We revisit the quantum decoherence problem of the center of mass motion of a macroscopic object, which is modelled as a one-dimensional atom chain. Induced by the coupling of the center of mass (C.M) motion with the...We revisit the quantum decoherence problem of the center of mass motion of a macroscopic object, which is modelled as a one-dimensional atom chain. Induced by the coupling of the center of mass (C.M) motion with the inner degrees of freedom, this inner-environment-induced decoherence is reflected by the localization of the C.M wave packet. We show that, the C.M motion is coupled to the inner states only when the chain has interaction with the external potential. This result provides a realistic mechanism for the analysis of the inner-environment-induced localization of a macroscopic object.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the eco-environrnental stress trend of Inner Mongolia using ecological stress index method. [Methed] On the basis of the improved ecological stress index (ESI) analysis method,...[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the eco-environrnental stress trend of Inner Mongolia using ecological stress index method. [Methed] On the basis of the improved ecological stress index (ESI) analysis method, the eco-environmental stress trend of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009 was analyzed, as well as the changes of eco-environmental stress in major industrial cities of Inner Mongolia in 2008. [ Result] With the economic development of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009, the U-shape change could be found in the eco-environmental stress, showing an upward trend on the whole, especially since 2003, and there was a sharp raise in the environmental pollution index. In addition, the eco-enviren- mental stress lessened in most major cities of Inner Mongolian in 2008, but it was in a polarization state, that is, Baotou, Wuhai and Hohhot biased resource and energy consumption, while Ordos and Chifeng biased environmental pollution. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific ref- erences for the protection of ecological environment and the adjustment of industrial structure in Inner Mongolia.展开更多
Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental poll...Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental pollution problem generated by dairy farming in Inner Mongolia and its cause were analyzed,and prevention and control measures were put forward. The research result showed that weak technology support of environmental treatment and environmental-protection awareness of dairy farmer and bad application effect of pollution control technology caused by lower education degree of dairy farmer were main reasons for environmental pollution problem. We should develop dairy circular economy,advocate a moderate scale,scientifically breed,and enhance training of pollution control technology and propaganda to protect environment.展开更多
Using radiosonde measurements from 26 July to 30 July 2014 at Baiqi over the Inner Mongolia grassland of China, the vertical structure of shallow cumulus (SCu) clouds and associated environmental conditions were inv...Using radiosonde measurements from 26 July to 30 July 2014 at Baiqi over the Inner Mongolia grassland of China, the vertical structure of shallow cumulus (SCu) clouds and associated environmental conditions were investigated. The cloud base height and the cloud top height of SCu was 3.4 km and 5 km, respectively. The temperature of the SCu layer was less than 0℃. The horizontal advection of specific humidity was smaller than the vertical transport in the atmosphere below 5 km. Above 5 km, the thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere remained stable. At the interface of the cloud layer and free air atmosphere, there was obvious wind shear and a temperature inversion (-2.9~C). Comparisons of environmental parameters associated with cumulus congestus, rain and clear days, showed that the formation of SCu was characterized by a higher Bowen ratio (high sensible heat flux and low latent heat flux), which indicated intensive turbulence in the boundary layer. The formation of SCu was associated with the boundary layer height exceeding the lifting condensation level. The maintenance of SCu was likely associated with the lower convective available potential energy, weak wind shear, and weak subsidence of the synoptic system, which did not favor the dramatic vertical development of SCu and thereby the transformation of SCu to cumulus congestus.展开更多
Using the static opaque chamber method, the soil respiration rates (SR) were measured through the continuous experiments in situ in semiarid Stipa grandis steppe in Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia, China from Ju...Using the static opaque chamber method, the soil respiration rates (SR) were measured through the continuous experiments in situ in semiarid Stipa grandis steppe in Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia, China from June 2001 to June 2003, in parallel, the difference between the SR and the ecosystem respiration rates (TER) were compared. The results indicated that the seasonal variations of the SR and TER were obvious with higher emissions in growing season and a relatively low efflux level in non-growing season, furthermore, the negative effluxes were found in the observation site in winter; the annual CO2 efflux of total ecosystem ranged from 160.5 gC/(m^2·a) to 162.8 gC/(m^2·a) and that of soil ranged from 118.7 gC/(m^2·a) to 152.3 gC/(m^2·a). The annual SR accounted for about 74.0% to 93.5% of the annual TER, but the results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that the difference between the annual average TER and SR did not reach the significance level of 0.05. The TER was under similar environmental controls as SR, in growing seasons of drought years, the variations of soil moisture at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth could account for 79,1% 95.6% of the changes of the SR and TER, but in non-growing season, more than 75% of the variations of the SR and TER could be explained by the changes of the ground temperature of soil surface layers.展开更多
台风尺度表征了台风低层风场特定风速半径大小,是台风灾害影响范围的重要度量.针对超强台风“舒力基”(2021),对其尺度可预报性进行初步探讨.结果表明,模式可以模拟出台风发展初期台风尺度(内核尺度RMW、外围尺度R17)的演变趋势.基于集...台风尺度表征了台风低层风场特定风速半径大小,是台风灾害影响范围的重要度量.针对超强台风“舒力基”(2021),对其尺度可预报性进行初步探讨.结果表明,模式可以模拟出台风发展初期台风尺度(内核尺度RMW、外围尺度R17)的演变趋势.基于集合预报的模拟试验,具体分析了内核尺度RMW、外围尺度R17演变及其误差增长特征.台风预报总体误差主要出现在对流层下层850 h Pa,距离台风中心50~150 km.从初始环境场看,初始相对湿度是影响台风尺度误差增长的重要因子,初始高湿环境有利于台风发展阶段的台风尺度高离散度,从而限制了台风尺度的可预报性.在一定程度上,外围风圈半径的可预报性要高于内核风圈半径.展开更多
通过对内蒙古中部黄旗海湖泊沉积特征、粒度及孢粉组合等指标的综合分析,重建了该地区全新世中晚期以来的环境变化过程,将黄旗海4360 a BP以来气候环境变化分为7个阶段,其中有三次显著的干冷事件分别发生在2400-2140 a BP,1510-1270 a B...通过对内蒙古中部黄旗海湖泊沉积特征、粒度及孢粉组合等指标的综合分析,重建了该地区全新世中晚期以来的环境变化过程,将黄旗海4360 a BP以来气候环境变化分为7个阶段,其中有三次显著的干冷事件分别发生在2400-2140 a BP,1510-1270 a BP和590-280 a BP期间;三次较温暖湿润时期为3840-2400 a BP,2140-1510 a BP,1270-590 a BP。与区域上全新世晚期以来的环境演变过程基本一致。展开更多
为揭示半干旱草原露天矿区生态环境质量状况,分离矿区人类活动生态累积效应并识别其演变态势,在厘清矿区生态累积效应概念的基础上,构建适用于半干旱草原的露天矿区生态环境质量评估指数(Surface Mining Areas Eco-environmental Evalua...为揭示半干旱草原露天矿区生态环境质量状况,分离矿区人类活动生态累积效应并识别其演变态势,在厘清矿区生态累积效应概念的基础上,构建适用于半干旱草原的露天矿区生态环境质量评估指数(Surface Mining Areas Eco-environmental Evaluation Index,SMAEEI)以及矿区生态累积效应定量评估模型。选取内蒙古胜利矿区为研究区,量化分析1986—2020年区域生态环境质量和生态累积效应的时空分布规律,以及主要人类活动的生态累积效应差异。结果表明:①SMAEEI适用于半干旱草原露天矿区,能客观呈现各地类生态环境质量高低顺序。35 a间研究区生态环境质量呈极显著下降趋势,且其空间差异显著减弱。露天矿场、城镇扩张区、锡林河湿地及北侧草地生态环境质量出现极显著、显著的退化趋势。②半干旱草原露天矿区生态累积效应定量评估模型能剔除气候因素对生态系统的耦合影响,分离并量化人类活动对矿区生态系统的累积效应,揭示累积的方向、程度和空间范围。35 a间研究区生态服务价值累积量(Change of Ecosystem Service Value Cumulant,COESVC)共减少1186157.03万元,出现负向生态累积效应,生态系统服务功能下降。高度、中度负向累积区集中在湿地和草地退化区、城镇区、露天矿场。③露天开采、城镇建设造成的单位面积负向生态累积效应最明显,前者在单位时间内带来的负向累积变化最剧烈,后者负向累积效应的局部影响程度和偏离度最大;放牧活动引起的负向生态累积效应影响范围最广、总量最大,但局部影响程度最小,生态系统服务功能较其余人类活动更稳定。研究成果可将矿区人类活动引起的生态环境实物量变动转化为价值量描述,为采用货币形式测算矿区生产生活行为的环境损害成本提供可行方法。展开更多
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10547106, 90203018, 10474104, and 60433050, and the National Fundamental Research Program of China under Grant Nos. 2001CB309310 and 2005CB724508 L. Zheng thanks sincerely C.P. Sun and P. Zhang for their helpful discussions.
文摘We revisit the quantum decoherence problem of the center of mass motion of a macroscopic object, which is modelled as a one-dimensional atom chain. Induced by the coupling of the center of mass (C.M) motion with the inner degrees of freedom, this inner-environment-induced decoherence is reflected by the localization of the C.M wave packet. We show that, the C.M motion is coupled to the inner states only when the chain has interaction with the external potential. This result provides a realistic mechanism for the analysis of the inner-environment-induced localization of a macroscopic object.
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the eco-environrnental stress trend of Inner Mongolia using ecological stress index method. [Methed] On the basis of the improved ecological stress index (ESI) analysis method, the eco-environmental stress trend of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009 was analyzed, as well as the changes of eco-environmental stress in major industrial cities of Inner Mongolia in 2008. [ Result] With the economic development of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009, the U-shape change could be found in the eco-environmental stress, showing an upward trend on the whole, especially since 2003, and there was a sharp raise in the environmental pollution index. In addition, the eco-enviren- mental stress lessened in most major cities of Inner Mongolian in 2008, but it was in a polarization state, that is, Baotou, Wuhai and Hohhot biased resource and energy consumption, while Ordos and Chifeng biased environmental pollution. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific ref- erences for the protection of ecological environment and the adjustment of industrial structure in Inner Mongolia.
文摘Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental pollution problem generated by dairy farming in Inner Mongolia and its cause were analyzed,and prevention and control measures were put forward. The research result showed that weak technology support of environmental treatment and environmental-protection awareness of dairy farmer and bad application effect of pollution control technology caused by lower education degree of dairy farmer were main reasons for environmental pollution problem. We should develop dairy circular economy,advocate a moderate scale,scientifically breed,and enhance training of pollution control technology and propaganda to protect environment.
基金funded by National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40975001 and 61327810)the State Key Project of Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2016YFC0200403)
文摘Using radiosonde measurements from 26 July to 30 July 2014 at Baiqi over the Inner Mongolia grassland of China, the vertical structure of shallow cumulus (SCu) clouds and associated environmental conditions were investigated. The cloud base height and the cloud top height of SCu was 3.4 km and 5 km, respectively. The temperature of the SCu layer was less than 0℃. The horizontal advection of specific humidity was smaller than the vertical transport in the atmosphere below 5 km. Above 5 km, the thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere remained stable. At the interface of the cloud layer and free air atmosphere, there was obvious wind shear and a temperature inversion (-2.9~C). Comparisons of environmental parameters associated with cumulus congestus, rain and clear days, showed that the formation of SCu was characterized by a higher Bowen ratio (high sensible heat flux and low latent heat flux), which indicated intensive turbulence in the boundary layer. The formation of SCu was associated with the boundary layer height exceeding the lifting condensation level. The maintenance of SCu was likely associated with the lower convective available potential energy, weak wind shear, and weak subsidence of the synoptic system, which did not favor the dramatic vertical development of SCu and thereby the transformation of SCu to cumulus congestus.
基金The State Key Basic Research Development and Planning Project (No. 2002CB412503) the Knowledge Innovation Program of theChinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX1-SW-01-04) the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and NaturalResources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. CXIOG-E01-03-01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 40501072)
文摘Using the static opaque chamber method, the soil respiration rates (SR) were measured through the continuous experiments in situ in semiarid Stipa grandis steppe in Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia, China from June 2001 to June 2003, in parallel, the difference between the SR and the ecosystem respiration rates (TER) were compared. The results indicated that the seasonal variations of the SR and TER were obvious with higher emissions in growing season and a relatively low efflux level in non-growing season, furthermore, the negative effluxes were found in the observation site in winter; the annual CO2 efflux of total ecosystem ranged from 160.5 gC/(m^2·a) to 162.8 gC/(m^2·a) and that of soil ranged from 118.7 gC/(m^2·a) to 152.3 gC/(m^2·a). The annual SR accounted for about 74.0% to 93.5% of the annual TER, but the results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that the difference between the annual average TER and SR did not reach the significance level of 0.05. The TER was under similar environmental controls as SR, in growing seasons of drought years, the variations of soil moisture at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth could account for 79,1% 95.6% of the changes of the SR and TER, but in non-growing season, more than 75% of the variations of the SR and TER could be explained by the changes of the ground temperature of soil surface layers.
文摘台风尺度表征了台风低层风场特定风速半径大小,是台风灾害影响范围的重要度量.针对超强台风“舒力基”(2021),对其尺度可预报性进行初步探讨.结果表明,模式可以模拟出台风发展初期台风尺度(内核尺度RMW、外围尺度R17)的演变趋势.基于集合预报的模拟试验,具体分析了内核尺度RMW、外围尺度R17演变及其误差增长特征.台风预报总体误差主要出现在对流层下层850 h Pa,距离台风中心50~150 km.从初始环境场看,初始相对湿度是影响台风尺度误差增长的重要因子,初始高湿环境有利于台风发展阶段的台风尺度高离散度,从而限制了台风尺度的可预报性.在一定程度上,外围风圈半径的可预报性要高于内核风圈半径.
文摘通过对内蒙古中部黄旗海湖泊沉积特征、粒度及孢粉组合等指标的综合分析,重建了该地区全新世中晚期以来的环境变化过程,将黄旗海4360 a BP以来气候环境变化分为7个阶段,其中有三次显著的干冷事件分别发生在2400-2140 a BP,1510-1270 a BP和590-280 a BP期间;三次较温暖湿润时期为3840-2400 a BP,2140-1510 a BP,1270-590 a BP。与区域上全新世晚期以来的环境演变过程基本一致。
文摘为揭示半干旱草原露天矿区生态环境质量状况,分离矿区人类活动生态累积效应并识别其演变态势,在厘清矿区生态累积效应概念的基础上,构建适用于半干旱草原的露天矿区生态环境质量评估指数(Surface Mining Areas Eco-environmental Evaluation Index,SMAEEI)以及矿区生态累积效应定量评估模型。选取内蒙古胜利矿区为研究区,量化分析1986—2020年区域生态环境质量和生态累积效应的时空分布规律,以及主要人类活动的生态累积效应差异。结果表明:①SMAEEI适用于半干旱草原露天矿区,能客观呈现各地类生态环境质量高低顺序。35 a间研究区生态环境质量呈极显著下降趋势,且其空间差异显著减弱。露天矿场、城镇扩张区、锡林河湿地及北侧草地生态环境质量出现极显著、显著的退化趋势。②半干旱草原露天矿区生态累积效应定量评估模型能剔除气候因素对生态系统的耦合影响,分离并量化人类活动对矿区生态系统的累积效应,揭示累积的方向、程度和空间范围。35 a间研究区生态服务价值累积量(Change of Ecosystem Service Value Cumulant,COESVC)共减少1186157.03万元,出现负向生态累积效应,生态系统服务功能下降。高度、中度负向累积区集中在湿地和草地退化区、城镇区、露天矿场。③露天开采、城镇建设造成的单位面积负向生态累积效应最明显,前者在单位时间内带来的负向累积变化最剧烈,后者负向累积效应的局部影响程度和偏离度最大;放牧活动引起的负向生态累积效应影响范围最广、总量最大,但局部影响程度最小,生态系统服务功能较其余人类活动更稳定。研究成果可将矿区人类活动引起的生态环境实物量变动转化为价值量描述,为采用货币形式测算矿区生产生活行为的环境损害成本提供可行方法。