EDU-GAN:Edge Enhancement Generative Adversarial Networks with Dual-Domain Discriminators for Inscription Images Denoising

Recovering high-quality inscription images from unknown and complex inscription noisy images is a challenging research issue.Different fromnatural images,character images pay more attention to stroke information.However,existingmodelsmainly consider pixel-level informationwhile ignoring structural information of the character,such as its edge and glyph,resulting in reconstructed images with mottled local structure and character damage.To solve these problems,we propose a novel generative adversarial network(GAN)framework based on an edge-guided generator and a discriminator constructed by a dual-domain U-Net framework,i.e.,EDU-GAN.Unlike existing frameworks,the generator introduces the edge extractionmodule,guiding it into the denoising process through the attention mechanism,which maintains the edge detail of the restored inscription image.Moreover,a dual-domain U-Net-based discriminator is proposed to learn the global and local discrepancy between the denoised and the label images in both image and morphological domains,which is helpful to blind denoising tasks.The proposed dual-domain discriminator and generator for adversarial training can reduce local artifacts and keep the denoised character structure intact.Due to the lack of a real-inscription image,we built the real-inscription dataset to provide an effective benchmark for studying inscription image denoising.The experimental results show the superiority of our method both in the synthetic and real-inscription datasets.

The Twelve Chinese Zodiac Scripts of Ancient Luo Yue Stone Inscriptions and the Oracle Bone:A Comparative Study

The 12 animal calendars of the Chinese zodiac are the essence and source of Chinese civilization,and have been deeply rooted in the production,life,and social activities of various ethnic groups in China since ancient times.The ancient Luo Yue stone inscription1 is a popular ancient script from four to six thousand years ago,and 17,496 characters have been found,which is the earliest script found on the Chinese land so far.A comparative study of Chinese zodiac characters2 between the ancient Luo Yue stone inscriptions and the oracle bone through paleographic conformation reveals that the two characters have the same and similar characteristics.Therefore,this paper intends to further investigate the kinship between the two,and to conduct a preliminary exploration of the origin,development,and evolution of the zodiac by combining recent human archaeological data,emerging molecular anthropological data,historical literature,and data from the Chinese Civilization Exploration Project,in an attempt to show the integration and dependence of Chinese civilization,the pluralistic pattern of Chinese culture,and the Chinese nation for thousands of years.

Burst mode enabled ultrafast laser inscription inside gallium arsenide

Ultrafast laser inscription(ULI)inside semiconductors offers new perspectives for 3D monolithic structures to be fabricated and new functionalities to be added in electronic and photonic microdevices.However,important challenges remain because of nonlinear effects such as strong plasma generation that distort the energy delivery at the focal point when exposing these materials to intense infrared light.Up to now,the successful technological demonstrations have primarily concentrated on silicon(Si).In this paper,we target at another important semiconductor:gallium arsenide(GaAs).With nonlinearities higher than those of Si,3D-machining of GaAs with femtosecond pulses becomes even harder.However,we show that the difficulty can be circumvented by burst-mode irradiation.We generate and apply trains of pulses at terahertz repetition rates for efficient pulse-to-pulse accumulation of laser-induced free carriers in the focal region,while avoiding an overdose of prefocal excitations.The superior performance of burst-mode irradiation is confirmed by a comparative study conducted with infrared luminescence microscopy.The results indicate a successful reduction of the plasma density in the prefocal region so that higher pulse energy reaches the focal spot.The same method is applied to identify optimum irradiation conditions considering particular cases such as asymmetric pulse trains and aberrated beams.With 64-pulse trains,we successfully manage to cross the writing threshold providing a solution for ULI inside GaAs.The application potential is finally illustrated with a stealth dicing demonstration by taking benefit of the burst mode.The irradiation method opens wide possibilities for 3D structuring inside GaAs by ULI.

Circular cladding waveguides in Pr:YAG fabricated by femtosecond laser inscription:Raman,luminescence properties and guiding performance

We report on the fabrication of circular cladding waveguides with cross-section diameters of 60−120μm in Pr:YAG crystal by applying femtosecond laser inscription.The fabricated waveguides present 2D guidance on the cross-section and fairly low propagation losses.Multiple high-order guiding modes are observed in waveguides with different diameters.Corresponding simulation results reveal the origin of a specific kind of guiding modes.Confocal micro-Raman(μ-Raman)experiments demonstrate the modification effects in femtosecond laser affected areas and ascertain the refractive index induced guiding mechanism.In addition,luminescence emission properties of Pr3+ions at waveguide volume are well preserved during the femtosecond laser inscription process,which may result in a potential high-power visible waveguide laser.

Constructing Teaching Model for Training English Guides of Stone Inscription Relics

A teaching model based on constructivism is proposed in this paper. The model contains five teaching steps, e.g. interpretation teaching, questioning- dialogue, knowledge and skills teaching, discussion- collaboration and field training. Practice proves that it can effectively improve the training efficiency of the training of English guides of stone inscription relics and enhance their interpretation quality and English skills.

Review: Hu Houxuan, "Xia and the Tu State in the Oracle Inscriptions: A Consideration" Gudai Chengbang Shi Yanjiu (Studies on Ancient City States) Renmin Press, 1989, Pp. 340-353.

This article verified that the Tu state mentioned in the oracle inscriptions was the Xia people after the Xia Dynasty had been conquered by Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty m c.a. 16th century B.C. The state of Xia, which originated from Yu, was entitled "Xia Hou"; its king was hence called "Xia Hou Di" (Emperor of Xia Hou), e.g."Xia Hou Di Qi". The Xia people, together with the Yin (Shang) people, and the Zhou people, were the so-called "people of San Dai" (Three Dynasties). As mentioned in "Lunyu, Bayi", they founded the states, with the Xia people being associated with the pine, the Yin people with the cypress, and the Zhou people with the chestnut.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions Big Knowledge Management and Service Platform

Oracle bone inscriptions (OBI) has important historical and cultural values. The traditional OBI research methods are at a choke point, and the research method using computer science and information technology has opened up the way of OBI information processing. However, it faces some problems, such as large but not centralized knowledge system, long learning cycle, learning difficulties, being difficult to obtain resources, inconsistent format, low retrieval accuracy, and low knowledge sharing and reuse. To solve these problems, it designs an OBI big data research resource management and intelligent knowledge service platform. Its goal is to make full use of OBI big data characteristics and use the knowledge engineering technology to build an OBI knowledge ecosystem. The experiment results show that the platform proposed provides effective one-stop knowledge management and knowledge service.

An Oracle Bone Inscription Detector Based on Multi-Scale Gaussian Kernels

The detection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions (OBIs) is one of the most fundamental tasks in the study of Oracle Bone, which aims to locate the positions of OBIs on rubbing images. The existing methods are based on the scheme of anchor boxes, involving complex network design and a great number of anchor boxes. In order to overcome the problem, this paper proposes a simpler but more effective OBIs detector by using an anchor-free scheme, where shape-adaptive Gaussian kernels are employed to represent the spatial regions of different OBIs. More specifically, to address the problem of misdetection caused by regional overlapping between some tightly distributed OBIs, the character regions are simultaneously represented by multiscale Gaussian kernels to obtain regions with sharp edges. Besides, based on the kernel predictions of different scales, a novel post-processing pipeline is used to obtain accurate predictions of bounding boxes. Experiments show that our OBIs detector has achieved significant results on the OBIs dataset, which greatly outperforms several mainstream object detectors in both speed and efficiency. Dataset is available at http://jgw.aynu.edu.cn.

Heritage of Arabic Language in South Caucasus： Arabic Inscriptions From Trialeti

In this article the author would like to discuss the usage of Arabic language in South Georgia as language of religious and ethnical minority in circumstances of Russian rule. The best examples of this are Arabic inscriptions on gravestones. In this article the author describes several inscriptions from Trialeri, South Georgia, which, because of unknown reasons, have never been studied by scientists before. Another important reason why the author has paid importance to those inscriptions is their recent condition and danger to lose them forever. The author has studied inscriptions from three main cemeteries： Beshtasheni, Tikma-Dash, and Minayasar. As a result of his research the author can say that Arabic language have been used by Muslims of Turk origins in Trialeti till Soviet time. They were using this language to preserve their identity, but it used to work only about a century. Soviet rule tried to destroy all identities and religions and especially after WWII they have reached more or less success. Today the Muslim population of Trialtei does not understand Arabic, they just know that their religion is Islam and in the graves with Arabic inscriptions lay their predecessors.

INSCRIPTION BY MR. WAN XUEYUAN, GOVERNOR OF ZHEJIANG

We are very glad to welcome honored guests from afar, and with them we makefriends in a bid to expand the magnitude of opening-up toward the prosperity ofZhejiang-Wan Xueyuan, January 1995.

Laser emission from low-loss cladding waveguides in Pr:YLF by femtosecond laser helical inscription

Depressed cladding waveguides are fabricated in Pr:LiYF_(4)(YLF)crystal by femtosecond laser inscription following a helical scheme.With the optimized parameters,the propagation loss of the waveguide is around 0.12 dB/cm for multimode guiding.Under optical pumping with InGaN laser diodes at 444 nm,efficient waveguide lasers in the orange around604 nm(π-polarized)are achieved with minimum lasing threshold of 119.8 mW,maximum slope efficiency of 16.6%,and maximum output power of 120.6 mW.Benefiting from their optimized performances,the waveguides produced in this work are promising for applications as compact orange laser sources.

Long-period grating inscription on polymer functionalized optical microfibers and its applications in optical sensing

We demonstrated long-period grating(LPG) inscription on polymer functionalized optical microfibers and its applications in optical sensing. Optical microfibers were functionalized with ultraviolet-sensitive polymethyl methacrylate jackets and, thus, LPGs could be inscribed on optical microfibers via point-by-point ultraviolet laser exposure. For a 2 mm long microfiber LPG(MLPG) inscribed on optical microfibers with a diameter of 5.4 μm, a resonant dip of 15 d B at 1377 nm was observed. This MLPG showed a high sensitivity of strain and axial force, i.e.,-1.93 pm∕με and-1.15 pm∕μN, respectively. Although the intrinsic temperature sensitivity of the LPGs is relatively low, i.e.,-12.75 pm∕°C, it can be increased to be-385.11 pm∕°C by appropriate sealing. Benefiting from the small footprint and high sensitivity, MLPGs could have potential applications in optical sensing of strain,axial force, and temperature.

A Study of Biographical Inscription of Methen

The biographical inscription of Methen is the earliest biography in ancient Egypt. The details of economic and administrative aspects mentioned in the biography have provided some evidence which may suggest a decisive break for the ruling power from the relatively shifting control during the very early stage of dynastic period to the absolute central governance of both manpower and materials in the Old Kingdom that can also be signified, for instance, by the pyramid building in the 4th Dynasty. This document may therefore mirror the constitution of ancient Egyptian civilization during this transitional time.

Inscriptions Found in the Pagoda on Thunder Peak

The Pagoda on Thunder Peak used to stand on Xizhao Hill (or Hills Bathed in Sunset). It is said that when the setting sun casts its last rays on the pagoda, it makes the most beautiful scene. However. it was after the pagoda was connected to a popular legend that it became well-known in China. The story ended with the heroine imprisoned underneath this pagoda. Built initially to commemorate Lady Huang,the royal con-

论话语及其言内行为

本文以牛津哲学家奥斯汀(J.L.Austin)的言语行为为立足点,对话语意义进行深入分析。奥斯汀首次提出区别言有所述和言有所为著名论断的哲学语境。所谓言有所为的话语就是说话人在说话过程中实施的动作行为而不只是说的行为的话语。奥斯汀所说的言内行为,是指一个具有特定形式和一定意义的话语(话语标示)。不同句子的话语能够产生相同的话语标示的语符,换言之,不同的语境中所说出的一个相同的句子能产生不同话语的标示的语符。

Comparative Textual Study of Political and Territorial Aspects of the Ancient Iranian National Identity

In a multidisciplinary compensatory way this paper aims at comparing Darius Inscription in Behistun with Karnameh of Ardeshir Babakan in order to find the territorial political aspects of ancient Iranian identity. With regard to the existence of the idea of national identity but not the term in these mentioned sources through content analysis, it shows that ancient Iranian national identity has basic interrelations with territorial political aspects although the other aspects will not be denied.

Uncovering the Secrets of a New Archaeological Case at Dunhuang—A Textual Study on the Newly Found Qianzi Wen Written on the South Wall in Mogao Cave 9

This paper investigates a unique and interesting archaeological case,namely the newly found inscription copied from Qianzi Wen(The Thousand Character Essay)on the south wall in the main chamber of Mogao cave 9,and analyzes a series of research topics related to the inscription,hoping to thoroughly reveal the historical and cultural phenomenon of the high popularity and extensive spread of Qianzi Wen in the Tang dynasty,and attempt to restore some living scenes of ancient school students and cave-making artisans.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time to find Qianzi Wen on the wall in Mogao caves.

E-ANA-TUM AND THE RULER OF ARAWA1

1. Introduction In the inscriptions of E-ana-tum, ruler of Lagas, listing his victories over various cities, there is a four-line long passage that describes E-ana-tum’s defeat over the city called Arawa:2 (1)su-nir URU×Aki-ka, ensi2-be2 3, saη-ba mu-DU, aga3-kar2 !(SE3)4 be2-seg10 The translations of this grammatically difficult passage vary greatly;there seems to be no agreement either about its exact meaning or about its grammatical analysis.