Study on the Moment Magnitude of Small and Moderate Earthquakes Located in the Inner Mongolia Region

Based on digital seismic waveform data from Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network,the source spectrum parameters of 182 small and moderate earthquakes from January,2009to September,2016 are derived,and the seismic momentmoment magnitude MW of the earthquakes are calculated.Theand the relationship between stress drop and magnitude are obtained using the linear regression method.It is clear that incorporating the moment magnitude into the seismic quick report catalog and the official earthquake catalog can enrich earthquake observation report content,thus providing better service for earthquake emergency and earthquake scientific research.

Does empowering women benefit poverty reduction?Evidence from a multi-component program in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China

Ending poverty is a top priority of the international development agenda,and governments worldwide have attached great importance to poverty alleviation measures.However,poverty reduction policies have mostly focused on men,which has widened the gap in productivity and income between men and women and increased gender inequality.This paper aims to determine the impacts of a multi-component program on women's empowerment and poverty reduction,and explore the role empowered women play in poverty reduction.The dataset used in this study was collected in nine poor counties of Ulanqab City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China at the end of 2014,yielding a sample of 900 households.Recall questions were used to reconstruct the baseline data and build a panel dataset.Smaller groups of rural households were further identified to better target the women in the beneficiary group.To control the selection bias,propensity score matching,inverse probability weighting,and the difference-in-differences matching method were used to analyze the effect of the program and undertake robust checks.The results show that the program has positive effects on women's empowerment and poverty reduction simultaneously.Empowering women also has positive effects on poverty reduction,and the women who were the beneficiaries have contributed to increasing the incomes and living standards of households.Training,microfinance,and associations are common means or strategies to empower women to address poverty.This paper provides new empirical evidence that women can benefit from a gender-focus program through portfolio intervention such as training,cooperatives,and credit.Empowered women further improve the livelihoods of poor households and help lift them out of poverty.The results suggest that researchers and policymakers need to pay more attention to poverty issues from the perspective of gender.

Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources: a case study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry.Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors.Therefore,the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance.This paper,based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism,summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development,deals nation as example and carries out empirical research.Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia,this study analyzes the characteristics of grassland tourism resources,the necessity and feasibility of integrated development,then proposes the following suggestions： idea for development,mode of development,regional cooperation,tourism products development,especially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market,the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.

Income and Expenditure of the Herdsman in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: A Case Study of Xianghuang Banner in Xilin Gol League

Based on the household survey data concerning herdsmen's families in Xianghuang Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, we analyze the income and consumption structure of herdsmen's families in the western regions during the period 2008-2009. The results show that the herdsman's source of income is single, mainly focusing on livestock sale, with poor ability to resist risks; the share of purchase expenses of forage in the consumer spending is the greatest, growing rapidly, followed by spending on food, education and health care; there are many policy subsidies for housing. The characteristics of herdsman's income and consumption are jointly determined by natural factors, market factors, policy factors and personal factors. Based on this, corresponding recommendations are put forth in order to increase herdsman's income and improve the consumption structure: the herdsman should strengthen breeding techniques to improve scientific breeding and increase income, change consumer attitudes, save moderately, and strengthen ability to resist risks; the government should increase the policy subsidies for pastoral areas, strengthen education, training, health care for herdsman, and promote herdsman's quality.

Molecular Biomarker Characteristics of the Linxi Formation Source Rocks in the Middle-Western Region of Inner Mongolia:New evidence for late-stage tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

Objective Two important geological issues have long been controversial in the Xing-Meng area of North China. The first concerns the final closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean in Xing-Meng area, and the other concerns the folding and lifting of the Xing-Meng Trough. The focus of thses issues is the Late Permian sedimentary environment, which is generally considered to be either an exclusively continental environment or from the closed inland sea environment in the Early to Middle stage to continental lacustrine environment in the late stage. In recent years, we have successively discovered abundant typical marine fossils （e.g., bryozoans and calcareous algae） in the Upper Permian thick limestone layer from Linxi County and Ar Horqin Banner in eastern region of Inner Mongolia and Jiutain County in Jilin Province. These significant findings have attracted the attention from fellow academics.

Behavior Analysis of Self-Driving Tourists Based on Content Analysis of Network Travel Notes: A Case Study of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Self-diiviiig tour is one of the most important wajrs for people to travel, and network travel notes actually reflect the traveling information of self-driving tourists. In this paper, witii the network travel notes of self-driving tourists as the tesearch object^ methods such as text analysis and visualization were adopted to study behavior patterns of self-driving tourists, tourism experience, time-space migration, and distribution of tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, fi：om the multiple dimensions of mobile drivers, perceived, dimensions, and spatial migration. The results showed tiiat ①self-cidviiig tourists had a variety of motivations for traveling, in which love for nature dominated; ②self-driving tour destinations were mainly Hulunbuir, Ordos, and Alxa League; ③spatial migration was characterized by obvious seasonal fluctuations. The fesearch on the behavior of self-driving tourists in Inner Mongolia is an important part of the study of the connection between tourism resources and market connection in Inner Mongolia, and is of significance for guiding the theory, practice and poliqr foimuktion of self-doving tours in Inner Mongolia.

Opportunities of Inner Mongolia's economic development under the background of the “Silk Road Economic Belt”

"The Silk Road Economic Belt" is a great strategic thought, through which China deepens allround reform and opening up, especially in the major move of opening up to the west. Inner Mongolia autonomous region owns the superior geographical position and was closely related to the Silk Road in ancient times. In the new stage, Inner Mongolia autonomous region should seize the opportunity of the development strategy, and strive to develop economic construction under the background of the belt of Prairie Silk Road, and play an important role in the economic belt of the "Prairie Silk Road".

The Crustal Velocity Structure of Western Inner Mongolia

The terrain of Inner Mongolia is long and narrow, and the geological structure is complicated. The South China crustal velocity model and Inner Mongolias optimal crustal velocity model 2015 cannot fully meet the earthquake location requirements of Inner Mongolia. Based on the seismological observations produced by Inner Mongolia Seismic Digital Network from 2009 to 2016,the initial model was obtained by using the linear fit of the seismic phases and the converted travel time curve. The Hyposat results of 225 earthquakes that occurred in western Inner Mongolia were scanned using this model,and the velocity model for western Inner Mongolia was determined as follows: V1= 6. 06 km/s;VPb= 6. 61 km/s; Vn= 8. 12 km/s; H1= 30 m; and the Moho depth H = 44 km. Comparison of the test results of the new model and the reference model shows that the residual error of the new model and the mean deviation of the epicenter location have obviously decreased.

The Focal Depth Analysis of the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia Border Area Earthquakes

We selected the 103 M_L≥2. 5 earthquake waveform data from the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia border during 2009-2015,which was recorded by the Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Networks and used the simplex method, Hyposat method, double difference location method,and deterministic method (PTD) for the determination of focal depth,and compared the results. The CAP moment tensor inversion method is used to determine the focal depths of the Alxa Left Banner M5. 8 and M4. 2 earthquakes. The final results of the focal depth by the deterministic method (PTD) and the double difference location method fit well with the tectonic characteristics of the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia border area,but those of the simplex method and the Hyposat method do not. The average depth of the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia border seismic tectonic zone is 13. 32 ± 8 km.

Study on Eco-environmental Stress Trend of Inner Mongolia Based on Ecological Stress Index

[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the eco-environrnental stress trend of Inner Mongolia using ecological stress index method. [Methed] On the basis of the improved ecological stress index （ESI） analysis method, the eco-environmental stress trend of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009 was analyzed, as well as the changes of eco-environmental stress in major industrial cities of Inner Mongolia in 2008. [ Result] With the economic development of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009, the U-shape change could be found in the eco-environmental stress, showing an upward trend on the whole, especially since 2003, and there was a sharp raise in the environmental pollution index. In addition, the eco-enviren- mental stress lessened in most major cities of Inner Mongolian in 2008, but it was in a polarization state, that is, Baotou, Wuhai and Hohhot biased resource and energy consumption, while Ordos and Chifeng biased environmental pollution. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific ref- erences for the protection of ecological environment and the adjustment of industrial structure in Inner Mongolia.

不同草原防火政策下内蒙古草原火灾发生风险及其驱动因素的研究

草原火灾是草原生态系统中重要的干扰因子之一,不同时期的草原防火政策可能会导致草原火灾发生概率及驱动因素发生变化。本研究基于内蒙古1981~2020年草原火灾数据,以新旧《草原防火条例》实施时间(旧《草原防火条例》1993年10月5日颁布并实施,新《草原防火条例》2008年11月19日颁布并于2009年1月1日起实施)为界线,通过随机森林模型分4个时期(1981~2020年、1981~1993年、1994~2008年、2009~2020年)对内蒙古草原火灾发生概率与驱动因素进行比较与分析,并绘制草原火灾风险等级区划图。结果表明:(1)4个时期建模的全样本AUC在0.930~0.940之间,精度优异。(2)在不同时期,气象因素(日平均相对湿度、气温日较差等)始终是影响草原火灾的主导因素,海拔、距火点最近公路距离等因素也是内蒙古草原火灾发生的重要驱动因素;(3)1981~1993年和1981~2020年草原火灾风险区基本相似,中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市大部分地区和兴安盟北部,1994~2008年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市,而2009~2020年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市西部、锡林郭勒盟北部、阿拉善盟东南部、乌海市和鄂尔多斯市东部。

内蒙古自治区就业质量有效性评估指标体系设计及运用

就业率和失业率一直都是研究就业的主要内容,它们可以作为研究就业现状的指标,但更应该关注就业质量问题。新常态下,供给侧结构性改革引发了劳动力供需不匹配、结构性就业矛盾等问题,即劳动力供需不匹配与就业质量水平较低。在此背景下,内蒙古自治区提升就业质量的重要性日益凸显。

蒙陕接壤区煤层顶板涌水水源智能判别方法

蒙陕接壤区煤炭高强度开采诱发的煤层顶板水害问题日益凸显,高效智能地判别煤层顶板涌水水源是顶板水害防治的关键。以蒙陕接壤区3个典型矿井为研究对象,将无机指标K^(+)+Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)、TDS和有机指标UV_(254)、TOC、溶解性有机质(DOM)的荧光光谱作为判别指标,利用主成分分析法(PCA)对80组地下水水样数据进行主成分提取,提出一种人工鱼群算法(AFSA)改进随机森林(RF)的PCA-AFSA-RF顶板涌水水源智能判别方法。首先,建立PCA-RF判别模型,其准确率(A_(c))、精确率(P_(r))、召回率(R_(c))和F-measure指数(f_(1))分别达到了83.00%、83.17%、80.42%和79.57%;其次,通过AFSA对PCA-RF判别模型中决策树数目、树深和内部节点分裂所需的最小样本数进行寻优,在AFSA中引入遗传机制以避免陷入局部最优,建立基于PCA-AFSA-RF的煤层顶板涌水水源智能判别模型,该模型A_(c)、P_(r)、R_(c)、f_(1)分别达到92.18%、91.11%、87.58%和88.82%,较PCA-RF分别提高9.18%、7.94%、7.16%和9.25%,回代准确率达到97.50%;最后,利用该模型对12个矿井水水样进行判别,结果与现场实际相一致,表明AFSA改进后的PCA-RF模型具有更好的准确性和泛化能力。研究结果可为煤层顶板涌水水源的准确判别提供新方法。

内蒙古自治区医疗卫生资源公平性研究

医疗卫生资源的优化配置是涉及民生的重要问题,作为卫生服务的重要基础,不仅影响卫生服务的质量,而且影响人民群众的健康水平。内蒙古自治区地形复杂多样,各盟市的经济发展水平也存在差异,医疗卫生资源配置出现了不同的层次。根据地理位置,将内蒙古自治区各盟市分为内蒙古东部地区、内蒙古中部地区、内蒙古西部地区,选取内蒙古自治区医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源方面的指标,利用泰尔指数(Theil Index)实证分析2012年至2021年内蒙古自治区的医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源配置。结果显示,内蒙古东部地区、内蒙古中部地区、内蒙古西部地区医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源的泰尔指数虽然呈现下降趋势,但是地区之间的医疗卫生资源配置仍然存在不公平现象。基于此,提出持续优化医疗卫生资源区域布局、做好中蒙医药资源的开发和利用、推进人才队伍建设等建议。

试论北疆文化的学理与实践定位

准确定位北疆文化是展开相关工作的前提,学理与实践是北疆文化定位的两大方面。从学理角度看,北疆文化是中华文化的重要组成部分,北疆文化的精神标识是中华优秀传统文化的重要体现;北疆文化是涵盖内蒙古地区诸文化类型且具有鲜明特色的地域文化。从实践角度看,北疆文化及其品牌打造为中华民族交往交流交融提供了样板,对阐释中华文明突出特性、建设中华民族现代文明具有重要意义;北疆文化建设是助力内蒙古在铸牢中华民族共同体意识上做模范,更好地推进、落实好“两件大事”的重要抓手。

内蒙古地区自然发酵酸菜汤中亚硝酸盐、有机酸含量和细菌群落特征分析

利用高效液相色谱技术和高通量测序技术对内蒙古10个地区(编号分别为HS、WLCB、CF、BT、BM、ALS、HM、ERDS、XAM和TL)自然发酵酸菜汤样品中亚硝酸盐、有机酸含量和细菌群落特征进行分析,并对结果进行相关性分析。结果表明,自然发酵酸菜汤样品中亚硝酸盐含量在0.04~0.28 mg/kg之间。乳酸是含量最高的有机酸(1.97~46.45 mg/mL),草酸、甲酸、苹果酸、乙酸、柠檬酸和富马酸含量在各样品间差异显著(P<0.05)。所采集样品中厚壁菌门(Firmictes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是优势细菌门,乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和片球菌属(Pediococcus)为优势细菌属。基于群落结构差异,可将10份样品分为三个类型。相关性分析结果显示,乳球菌属(Lactococcus)和明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)与多数细菌属呈显著正相关(P<0.05),Lactococcus、Leuconostoc和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)等属与除乳酸和苹果酸以外的7种有机酸分别呈显著正相关(P<0.05),苹果酸与亚硝酸盐呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。

黄河文化在内蒙古地区的当代价值

黄河文化在内蒙古地区的当代价值是多方面的,它既承载着历史记忆和文化认同,又为当地的经济、社会和生态发展提供了新的动力。当代,内蒙古地区在发扬黄河文化方面做出了积极的贡献,通过科学谋划、加强文化的保护和研究、强化黄河文化展示利用工作以及打造文化旅游品牌等多种方式,不断推进黄河文化的传承和弘扬。未来黄河文化在内蒙古的发展趋势体现在社会普及、创新发展、数字化发展、绿色转型、国际化合作与交流、文旅融合六个方面。这些趋势将有助于深入挖掘和传承黄河文化的当代价值,推动其在国际上的知名度与影响力。

内蒙古大兴安岭东部林下植物生物多样性海拔差异

海拔影响生物多样性分异,为探究寒温带山岭地区海拔对林下植物多样性分布影响,选择内蒙古大兴安岭东部地区,采用样地调研法,设置E1(200—350 m),E2(350—500 m),E3(500—650 m),E4(650—800 m),E5(800—950 m),E6(950—1100 m)6个不同海拔梯度,调研165个林地样点以了解不同海拔森林群落物种组成,研究林下植物生物多样性海拔差异性、地形因素、乔木层优势物种与林下植物生物多样性的相关性。研究得出:(1)调研区林下植物共277种隶属于53科135属,灌木32种、草本245种;(2)森林乔灌群落随海拔依次为蒙古栎-黑桦-榛-胡枝子群落(E1—E2)、落叶松-白桦-榛-胡枝子群落(E3)、落叶松-白桦-欧亚绣线菊-绣线菊群落(E4)、落叶松-白桦-兴安杜鹃-越橘群落(E5)、落叶松-白桦-越橘-偃松群落(E6);(3)林下植物群落生物多样性随海拔上升呈现明显的单峰格局。生物多样性草本层>灌木层,灌木层随海拔升高呈上升趋势,草本层呈先下降后升高再下降的波动下降趋势;(4)草本层物种替换速率远高于灌木层,E3—E4与E2—E3梯度内灌木层与草本层物种替换速率分别达到峰值;灌木层与草本层相邻海拔梯度间相似度指数均呈先下降后升高再下降的波动形式;(5)地理因素及优势乔木种不同能够显著影响林下植物α多样性,灌木层α多样性与海拔、纬度呈正相关,与经度、坡度呈负相关。草本层与海拔呈负相关,与纬度、坡向呈正相关,海拔对草本层α多样性影响高于灌木层。郁闭度与灌木层α多样性呈正相关,与草本层α多样性呈负相关;落叶松增多可提升灌木层生物多样性,黑桦会降低灌木层物种丰富度,而山杨会降低草本层物种分布的均匀度。研究结果为保护与利用内蒙古大兴安岭林下植物,丰富寒温带山岭地区林下植物多样性海拔分布理论提供科学依据。

内蒙古自治区植被碳利用效率时空动态及其与水热因子的关系

[目的]探讨内蒙古植被碳利用效率(CUE)动态变化及其与水热因子的关系,为评估该地区植被碳汇能力提供科学依据。[方法]基于MOD17A2H数据,采用趋势分析、Hurst指数、相关性分析等方法,研究2000-2022年内蒙古生长季植被CUE时空动态及水热因子的影响作用。[结果]①2000-2022年内蒙古生长季植被CUE显著增加(p<0.05),增长率为0.012/10 a;各重点生态功能区植被CUE增速由大到小为:大小兴安岭>呼伦贝尔>浑善达克>科尔沁>阴山北麓。②内蒙古生长季植被CUE呈西高东低的空间分布特征,多年平均值为0.60;各重点生态功能区中,浑善达克植被CUE最高,科尔沁植被CUE最低。③研究区83.53%的区域生长季植被CUE呈增加趋势,且变化稳定;未来72.14%的区域生长季植被CUE将趋于下降,各重点生态功能区植被CUE呈减少趋势的面积比例均高于呈增加趋势。④总体上,内蒙古生长季植被CUE与同期平均气温呈负相关,与累计降水量和平均土壤湿度呈正相关,且与累计降水量的相关性更强;科尔沁生长季植被CUE与同期平均气温的相关性强于累计降水量和平均土壤湿度。[结论]2000-2022年,内蒙古植被固碳能力明显提升,未来将趋于减弱,降水是影响植被CUE变化的主要因素,但科尔沁生态功能区植被CUE变化主要受气温控制。

2006—2021年内蒙古耕地集约化与规模化耦合协调性

[目的]研究耕地可持续集约化与规模化耦合协调模式,为制定国土空间规划、乡村振兴、耕地保护等政策提供科学依据。[方法]以内蒙古自治区为例,基于研究区2006—2021年的土地利用实际,运用熵值法构建耕地可持续集约化与规模化评价指标体系,采用多因子综合分析法对耕地可持续集约化与规模化进行测算,根据评价结果进行耦合协调性分析。[结果]2006—2021年内蒙古耕地集约化综合水平在0.218~0.370之间,总体呈上升趋势,空间特征为东西耕地集约化水平较高,中部较低。各盟市耕地集约化水平差距较小,耕地利用程度与产出效果对耕地集约化水平影响较为显著。耕地规模化综合水平在0.433~0.532内波动,总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,空间分布特征不规律。各盟市耕地规模化水平差距较大,耕地斑块形状与面积对耕地规模化水平贡献度较高。在过去15a间,内蒙古耕地集约化与规模化的耦合度由磨合阶段逐步向高度磨合阶段发展,耕地集约化与规模化的耦合协调度持续增长,由濒临失调、勉强协调向初级协调、中级协调跃进,但仍有33.33%的盟市处于勉强协调阶段,空间分布格局大致为东西部较高,中部较低。[结论]内蒙古耕地利用水平存在优化空间,应更加注重对耕地科学利用,改善种植环境,将耕地利用与保护并重,促进内蒙古地区农业可持续高质量发展。