Characteristics of Hypertension Death in Low-income Regions of Inner Mongolia, China

Hypertension has been a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease[1].Hypertension overall prevalence in adults is 30%–45%,becoming>60%in people aged above 60 years[2],with a worldwide agestandardised prevalence of 20 and 24%in women and men,respectively[3].

Does empowering women benefit poverty reduction?Evidence from a multi-component program in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China

Ending poverty is a top priority of the international development agenda,and governments worldwide have attached great importance to poverty alleviation measures.However,poverty reduction policies have mostly focused on men,which has widened the gap in productivity and income between men and women and increased gender inequality.This paper aims to determine the impacts of a multi-component program on women's empowerment and poverty reduction,and explore the role empowered women play in poverty reduction.The dataset used in this study was collected in nine poor counties of Ulanqab City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China at the end of 2014,yielding a sample of 900 households.Recall questions were used to reconstruct the baseline data and build a panel dataset.Smaller groups of rural households were further identified to better target the women in the beneficiary group.To control the selection bias,propensity score matching,inverse probability weighting,and the difference-in-differences matching method were used to analyze the effect of the program and undertake robust checks.The results show that the program has positive effects on women's empowerment and poverty reduction simultaneously.Empowering women also has positive effects on poverty reduction,and the women who were the beneficiaries have contributed to increasing the incomes and living standards of households.Training,microfinance,and associations are common means or strategies to empower women to address poverty.This paper provides new empirical evidence that women can benefit from a gender-focus program through portfolio intervention such as training,cooperatives,and credit.Empowered women further improve the livelihoods of poor households and help lift them out of poverty.The results suggest that researchers and policymakers need to pay more attention to poverty issues from the perspective of gender.

First record of Early Cretaceous pterosaur from the Ordos Region, Inner Mongolia,China

A new dsungaripterid pterosaur,Ordosipterus planignathus gen.et sp.nov.,is established on the incomplete articulated lower jaws from the Lower Cretaceous Luohandong Formation in Otog Qi,Ordos Region,Inner Mongolia,China.It differs from other dsungaripterids mainly by having broad and low dentary at and just behind the mandibular symphysis,flat dentary dorsal plane forming the distinct lateral ridge with the curved dentary lateral side,and lower alveoli arranged along the dentary dorsolateral margin with wide spacing that increases from rostral to caudal.It represents the first diagnostic pterosaur from the Ordos Region in Inner Mongolia,and further enlarges the geographical distribution of the family Dsungaripteridae from northwestern China(together with western Mongolia)to central North China.

Molecular Biomarker Characteristics of the Linxi Formation Source Rocks in the Middle-Western Region of Inner Mongolia:New evidence for late-stage tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

Objective Two important geological issues have long been controversial in the Xing-Meng area of North China. The first concerns the final closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean in Xing-Meng area, and the other concerns the folding and lifting of the Xing-Meng Trough. The focus of thses issues is the Late Permian sedimentary environment, which is generally considered to be either an exclusively continental environment or from the closed inland sea environment in the Early to Middle stage to continental lacustrine environment in the late stage. In recent years, we have successively discovered abundant typical marine fossils （e.g., bryozoans and calcareous algae） in the Upper Permian thick limestone layer from Linxi County and Ar Horqin Banner in eastern region of Inner Mongolia and Jiutain County in Jilin Province. These significant findings have attracted the attention from fellow academics.

Income and Expenditure of the Herdsman in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: A Case Study of Xianghuang Banner in Xilin Gol League

Based on the household survey data concerning herdsmen's families in Xianghuang Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, we analyze the income and consumption structure of herdsmen's families in the western regions during the period 2008-2009. The results show that the herdsman's source of income is single, mainly focusing on livestock sale, with poor ability to resist risks; the share of purchase expenses of forage in the consumer spending is the greatest, growing rapidly, followed by spending on food, education and health care; there are many policy subsidies for housing. The characteristics of herdsman's income and consumption are jointly determined by natural factors, market factors, policy factors and personal factors. Based on this, corresponding recommendations are put forth in order to increase herdsman's income and improve the consumption structure: the herdsman should strengthen breeding techniques to improve scientific breeding and increase income, change consumer attitudes, save moderately, and strengthen ability to resist risks; the government should increase the policy subsidies for pastoral areas, strengthen education, training, health care for herdsman, and promote herdsman's quality.

Study on the Moment Magnitude of Small and Moderate Earthquakes Located in the Inner Mongolia Region

Based on digital seismic waveform data from Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network,the source spectrum parameters of 182 small and moderate earthquakes from January,2009to September,2016 are derived,and the seismic momentmoment magnitude MW of the earthquakes are calculated.Theand the relationship between stress drop and magnitude are obtained using the linear regression method.It is clear that incorporating the moment magnitude into the seismic quick report catalog and the official earthquake catalog can enrich earthquake observation report content,thus providing better service for earthquake emergency and earthquake scientific research.

Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources： a ease study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry. Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors. Therefore, the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance. This paper, based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism, summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development, deals with the problem of speciality, and raises the modes of regional development, product development and management. This paper takes Inner Mongolia, the famous grassland tourism destination as example and carries out empirical research. Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, this study analyzes the character- istics of grassland tourism resources, the necessity and feasibility of integrated development, then proposes the following suggestions: idea for development, mode of development, regional cooperation, tourism products development, espe- cially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market, the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.

Impacts of Sand and Dust Storms on Regional Economy Based on Stochastic CGE Model : A Case Study in Inner Mongolia, China

[Objectives]The paper was to study the impacts of sand and dust storms(SDS)on regional economy.[Methods]In this paper,we combined the computable general equilibrium(CGE)model and the Monte Carlo method to examine the impact of SDS on the regional economy,with a focus on GDP,price index,employment rate,industrial structure and output,income and expenditure.We extended the standard CGE model,introduced the stochastic parameters into the production module,which had significant impact on economic output,and inserted the rate of change of the total labor supply and the expenditure share of early warning and protective measures into the income and expenditure module.[Results]SDS had significant impacts on regional GDP,employment rate,and industrial output from a macro perspective,and can reduce the income of residents and enterprises and increase expenditures from a micro perspective.The impact can be reduced by taking early warning and protective measures.[Conclusions]The protective measures taken for different grades of SDS have different effects.

Behavior Analysis of Self-Driving Tourists Based on Content Analysis of Network Travel Notes: A Case Study of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Self-driving tour is one of the most important ways for people to travel, and network travel notes actually reflect the traveling information of self-driving tourists. In this paper, with the network travel notes of self-driving tourists as the research object, methods such as text analysis and visualization were adopted to study behavior patterns of self-driving tourists, tourism experience,time-space migration, and distribution of tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, from the multiple dimensions of mobile drivers,perceived dimensions, and spatial migration. The results showed that: ① self-driving tourists had a variety of motivations for traveling, in which love for nature dominated; ② self-driving tour destinations were mainly Hulunbuir,Ordos,and Alxa League;③ spatial migration was characterized by obvious seasonal fluctuations. The research on the behavior of self-driving tourists in Inner Mongolia is an important part for the study of the connection between tourism resources and market connection in Inner Mongolia, and is of significance for guiding the theory, practice and policy formulation of self-driving tours in Inner Mongolia.

不同草原防火政策下内蒙古草原火灾发生风险及其驱动因素的研究

草原火灾是草原生态系统中重要的干扰因子之一,不同时期的草原防火政策可能会导致草原火灾发生概率及驱动因素发生变化。本研究基于内蒙古1981~2020年草原火灾数据,以新旧《草原防火条例》实施时间(旧《草原防火条例》1993年10月5日颁布并实施,新《草原防火条例》2008年11月19日颁布并于2009年1月1日起实施)为界线,通过随机森林模型分4个时期(1981~2020年、1981~1993年、1994~2008年、2009~2020年)对内蒙古草原火灾发生概率与驱动因素进行比较与分析,并绘制草原火灾风险等级区划图。结果表明:(1)4个时期建模的全样本AUC在0.930~0.940之间,精度优异。(2)在不同时期,气象因素(日平均相对湿度、气温日较差等)始终是影响草原火灾的主导因素,海拔、距火点最近公路距离等因素也是内蒙古草原火灾发生的重要驱动因素;(3)1981~1993年和1981~2020年草原火灾风险区基本相似,中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市大部分地区和兴安盟北部,1994~2008年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市,而2009~2020年中、高、极高草原火灾风险区主要集中在呼伦贝尔市西部、锡林郭勒盟北部、阿拉善盟东南部、乌海市和鄂尔多斯市东部。

内蒙古自治区就业质量有效性评估指标体系设计及运用

就业率和失业率一直都是研究就业的主要内容,它们可以作为研究就业现状的指标,但更应该关注就业质量问题。新常态下,供给侧结构性改革引发了劳动力供需不匹配、结构性就业矛盾等问题,即劳动力供需不匹配与就业质量水平较低。在此背景下,内蒙古自治区提升就业质量的重要性日益凸显。

蒙陕接壤区煤层顶板涌水水源智能判别方法

蒙陕接壤区煤炭高强度开采诱发的煤层顶板水害问题日益凸显,高效智能地判别煤层顶板涌水水源是顶板水害防治的关键。以蒙陕接壤区3个典型矿井为研究对象,将无机指标K^(+)+Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)、TDS和有机指标UV_(254)、TOC、溶解性有机质(DOM)的荧光光谱作为判别指标,利用主成分分析法(PCA)对80组地下水水样数据进行主成分提取,提出一种人工鱼群算法(AFSA)改进随机森林(RF)的PCA-AFSA-RF顶板涌水水源智能判别方法。首先,建立PCA-RF判别模型,其准确率(A_(c))、精确率(P_(r))、召回率(R_(c))和F-measure指数(f_(1))分别达到了83.00%、83.17%、80.42%和79.57%;其次,通过AFSA对PCA-RF判别模型中决策树数目、树深和内部节点分裂所需的最小样本数进行寻优,在AFSA中引入遗传机制以避免陷入局部最优,建立基于PCA-AFSA-RF的煤层顶板涌水水源智能判别模型,该模型A_(c)、P_(r)、R_(c)、f_(1)分别达到92.18%、91.11%、87.58%和88.82%,较PCA-RF分别提高9.18%、7.94%、7.16%和9.25%,回代准确率达到97.50%;最后,利用该模型对12个矿井水水样进行判别,结果与现场实际相一致,表明AFSA改进后的PCA-RF模型具有更好的准确性和泛化能力。研究结果可为煤层顶板涌水水源的准确判别提供新方法。

内蒙古自治区医疗卫生资源公平性研究

医疗卫生资源的优化配置是涉及民生的重要问题,作为卫生服务的重要基础,不仅影响卫生服务的质量,而且影响人民群众的健康水平。内蒙古自治区地形复杂多样,各盟市的经济发展水平也存在差异,医疗卫生资源配置出现了不同的层次。根据地理位置,将内蒙古自治区各盟市分为内蒙古东部地区、内蒙古中部地区、内蒙古西部地区,选取内蒙古自治区医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源方面的指标,利用泰尔指数(Theil Index)实证分析2012年至2021年内蒙古自治区的医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源配置。结果显示,内蒙古东部地区、内蒙古中部地区、内蒙古西部地区医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源的泰尔指数虽然呈现下降趋势,但是地区之间的医疗卫生资源配置仍然存在不公平现象。基于此,提出持续优化医疗卫生资源区域布局、做好中蒙医药资源的开发和利用、推进人才队伍建设等建议。

黄河文化在内蒙古地区的当代价值

黄河文化在内蒙古地区的当代价值是多方面的,它既承载着历史记忆和文化认同,又为当地的经济、社会和生态发展提供了新的动力。当代,内蒙古地区在发扬黄河文化方面做出了积极的贡献,通过科学谋划、加强文化的保护和研究、强化黄河文化展示利用工作以及打造文化旅游品牌等多种方式,不断推进黄河文化的传承和弘扬。未来黄河文化在内蒙古的发展趋势体现在社会普及、创新发展、数字化发展、绿色转型、国际化合作与交流、文旅融合六个方面。这些趋势将有助于深入挖掘和传承黄河文化的当代价值,推动其在国际上的知名度与影响力。

内蒙古地区自然发酵酸菜汤中亚硝酸盐、有机酸含量和细菌群落特征分析

利用高效液相色谱技术和高通量测序技术对内蒙古10个地区(编号分别为HS、WLCB、CF、BT、BM、ALS、HM、ERDS、XAM和TL)自然发酵酸菜汤样品中亚硝酸盐、有机酸含量和细菌群落特征进行分析,并对结果进行相关性分析。结果表明,自然发酵酸菜汤样品中亚硝酸盐含量在0.04~0.28 mg/kg之间。乳酸是含量最高的有机酸(1.97~46.45 mg/mL),草酸、甲酸、苹果酸、乙酸、柠檬酸和富马酸含量在各样品间差异显著(P<0.05)。所采集样品中厚壁菌门(Firmictes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是优势细菌门,乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和片球菌属(Pediococcus)为优势细菌属。基于群落结构差异,可将10份样品分为三个类型。相关性分析结果显示,乳球菌属(Lactococcus)和明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)与多数细菌属呈显著正相关(P<0.05),Lactococcus、Leuconostoc和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)等属与除乳酸和苹果酸以外的7种有机酸分别呈显著正相关(P<0.05),苹果酸与亚硝酸盐呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。

“内国”与“外土”:周代铜器铭文所见的两个疆域概念

周代铜器录卣铭中的“内国”及戎生钟铭中的“外土”构成了一对在内涵上密切相关的疆域概念。这两个概念有特定内涵,“内国”意为“内域”,在铭文中指以郑洛地区为中心的中原腹地,这一地区自夏代至两周一直是早期王朝的核心疆域。“外土”为周王朝领土的外层区域,其地存在着大量的土著族群。不过作为周王朝能够有效管辖的区域,该区仍属周王朝之疆域。“内国”与“外土”作为一对疆域概念,反映了周王朝疆域形态及疆域治理均具有多层次性的特征。“内国”是王朝疆域的内层,由王廷所任命的内服职官加以治理。“外土”则是王朝疆域的外层,周王朝于此广设侯、伯贵族以治理土著族群并威慑在其之外的敌对势力。至于“外土”之外的区域,亦可能受到周人的军事打击,但周王朝已无法对其进行有效控制,其地已非周之疆域。

试论北疆文化的学理与实践定位

准确定位北疆文化是展开相关工作的前提,学理与实践是北疆文化定位的两大方面。从学理角度看,北疆文化是中华文化的重要组成部分,北疆文化的精神标识是中华优秀传统文化的重要体现;北疆文化是涵盖内蒙古地区诸文化类型且具有鲜明特色的地域文化。从实践角度看,北疆文化及其品牌打造为中华民族交往交流交融提供了样板,对阐释中华文明突出特性、建设中华民族现代文明具有重要意义;北疆文化建设是助力内蒙古在铸牢中华民族共同体意识上做模范,更好地推进、落实好“两件大事”的重要抓手。

内蒙古大兴安岭东部林下植物生物多样性海拔差异

海拔影响生物多样性分异,为探究寒温带山岭地区海拔对林下植物多样性分布影响,选择内蒙古大兴安岭东部地区,采用样地调研法,设置E1(200—350 m),E2(350—500 m),E3(500—650 m),E4(650—800 m),E5(800—950 m),E6(950—1100 m)6个不同海拔梯度,调研165个林地样点以了解不同海拔森林群落物种组成,研究林下植物生物多样性海拔差异性、地形因素、乔木层优势物种与林下植物生物多样性的相关性。研究得出:(1)调研区林下植物共277种隶属于53科135属,灌木32种、草本245种;(2)森林乔灌群落随海拔依次为蒙古栎-黑桦-榛-胡枝子群落(E1—E2)、落叶松-白桦-榛-胡枝子群落(E3)、落叶松-白桦-欧亚绣线菊-绣线菊群落(E4)、落叶松-白桦-兴安杜鹃-越橘群落(E5)、落叶松-白桦-越橘-偃松群落(E6);(3)林下植物群落生物多样性随海拔上升呈现明显的单峰格局。生物多样性草本层>灌木层,灌木层随海拔升高呈上升趋势,草本层呈先下降后升高再下降的波动下降趋势;(4)草本层物种替换速率远高于灌木层,E3—E4与E2—E3梯度内灌木层与草本层物种替换速率分别达到峰值;灌木层与草本层相邻海拔梯度间相似度指数均呈先下降后升高再下降的波动形式;(5)地理因素及优势乔木种不同能够显著影响林下植物α多样性,灌木层α多样性与海拔、纬度呈正相关,与经度、坡度呈负相关。草本层与海拔呈负相关,与纬度、坡向呈正相关,海拔对草本层α多样性影响高于灌木层。郁闭度与灌木层α多样性呈正相关,与草本层α多样性呈负相关;落叶松增多可提升灌木层生物多样性,黑桦会降低灌木层物种丰富度,而山杨会降低草本层物种分布的均匀度。研究结果为保护与利用内蒙古大兴安岭林下植物,丰富寒温带山岭地区林下植物多样性海拔分布理论提供科学依据。

内蒙古自治区中西部Lg波衰减及场地响应特征研究

基于Lg波谱比与台站场地响应联合反演的方法,选取2016-2020年内蒙古自治区及邻区地震台网记录到的ML≥2.8地震事件78次,开展内蒙古自治区中西部地震波衰减和场地响应分析研究。结果显示,三分向衰减参数分别为Q_(UD)(f)=372·f^(0.54),Q_(EW)(f)=287·f^(0.59),Q_(NS)(f)=382·f^(0.43)。分析34个台站场地响应可得,EKH、 BYT、 HYS台站在1~7 Hz频段内有明显放大效应,BHS、 XLT、 RLT台站在1~3 Hz频段有明显放大效应,可能与台站所处复杂的地质构造有关。