As a basic natural resource and strategic economic resource,the development and utilization of water resources is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.How to scientifically ev...As a basic natural resource and strategic economic resource,the development and utilization of water resources is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.How to scientifically evaluate the water resources carrying capacity is the premise to improve the regional water resources carrying capacity and ensure the regional water security.The Gansu section of the Yellow River basin is an important water conservation and recharge area.Whether the water resources in this area can ensure the normal operation of the ecosystem and whether it can carry the sustainable development of social economy is the key to realize the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.In this study,from the three dimensions of water consumption per capita,water consumption of 10000 yuan GDP and ecological water use rate,by constructing the evaluation index system and index grading standard of water resources carrying capacity,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity of Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin,in order to provide theoretical decision-making basis for the comprehensive development,utilization and planning management of water resources in Gansu section of the Yellow River basin and even the whole basin,and help the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.展开更多
Based on an empirical sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of ＂more input, more output＂ for sediment-laden flow in rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which can ta...Based on an empirical sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of ＂more input, more output＂ for sediment-laden flow in rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which can take into account the effects of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative sediment deposition, critical runoff for sediment initiation, and the differences in sediment particle sizes between the mainstream and tributaries. Then, sedi- ment load equations for non-flood and flood seasons for the sub-reaches from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai, as well as the whole Inner Mongolia reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai, were formulated based on data collected between 1952 and 2010. The corresponding sediment deposition and the cumulative values at each river reach were calculated using the proposed sediment transport equations for the period 1952 to 2010 according to the principle of sediment conservation. Comparisons between the calculated and measured values using the proposed sediment load equations for the sub-reaches and the entire reach showed that the calculated sediment load and sediment deposition and the cor- responding cumulative values in the flood and non-flood seasons were in good agreement with the measured values. These results indicated that the proposed methods can be applied to calculate the sediment load and the associated sediment deposition in the flood and non-flood seasons for long-term trend analysis of sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.展开更多
Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China. Understanding the composition, distribution, and transport processes of...Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China. Understanding the composition, distribution, and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion. In this study, based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments, we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes （SS） with different sand cover patterns （including length and thickness） and uncovered loess slopes （LS） to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion. The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function. Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS. The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed. The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS. Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes. The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage. Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion, not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess, compared with the loess slopes without sand cover. The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount. Furthermore, given the same sand cover pattern, a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion. This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.展开更多
黄河流域山西段是重要的生态屏障区,明晰生态系统服务权衡/协同强度的时空格局,对生态保护及经济协调发展具有重要意义。本文基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)...黄河流域山西段是重要的生态屏障区,明晰生态系统服务权衡/协同强度的时空格局,对生态保护及经济协调发展具有重要意义。本文基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)量化生态系统服务供给量和需求量,通过均方根偏差(Root Mean Square Deviation,RMSD)量化生态系统服务权衡强度,利用结构方程模型(Structural Equation Model,SEM)分析权衡强度的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年产水(Water Yield,WY)和土壤保持服务(Soil Conservation,SC)、产水和固碳服务(Carbon Sequestration,CS)供给权衡强度呈上升趋势,产水和土壤保持服务、产水和固碳服务需求协同强度呈下降趋势。(2)除产水服务在2020年供给—需求权衡强度大于0,2000—2020年产水、土壤保持和固碳服务的供给—需求权衡强度均小于0。(3)生态系统服务权衡/协同强度主要受自然因素影响,蒸散发对产水和土壤保持服务、产水和固碳服务供给权衡具有促进作用,对产水服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用;草地面积占比对产水和固碳服务供给权衡及产水和土壤保持服务需求协同具有抑制作用,对固碳服务供给—需求权衡具有促进作用;降水对产水和固碳服务需求协同及土壤保持服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用,对产水服务供给—需求权衡具有促进作用。(4)社会经济因素对生态系统服务权衡/协同强度具有次要作用,人口密度对产水和土壤保持服务需求协同具有促进作用,而对产水服务供给—需求权衡及固碳服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用。因此,在制定流域综合管理决策时应考虑生态系统服务权衡/协同强度的空间特征和驱动因素的差异性。展开更多
基金Supported by Gansu Province 2023 Education Science and Technology Innovation Project(2023B-431).
文摘As a basic natural resource and strategic economic resource,the development and utilization of water resources is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.How to scientifically evaluate the water resources carrying capacity is the premise to improve the regional water resources carrying capacity and ensure the regional water security.The Gansu section of the Yellow River basin is an important water conservation and recharge area.Whether the water resources in this area can ensure the normal operation of the ecosystem and whether it can carry the sustainable development of social economy is the key to realize the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.In this study,from the three dimensions of water consumption per capita,water consumption of 10000 yuan GDP and ecological water use rate,by constructing the evaluation index system and index grading standard of water resources carrying capacity,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity of Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin,in order to provide theoretical decision-making basis for the comprehensive development,utilization and planning management of water resources in Gansu section of the Yellow River basin and even the whole basin,and help the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.
基金National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China,No.2011CB403304National Science and Technology Supporting Plan of the Twelfth Five-year Plan,No.2012BAB02B02
文摘Based on an empirical sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of ＂more input, more output＂ for sediment-laden flow in rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which can take into account the effects of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative sediment deposition, critical runoff for sediment initiation, and the differences in sediment particle sizes between the mainstream and tributaries. Then, sedi- ment load equations for non-flood and flood seasons for the sub-reaches from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai, as well as the whole Inner Mongolia reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai, were formulated based on data collected between 1952 and 2010. The corresponding sediment deposition and the cumulative values at each river reach were calculated using the proposed sediment transport equations for the period 1952 to 2010 according to the principle of sediment conservation. Comparisons between the calculated and measured values using the proposed sediment load equations for the sub-reaches and the entire reach showed that the calculated sediment load and sediment deposition and the cor- responding cumulative values in the flood and non-flood seasons were in good agreement with the measured values. These results indicated that the proposed methods can be applied to calculate the sediment load and the associated sediment deposition in the flood and non-flood seasons for long-term trend analysis of sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0402404, 2016YFC0402407)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (L1624052, 41330858, 41471226, and 51509203)the Dr.Innovation Fund of Xi’an University of Technology (310-252071505)
文摘Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China. Understanding the composition, distribution, and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion. In this study, based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments, we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes （SS） with different sand cover patterns （including length and thickness） and uncovered loess slopes （LS） to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion. The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function. Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS. The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed. The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS. Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes. The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage. Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion, not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess, compared with the loess slopes without sand cover. The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount. Furthermore, given the same sand cover pattern, a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion. This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.
文摘黄河流域山西段是重要的生态屏障区,明晰生态系统服务权衡/协同强度的时空格局,对生态保护及经济协调发展具有重要意义。本文基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)量化生态系统服务供给量和需求量,通过均方根偏差(Root Mean Square Deviation,RMSD)量化生态系统服务权衡强度,利用结构方程模型(Structural Equation Model,SEM)分析权衡强度的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年产水(Water Yield,WY)和土壤保持服务(Soil Conservation,SC)、产水和固碳服务(Carbon Sequestration,CS)供给权衡强度呈上升趋势,产水和土壤保持服务、产水和固碳服务需求协同强度呈下降趋势。(2)除产水服务在2020年供给—需求权衡强度大于0,2000—2020年产水、土壤保持和固碳服务的供给—需求权衡强度均小于0。(3)生态系统服务权衡/协同强度主要受自然因素影响,蒸散发对产水和土壤保持服务、产水和固碳服务供给权衡具有促进作用,对产水服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用;草地面积占比对产水和固碳服务供给权衡及产水和土壤保持服务需求协同具有抑制作用,对固碳服务供给—需求权衡具有促进作用;降水对产水和固碳服务需求协同及土壤保持服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用,对产水服务供给—需求权衡具有促进作用。(4)社会经济因素对生态系统服务权衡/协同强度具有次要作用,人口密度对产水和土壤保持服务需求协同具有促进作用,而对产水服务供给—需求权衡及固碳服务供给—需求权衡具有抑制作用。因此,在制定流域综合管理决策时应考虑生态系统服务权衡/协同强度的空间特征和驱动因素的差异性。
