Inositol phosphates are the main form of phosphorous (P) storage in legume seeds. Mutants low in inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), also known as phytic acid (PA), have been developed to increase iron (Fe) bioavailability ...Inositol phosphates are the main form of phosphorous (P) storage in legume seeds. Mutants low in inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), also known as phytic acid (PA), have been developed to increase iron (Fe) bioavailability and reduce P waste to the environment. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) inositol-P form changes during germination, and 2) the effect of P fertilizer application on seed PA, total P, and Fe concentration of three field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and two low-PA lines grown under greenhouse conditions. Low-PA field pea lines clearly had lower PA (1.3 - 1.4 mg·g-1) than cultivars (3.1 - 3.7 mg·g-1). Phytic acid concentration in both cultivars and low-PA lines decreased during germination, but tended to increase seven days after germination. Levels of inositol-3-phosphate-phosphate (IP3-P;0.6 mg·g-1) and inorganic P (1.8 - 2.0 mg·g-1) were higher in low-PA lines than in the field pea cultivars. Reduction of PA in low-PA line seeds may reduce seed Fe and total P concentrations, as levels in the low-PA lines (37 - 42 mg·kg-1 Fe;4003 - 4473 mg·kg-1 total P) were typically less than in field pea cultivars (37 - 55 mg·kg-1 Fe;3208 - 4985 mg·kg-1 total P) at different P fertilizer rates. Overall, IP3 is the major form of P present in low-PA field pea lines during germination;however IP6 is the major form of P present in field pea cultivars. Therefore, low-PA field pea lines could be a potential solution to increase Fe bioavailability, feed P utilization, and reduce P waste to the environment.展开更多
Phosphorous (P) is a major contributor to eutrophication of surface waters, yet a complete understanding of the P cycle remains elusive. Inositol hexa-kis phosphate (IHP) is the primary form of organic (PO) in the env...Phosphorous (P) is a major contributor to eutrophication of surface waters, yet a complete understanding of the P cycle remains elusive. Inositol hexa-kis phosphate (IHP) is the primary form of organic (PO) in the environment and has been implicated as an important sink in aquatic and terrestrial samples. IHP readily forms complexes in the environment due to the 12 acidic sites on the molecule. Quantification of IHP in environmental samples has typically relied on harsh extraction methods that limit understanding of IHP interactions with potential soil and aquatic complexation partners. The ability to quantify IHP in-situ at the pH of existing soils provides direct access to the role of IHP in the P cycle. Since it is itself a buffer, adjusting the pH correspondingly alters charged species of IHP present in soil. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations support the charged species assignments made based pKas associated with the IHP molecule. Raman spectroscopy was used to generate pH dependent spectra of inorganic (PI) and IHP as well as (PO) from IHP and (PI) in soil samples. Electro-spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) was used to quantify IHP-Iron complexes in two soil samples using a neutral aqueous extraction.展开更多
Abstract Objecitve To explore whether phosphoinositide specific phospholipase C (PLC) activation via G protein in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Met...Abstract Objecitve To explore whether phosphoinositide specific phospholipase C (PLC) activation via G protein in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods The VSMCs derived from aortae of SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were loaded for 48 hours with myo inositol. Inositol phosphate release was initiated by the addition of 10 5 mol/L norepinephrine in intact cells or by guanosine 5' 0 (3 thio tri sphosphate) (GTP gamma S) in permeabilized cells. In the meantime, growth arrested VSMCs were stimulated by 10% calf serum for 0, 30, 45, or 60 min, then gene expressions of Gq alpha subunit (G alph a q) were observed. Results There were no significant differences in inositol 1, 4,5 triphosphate (IP 3) level and expression of G alpha q mRNA between quiescent VSMCs from SHR and that from WKY. When stimulated by norepinephrine, IP 3 production increased transiently with a peak level at 10 s in VSMCs from WKY, and a rapid biphasic IP 3 response, which was significantly higher than that of WKY, in VSMCs from SHR had been observed. G proteins activated by GTP gamma S significantly raised IP 3 production in VSMCs from SHR compared to WKY (SHR vs WKY: 234.8%±29.2% vs 142.4%±12.0% of basal IP 3, P<0.05). In addition, the serum effect showed an significant increase in expression of G alpha q mRNA in VSMCs from SHR. Conclusions The hereditary factors are not the only variable regulating IP 3 metabolism and G alpha q gene expression. Influences of multi environmental factors such as vasoactive compounds, together with genetic predisposition, palys an important role in the highly sensitive response of IP 3 production and G alpha q gene over expression in SHR.展开更多
为挖掘野生大豆(Glycine soja L.G07256)耐碳酸盐关键功能基因,利用前期高通量转录组测序数据,从构建的碳酸盐胁迫基因表达谱中,选取了一个碳酸盐胁迫下显著上调表达的肌醇-1-磷酸合酶类基因。采用同源克隆的方法,获得该基因的全长cDNA...为挖掘野生大豆(Glycine soja L.G07256)耐碳酸盐关键功能基因,利用前期高通量转录组测序数据,从构建的碳酸盐胁迫基因表达谱中,选取了一个碳酸盐胁迫下显著上调表达的肌醇-1-磷酸合酶类基因。采用同源克隆的方法,获得该基因的全长cDNA,命名为GsMIPS2。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示该基因受碳酸盐胁迫诱导表达,并且其表达量具有组织特异性。将GsMIPS2基因转化拟南芥,并结合拟南芥中T-DNA插入突变体atmips2来验证其耐碳酸盐功能。结果表明,碳酸盐胁迫条件下,GsMIPS2超量表达拟南芥种子萌发率显著高于野生型,而拟南芥突变体atmips2种子萌发率显著低于野生型。上述结果表明,GsMIPS2基因在植物应答碳酸盐胁迫过程中起重要作用。展开更多
文摘Inositol phosphates are the main form of phosphorous (P) storage in legume seeds. Mutants low in inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), also known as phytic acid (PA), have been developed to increase iron (Fe) bioavailability and reduce P waste to the environment. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) inositol-P form changes during germination, and 2) the effect of P fertilizer application on seed PA, total P, and Fe concentration of three field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and two low-PA lines grown under greenhouse conditions. Low-PA field pea lines clearly had lower PA (1.3 - 1.4 mg·g-1) than cultivars (3.1 - 3.7 mg·g-1). Phytic acid concentration in both cultivars and low-PA lines decreased during germination, but tended to increase seven days after germination. Levels of inositol-3-phosphate-phosphate (IP3-P;0.6 mg·g-1) and inorganic P (1.8 - 2.0 mg·g-1) were higher in low-PA lines than in the field pea cultivars. Reduction of PA in low-PA line seeds may reduce seed Fe and total P concentrations, as levels in the low-PA lines (37 - 42 mg·kg-1 Fe;4003 - 4473 mg·kg-1 total P) were typically less than in field pea cultivars (37 - 55 mg·kg-1 Fe;3208 - 4985 mg·kg-1 total P) at different P fertilizer rates. Overall, IP3 is the major form of P present in low-PA field pea lines during germination;however IP6 is the major form of P present in field pea cultivars. Therefore, low-PA field pea lines could be a potential solution to increase Fe bioavailability, feed P utilization, and reduce P waste to the environment.
文摘Phosphorous (P) is a major contributor to eutrophication of surface waters, yet a complete understanding of the P cycle remains elusive. Inositol hexa-kis phosphate (IHP) is the primary form of organic (PO) in the environment and has been implicated as an important sink in aquatic and terrestrial samples. IHP readily forms complexes in the environment due to the 12 acidic sites on the molecule. Quantification of IHP in environmental samples has typically relied on harsh extraction methods that limit understanding of IHP interactions with potential soil and aquatic complexation partners. The ability to quantify IHP in-situ at the pH of existing soils provides direct access to the role of IHP in the P cycle. Since it is itself a buffer, adjusting the pH correspondingly alters charged species of IHP present in soil. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations support the charged species assignments made based pKas associated with the IHP molecule. Raman spectroscopy was used to generate pH dependent spectra of inorganic (PI) and IHP as well as (PO) from IHP and (PI) in soil samples. Electro-spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) was used to quantify IHP-Iron complexes in two soil samples using a neutral aqueous extraction.
文摘Abstract Objecitve To explore whether phosphoinositide specific phospholipase C (PLC) activation via G protein in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods The VSMCs derived from aortae of SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were loaded for 48 hours with myo inositol. Inositol phosphate release was initiated by the addition of 10 5 mol/L norepinephrine in intact cells or by guanosine 5' 0 (3 thio tri sphosphate) (GTP gamma S) in permeabilized cells. In the meantime, growth arrested VSMCs were stimulated by 10% calf serum for 0, 30, 45, or 60 min, then gene expressions of Gq alpha subunit (G alph a q) were observed. Results There were no significant differences in inositol 1, 4,5 triphosphate (IP 3) level and expression of G alpha q mRNA between quiescent VSMCs from SHR and that from WKY. When stimulated by norepinephrine, IP 3 production increased transiently with a peak level at 10 s in VSMCs from WKY, and a rapid biphasic IP 3 response, which was significantly higher than that of WKY, in VSMCs from SHR had been observed. G proteins activated by GTP gamma S significantly raised IP 3 production in VSMCs from SHR compared to WKY (SHR vs WKY: 234.8%±29.2% vs 142.4%±12.0% of basal IP 3, P<0.05). In addition, the serum effect showed an significant increase in expression of G alpha q mRNA in VSMCs from SHR. Conclusions The hereditary factors are not the only variable regulating IP 3 metabolism and G alpha q gene expression. Influences of multi environmental factors such as vasoactive compounds, together with genetic predisposition, palys an important role in the highly sensitive response of IP 3 production and G alpha q gene over expression in SHR.
文摘为挖掘野生大豆(Glycine soja L.G07256)耐碳酸盐关键功能基因,利用前期高通量转录组测序数据,从构建的碳酸盐胁迫基因表达谱中,选取了一个碳酸盐胁迫下显著上调表达的肌醇-1-磷酸合酶类基因。采用同源克隆的方法,获得该基因的全长cDNA,命名为GsMIPS2。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示该基因受碳酸盐胁迫诱导表达,并且其表达量具有组织特异性。将GsMIPS2基因转化拟南芥,并结合拟南芥中T-DNA插入突变体atmips2来验证其耐碳酸盐功能。结果表明,碳酸盐胁迫条件下,GsMIPS2超量表达拟南芥种子萌发率显著高于野生型,而拟南芥突变体atmips2种子萌发率显著低于野生型。上述结果表明,GsMIPS2基因在植物应答碳酸盐胁迫过程中起重要作用。
