布特征不规律。各盟市耕地规模化水平差距较大,耕地斑块形状与面积对耕地规模化水平贡献度较高。在过去15a间,内蒙古耕地集约化与规模化的耦合度由磨合阶段逐步向高度磨合阶段发展,耕地集约化与规模化的耦合协调度持续增长,由濒临失调、勉强协调向初级协调、中级协调跃进,但仍有33.33%的盟市处于勉强协调阶段,空间分布格局大致为东西部较高,中部较低。[结论]内蒙古耕地利用水平存在优化空间,应更加注重对耕地科学利用,改善种植环境,将耕地利用与保护并重,促进内蒙古地区农业可持续高质量发展。

基于分布式水文模型的内蒙古自治区小流域洪水分析技术研究与应用

山丘区在经历短时强降雨时,极易暴发山洪,由于内蒙古自治区小流域水文资料匮乏,导致其预报难度大。对内蒙古自治区全部小流域进行整合分析,重新划分了5935个小流域分区作为洪水预报分析单元,针对不同下垫面和气候条件分析各小流域分区的产汇流特性,以分布式水文模型集群为主对小流域洪水进行分析研究。选取锡伯河试点流域进行应用分析,在该试点流域内洪水模拟预报精度良好,能够满足地区小流域洪水预报预警需求。此研究成果可逐步在内蒙古自治区范围内进行试用推广,为全区防洪减灾提供科学依据。

内蒙古自治区臭氧污染特征及时空重点管控区段研究

基于内蒙古自治区12个盟市的近地面臭氧(O_(3))浓度及气象等其他相关数据分析了内蒙古自治区的O_(3)污染特征,并提出重点管控区域和管控时段。结果表明,2019—2021年基本反映了内蒙古自治区的O_(3)浓度现状,这3年12个盟市的O_(3)质量浓度均未超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)二级标准限值(160μg/m^(3)),空间分布上呈西部和东南部高,中部和东北部低的特点。O_(3)防治典型区乌海及周边地区、河套灌区、“一湖两海”应进行重点管控,重点管控时段应为5—8月。以包头市为例研究发现,产业结构和机动车尾气是O_(3)污染的重要原因,温度大于25℃且风速小于5 m/s时温度和风速增大易促进O_(3)浓度升高。

浅谈内蒙古自治区生态环境保护督察

中央生态环境保护督察是习近平生态文明思想的重大原创性成果和制度性保障。本文介绍了中央生态环境保护督察督察在内蒙古自治区开展情况、问题整改情况以及内蒙古自治区生态环境保护督察存在问题及相关建议。

额济纳旗下陶勒盖西矿段深部铜矿体地质特征及找矿方向浅析

内蒙古自治区额济纳旗下陶勒盖铁矿大地构造位置位于天山地槽褶皱系(Ⅰ)、北山晚华力西地槽褶皱带(Ⅱ),三级构造单元为北山隆起(Ш),属古亚洲成矿域,准格尔成矿省,觉罗塔格-黑鹰山Cu、Ni、Fe、Au、Ag、Mo、W、石膏成矿带,黑鹰山-雅干Fe、Au、Cu、Mo成矿亚带,下陶勒盖西矿段深部铜矿体主要赋存于石炭系下统绿条山组第二岩段的大理岩与华力西期钾长花岗岩接触带附近的矽卡岩中。

Epidemiologically characteristics of human brucellosis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Brucella melitensis in Hinggan League of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China

Background:Hinggan League is located in the Northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the historically endemic area of animal and human brucellosis.In this study,the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis were analyzed,and the genotypic profile and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Brucella melitensis strains isolated from humans in Hinggan League were investigated.Methods:The epidemic characteristics were described using case number,constituent ratio,and rate.The 418 human blood samples were collected and tested by bacteriology,and suspect colonies were isolated and identified by conventional biotyping assays,the VITEK 2.0 microbial identification system,and AMOS(Brucella abortus,B.melitensis,B.ovis,and B.suis)-PCR.Subsequently,all strains were genotyped using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis(MLVA)assays,and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Brucella strains against the 10 most commonly used antibiotics was determined by microdilution method.Results:A total of 22848 cases of human brucellosis were reported from 2004 to 2019,with an annual average incidence of 87.2/100000.The incidence rates in developed areas of animal husbandry(Horqin Youyi Qianqi[161.2/100000]and Horqin Youyi Zhongqi[112.1/100000])were significantly higher than those in forest areas(Arxan[19.2/100000])(χ2=32.561,P<0.001).In addition,peak morbidity occurred during May–August,accounting for 72.6%(16582/22848)of cases.The highest number of cases occurred in the 40+age group,accounting for 44.4%(10137/22484)of cases,and morbidity in males was significantly higher than that in females in all age groups(χ2=299.97,P<0.001),the most common occupation was farmers.A total of 54 B.melitensis strains were divided into 37 genotypes(GT1–37)with 80–100%genetic similarity.All 25 strains were sensitive to seven tested antibiotics,phenotypic resistance to cotrimoxazole and azithromycin was observed in 5(20%)and 25(100%)of the isolates,respectively.Conclusions:Human brucellosis exhibited a significant increasing trend and B.melitensis is the main pathogen responsible for human brucellosis in this region.Improved surveillance of infected animals(sheep)and limiting their transfer and trade are optional strategies for decreasing the incidence of this disease.

内蒙古呼包地区甜荞种质资源农艺性状鉴定与评价

引进甜荞(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)种质资源77份,进行农艺性状的田间鉴定,以期筛选出适宜内蒙古呼包地区种植的优异种质资源。结果表明,遗传性变异度以产量和单株粒重最大,变异系数分别为37.1%、38.5%,一级分枝数、单株粒数、第一侧枝长、茎壁厚、株高的变异系数较大,分别为36.6%、33.9%、32.4%、29.4%、21.9%,表明这些性状有丰富的遗传变异;通过对12个农艺性状的聚类分析表明,77份甜荞品种可分为3类,包括矮秆型21份、大粒高产型34份、高秆抗倒型22份;与产量显著相关的性状为单株粒重、千粒重、单株粒数(P<0.01)。综合来看,筛选出适于内蒙古呼包地区种植的兼具矮秆、高产、抗倒性状的优异甜荞种质资源9份。

内蒙古全方位建设模范自治区的重大意义、深刻内涵与实践路径

内蒙古全方位建设模范自治区是中国式现代化在内蒙古的具体实践,是新时代铸牢中华民族共同体意识的必然要求,是立足于党和国家交给内蒙古“五大任务”的战略需求,也是躬行以民为本思想的重要实践。其内涵包括建设内容的多维度性、建设主体的多元化和建设手段的多样性。全方位建设模范自治区就是要在夯实各族人民感党恩、听党话、跟党走的思想政治根基,铸牢中华民族共同体意识,主动为国家发展大局作贡献和深入推进兴边富民、稳边固边的成效上走在全国的前面,作出表率、树立模范。只有廓清全方位建设模范自治区的重大意义、基本内涵、实现路径,才能明白“为谁建设”“谁来建设”“建设什么”“怎样建设”这几个基本问题,才能在实践中找到落脚点,从而促进内蒙古全方位发展。

“一带一路”背景下内蒙古自治区那达慕国际化高质量发展研究

运用实地调查法、专家访谈法及SWOT分析法等,审视和分析“一带一路”背景下内蒙古自治区那达慕发展的优势、劣势、机遇、挑战,可以发现,当前那达慕的发展存在着自然与人文资源丰富、文化底蕴深厚等优势,存在着政府的政策支持、人民精神文化需求不断增长等机遇,同时也面临着创新驱动力薄弱、缺乏完善的管理机制与体制建设等劣势;存在着人口流动加速传承主体缺失、我国体育国际话语权薄弱等挑战。为此,那达慕高质量发展应采取优化传播对策、增进语言互通、加强国际交流与合作、强化人才支撑等策略。