Emission trading innovation mechanism based on blockchain

The rationality and scientific nature of the emission trading mechanism is the key to the effective implementation of environmental and economic policies.As far as China is concerned,there are phenomena such as information asymmetry,low supervision efficiency,and alienation of government and enterprise behaviors caused by the incomplete mechanism of emission trading in the practice of different pilots.The introduction of blockchain technology can innovate the traditional transaction model and form a decentralized peer-to-peer transaction and a trusted emission trading market.To this end,based on the current emission trading mechanism and the characteristics of blockchain technology,this paper couples the core technologies of blockchain with the functional requirements of application scenarios.Then,an innovative application framework is built based on the consortium blockchain Fabric from three aspects:emission trading supervision,secondary trading market construction,as well as emission trading incentive and punishment mechanisms.Technologies such as the consensus mechanism,smart contract,Merkle tree and asymmetric encryption are comprehensively applied in this process.In the construction of the blockchain framework of the secondary market for emission trading,institutional changes and innovations brought about by the blockchain at various levels are analyzed in terms of participants,transaction processes and the transaction scope.At the same time,smart contract functions and algorithms are designed for the purchase,transfer-out and trading of emission rights,and the operation business logic of the smart contract is analyzed.On the whole,this paper explores the application framework of blockchain technology in the field of emission trading at the macro level,and analyzes the application mechanism of the corresponding technologies of blockchain at each coupling point in the framework at the micro level.The collaborative analysis at the two levels shows that blockchain technology and the requirements of emission trading mechanism can be effectively coupled,and the application of blockchain technology can promote the effective supervision of enterprises'emission behavior,making the processes of the purchase,transfer and transaction of emission rights intelligent and automated,and providing technical support for cross regional emission trading to reduce transaction costs and management complexity.In addition,the issuance of emission credits based on smart contract will be a new incentive for companies to actively participate in transactions.Based on the above analysis,this paper believes that the innovative application of blockchain technology is of great significance in the promotion of the market-based allocation of element of emission trading and the rational allocation of environmental resources.It will lead to a major breakthrough in the traditional trading system in terms of trading modes,forming a value transmission network of environmental resources between the government and polluters.

Based on the Emerging E-commerce Ecosystem Synergy and Innovation Mechanism Investigation

E-commerce is a new business model based on Internet information technology,and its internal operation mechanism can be studied in depth from the perspective of the knowledge ecosystem according to the law of knowledge ecology.The various knowledge elements in the e-business knowledge ecosystem interact and influence each other,continue to exchange materials and energy according to specific rules,and develop and circulate autonomously so that users can acquire,transfer,share and sublimate knowledge in the business system.Finally,knowledge innovation and new value creation are realized to complete the final value sublimation.Based on this,this paper elaborates on three aspects of e-business ecosystem system synergy theory,e-business ecosystem,and e-business ecosystem synergy and innovation model for the reference of relevant personnel.

Prompting High-tech Industrialization through Mechanism Innovation

With the further implementation of the knowledge innovation program (KIP), piloted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), encouraging progress has been made in contributing to the development of the country's high-tech industry, and forging S&T cooperation with local governments and industrial sectors. This was revealed at the Second CAS Conference on High-tech Industrialization April 25 - 29 in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province.

Relationship and Boundary Between Market and Government in Corporate Innovation

It is the view of this paper that both market and non-market mechanisms can stimulate corporate innovation and have their respective areas of application. As a major developing country, China should create a national innovation policy system to coordinate these incentives in order to promote economic transition and upgrade through corporate innovation. Innovation policies are determined by a country's technology level. The premise for most advanced economies to follow market-based incentives is a foundation of early-stage non-market policies, as their governments frequently resorted to non-market means such as state-owned enterprises in the early stage of development. This paper also concludes that technological uncertainty can well describe the technological characteristics of industries. For industries with less technological uncertainty, non-market means are more likely to succeed. Lastly, this paper employs the dimensions of both technology level and industrial technology characteristics for a quantitative analysis on the scope of industries to which the two incentive mechanisms are applicable, divides them into quadrants in order to discuss the boundary between market-based and non-market incentives, and explore ways to achieve effective interplay between government and market.

Interactive Training Model of TRIZ for Mechanical Engineers in China

Abstract： Innovation is a process of taking an original idea and converting it into a business value, in which the engineers face some inventive problems which can be solved hardly by experience. TRIZ, as a new theory for companies in China, provides both conceptual and procedural knowledge for finding and solving inventive problems. Because the government plays a leading role in the diffusion of TRIZ, too many companies from different industries are waiting to be trained, but the quantity of the trainers mastering TRIZ is incompatible with that requirement. In this context, to improve the training effect, an interactive training model of TRIZ for the mechanical engineers in China is developed and the implementation in the form of training classes is carried out. The training process is divided into 6 phases as follows： selecting engineers, training stage-l, finding problems, training stage-2, finding solutions and summing up. The government, TRIZ institutions and companies to join the programs interact during the process. The government initiates and monitors a project in form of a training class of TRIZ and selects companies to join the programs. Each selected companies choose a few engineers to join the class and supervises the training result. The TRIZ institutions design the training courses and carry out training curriculum. With the beginning of the class, an effective communication channel is established by means of interview, discussion face to face, E-mail, QQ and so on. After two years training practices, the results show that innovative abilities of the engineers to join and pass the final examinations increased distinctly, and most of companies joined the training class have taken congnizance of the power of TRIZ for product innovation. This research proposes an interactive training model of TRIZ for mechanical engineers in China to expedite the knowledge diffusion of TRIZ.

DAWN OF A NEW COUNTRYSIDE The government is emphasizing modernization, innovation and mechanization to revitalize the farm sector in the current Five-Year Plan

The "farm question" has long baffled China's planners. Since 1979, when China began the reform and opening up process, the economy has developed rapidly, especially the secondary and tertiary sectors. By 2005, China's GDP was 18.2321 trillion yuan, nearly 30 times that in 1979. However, the primary sector has largely been left out of this growth with its proportion in GDP dropping from 25.6 percent in 1979 to 12.4 percent in 2005. Rural areas remain poor and living standards low. Past efforts to change t...