Size effects and compositions constitute new properties for inorganic particles in different application fields.The physical method has recently attracted more attention in the preparation of inorganic materials.Herei...Size effects and compositions constitute new properties for inorganic particles in different application fields.The physical method has recently attracted more attention in the preparation of inorganic materials.Herein,a low-cost,eco-friendly,simple-operating,and time-saving technique,named electrical discharge,is reviewed in relation to developments from the nature of this technique in different dielectric media to the practical experience in controlling the main processing parameters,apparatuses,types of discharge,from the various structures and components to the wide applications.The development of the electrical discharge technique will play an important role in improving the technology to prepare superfine inorganic particles with high purity.Meanwhile,electrical discharge contributes to easily mixing solid materials from the atomic scale to several micrometers with different structures.Moreover,metal oxides or doping materials are accessible as the dielectric medium is changed.Considering some excellent advantages,new inorganic particles exploited through the electrical discharge method will promise to be the most rewarding in some potential applications.展开更多
Nature has the ingenious capability to design spiky topological features at the macro-and nanoscales,which exhibits fascinating interface adhesive properties by means of multivalent interactions.Following a biomimetic...Nature has the ingenious capability to design spiky topological features at the macro-and nanoscales,which exhibits fascinating interface adhesive properties by means of multivalent interactions.Following a biomimetic approach,such as nanoscale virus particles are highly infectious toward host cells,a range of organic and inorganic spiky particles(virus-like nanostructures)have been precisely engineered for diverse biomedical applications.Generally,organic virus-like particles(VLPs)derived from viral capsids(often termed as virosomes)have been extensively studied and reviewed,but concomitant concerns regarding immunogenicity and risks of mutagenesis limit clinical potential of organic VLPs.In contrast,inorganic VLPs(viral-mimicking topography)possess fascinating physicochemical characteristics,such as excellent electrical,optical,magnetic,mechanical and catalytic properties,which make them particularly suitable for biomedical applications.Alternatively,there is no comprehensive review related to inorganic VLPs engineered with non-viral shell for biomedical applications.Hence,in this review,we present a brief overview on inorganic VLPs,followed by summarizing the construction and properties of virus-like nanostructures,as well as the mechanisms of nano-bio interface interactions initiated by spiky topography.Furthermore,we focus on the recent advances of VLPs for biomedical applications(including biosensing,antibacterial therapy and cancer treatment).Finally,the future outlook and emerging challenges will be presented.This review aims to provide future scope of the rational design of inorganic non-viral vectors,especially with respect to gene-based therapy platforms.展开更多
Apart from long-known and applied nanostructures like carbon black for tyres or pigments for coatings nanotechnology has created highly sophisticated structures used for nano/molecular electronics,diagnostics,drug del...Apart from long-known and applied nanostructures like carbon black for tyres or pigments for coatings nanotechnology has created highly sophisticated structures used for nano/molecular electronics,diagnostics,drug delivery, UV-absorbers etc.Often the main question to be solved analytically is the local determination of tiny amounts of chemicals resulting in an ever increasing need for highly sensitive as well as locally resolved techniques.Applications of techniques like mass spectroscopy,transmission elect...展开更多
In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of nonrefractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR...In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of nonrefractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS). The results showed the average NR-PM_1 mass concentration to be 56.4 ± 58.0 μg/m^3, with a peak at 307.4 μg/m^3. Due to the high frequency of biomass burning in autumn, submicron particles significantly increased in organic content, which accounted for 51% of NR-PM_1 on average. Secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) accounted for 46% of NR-PM_1, of which sulfate,nitrate, and ammonium contributed 15%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. To determine the intrinsic relationships between the organic and inorganic species, we used the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model to merge the high-resolution mass spectra of the organic species and NO+and NO_2~+ions. The PMF analysis separated the mixed organic and nitrate(NO+and NO_2~+) spectra into four organic factors, including hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA), oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA), cooking organic aerosol(COA), and biomass burning organic aerosol(BBOA), as well as one nitrate inorganic aerosol(NIA) factor. COA(33%) and OOA(30%) contributed the most to the total organic aerosol(OA) mass, followed by BBOA(20%) and HOA(17%). We successfully quantified the mass concentrations of the organic and inorganic nitrates by the NO+and NO2+ions signal in the organic and NIA factors. The organic nitrate mass varied from 0.01-6.8 μg/m^3, with an average of 1.0 ±1.1 μg/m^3, and organic nitrate components accounted for 10% of the total nitrate mass in this observation.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),receiving extensive attentions and studies,exhibit better safety,environmental friendliness,stability,wider electrochemical stability window and higher energy density than tra...All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),receiving extensive attentions and studies,exhibit better safety,environmental friendliness,stability,wider electrochemical stability window and higher energy density than traditionally liquid lithium batteries.In a variety of inorganic materials,with highly replaceable,the non-lithium metal elements emerge in endlessly and affect performances in diversiform ways.Due to facile preparation,convertible structures and excellent properties,the lithium-containing bimetallic granular materials are often applied as important components of electrolytes in lithium batteries.In this review,in terms of the properties of substituted elements,changing crystal structures,increasing vacancies or defects and improving the interfacial conductions,the roles of metal element substitutions of inorganic particles on the improvement of solid-state electrolytes are expounded.And the applications of substituted strategies in ASSLBs as the host of inorganic particles electrolytes and as fillers or modifications for composite electrolytes are also investigated and discussed.It also summarizes the current concerns and obstacles that need to be broken through,as well as provides a basis guide for the selection and optimization of inorganic particles.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51972045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities,China(Grant No.ZYGX2019J025)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.2020JDRC0015 and 2020JDRC0045).
文摘Size effects and compositions constitute new properties for inorganic particles in different application fields.The physical method has recently attracted more attention in the preparation of inorganic materials.Herein,a low-cost,eco-friendly,simple-operating,and time-saving technique,named electrical discharge,is reviewed in relation to developments from the nature of this technique in different dielectric media to the practical experience in controlling the main processing parameters,apparatuses,types of discharge,from the various structures and components to the wide applications.The development of the electrical discharge technique will play an important role in improving the technology to prepare superfine inorganic particles with high purity.Meanwhile,electrical discharge contributes to easily mixing solid materials from the atomic scale to several micrometers with different structures.Moreover,metal oxides or doping materials are accessible as the dielectric medium is changed.Considering some excellent advantages,new inorganic particles exploited through the electrical discharge method will promise to be the most rewarding in some potential applications.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172085)the“Double First-Class”University project(CPU2022QZ14)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(BK20190028).
文摘Nature has the ingenious capability to design spiky topological features at the macro-and nanoscales,which exhibits fascinating interface adhesive properties by means of multivalent interactions.Following a biomimetic approach,such as nanoscale virus particles are highly infectious toward host cells,a range of organic and inorganic spiky particles(virus-like nanostructures)have been precisely engineered for diverse biomedical applications.Generally,organic virus-like particles(VLPs)derived from viral capsids(often termed as virosomes)have been extensively studied and reviewed,but concomitant concerns regarding immunogenicity and risks of mutagenesis limit clinical potential of organic VLPs.In contrast,inorganic VLPs(viral-mimicking topography)possess fascinating physicochemical characteristics,such as excellent electrical,optical,magnetic,mechanical and catalytic properties,which make them particularly suitable for biomedical applications.Alternatively,there is no comprehensive review related to inorganic VLPs engineered with non-viral shell for biomedical applications.Hence,in this review,we present a brief overview on inorganic VLPs,followed by summarizing the construction and properties of virus-like nanostructures,as well as the mechanisms of nano-bio interface interactions initiated by spiky topography.Furthermore,we focus on the recent advances of VLPs for biomedical applications(including biosensing,antibacterial therapy and cancer treatment).Finally,the future outlook and emerging challenges will be presented.This review aims to provide future scope of the rational design of inorganic non-viral vectors,especially with respect to gene-based therapy platforms.
文摘Apart from long-known and applied nanostructures like carbon black for tyres or pigments for coatings nanotechnology has created highly sophisticated structures used for nano/molecular electronics,diagnostics,drug delivery, UV-absorbers etc.Often the main question to be solved analytically is the local determination of tiny amounts of chemicals resulting in an ever increasing need for highly sensitive as well as locally resolved techniques.Applications of techniques like mass spectroscopy,transmission elect...
基金supported by“Strategic Priority Research Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB05020201)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8142034)
文摘In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of nonrefractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS). The results showed the average NR-PM_1 mass concentration to be 56.4 ± 58.0 μg/m^3, with a peak at 307.4 μg/m^3. Due to the high frequency of biomass burning in autumn, submicron particles significantly increased in organic content, which accounted for 51% of NR-PM_1 on average. Secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) accounted for 46% of NR-PM_1, of which sulfate,nitrate, and ammonium contributed 15%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. To determine the intrinsic relationships between the organic and inorganic species, we used the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model to merge the high-resolution mass spectra of the organic species and NO+and NO_2~+ions. The PMF analysis separated the mixed organic and nitrate(NO+and NO_2~+) spectra into four organic factors, including hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA), oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA), cooking organic aerosol(COA), and biomass burning organic aerosol(BBOA), as well as one nitrate inorganic aerosol(NIA) factor. COA(33%) and OOA(30%) contributed the most to the total organic aerosol(OA) mass, followed by BBOA(20%) and HOA(17%). We successfully quantified the mass concentrations of the organic and inorganic nitrates by the NO+and NO2+ions signal in the organic and NIA factors. The organic nitrate mass varied from 0.01-6.8 μg/m^3, with an average of 1.0 ±1.1 μg/m^3, and organic nitrate components accounted for 10% of the total nitrate mass in this observation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.51973157)the Special Grade of the Financial Support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant No.2020T130469)+3 种基金Tianjin Municipal University Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(grant No.201910058036)the Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin(grant No.19PTSYJCO0010)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(grantNo.2018KJ196)State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation,Tiangong University。
文摘All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),receiving extensive attentions and studies,exhibit better safety,environmental friendliness,stability,wider electrochemical stability window and higher energy density than traditionally liquid lithium batteries.In a variety of inorganic materials,with highly replaceable,the non-lithium metal elements emerge in endlessly and affect performances in diversiform ways.Due to facile preparation,convertible structures and excellent properties,the lithium-containing bimetallic granular materials are often applied as important components of electrolytes in lithium batteries.In this review,in terms of the properties of substituted elements,changing crystal structures,increasing vacancies or defects and improving the interfacial conductions,the roles of metal element substitutions of inorganic particles on the improvement of solid-state electrolytes are expounded.And the applications of substituted strategies in ASSLBs as the host of inorganic particles electrolytes and as fillers or modifications for composite electrolytes are also investigated and discussed.It also summarizes the current concerns and obstacles that need to be broken through,as well as provides a basis guide for the selection and optimization of inorganic particles.