基于ADAMS/Insight的轮毂电机驱动的乘用车双横臂悬架的优化

本研究聚焦于电动轮驱动乘用车的双横臂前悬架优化。通过ADAMS/Car建立多体动力学虚拟模型,进行双轮平行跳动仿真评估初始设计。利用ADAMS/Insight优化悬架参数,选取关键点坐标和车轮定位参数,联合ADAMS/Car和ADAMS/Insight进行联合仿真和多目标优化。通过灵敏度分析,获得优化坐标值,显著提升悬架性能。研究显示联合仿真和优化有效优化了悬架系统。

Virtuoso iQuantus Insight及Quantus Insight流程在FINFET先进工艺项目中加速后仿迭代的应用

随着工艺演进,尺寸进一步缩小带来了更多寄生通路和更大的寄生电阻,后仿结果和前仿相去甚远。如何快速缩小前后仿之间的差距成为重要课题。传统设计中只能通过Quantus Extracted View相对直观地对寄生进行分析,无法更详细地进行分析,这成为设计者们面临的艰巨挑战。同时,后仿发现问题,只能通过“修改电路-版图迭代-再次后仿”反复优化,迭代周期长,如何降低时间成本成为各公司关注的重点。Virtuoso iQuantus Insight(ViQI)/Quantus Insight(QI)可基于寄生网表文件进行寄生分析及结果可视化。工程师可借此对寄生进行准确的分析及假设,无需版图迭代,即可进行设计优化。讨论了如何通过ViQI/QI工具在FINFET先进工艺项目中实现快速的后仿迭代,大幅提高工作效率。

Spatial analysis of the osteoarthritis microenvironment: techniques, insights, and applications

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues,including cartilage,bone,synovium,and adipose tissues.OA presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes,including inflammatory,metabolic,mechanical,genetic,and synovial variants.Consequently,innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic approaches.Traditional analysis of bulk OA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints,causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint tissues.This issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical trials.Gaining insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in OA tissues,encompassing DNA,RNA,metabolites,and proteins,as well as their chemical properties,elemental composition,and mechanical attributes,can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease subtypes.Spatially resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment,providing a more holistic view of cellular function.Recent advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various-omics lenses,such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,with spatial data.This fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial coordinates.Furthermore,advanced imaging techniques,including high-resolution microscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and mass spectrometry imaging,enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules,cells,and tissues.Linking these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes.This review summarizes the recent advancements in the molecular imaging modalities and methodologies for in-depth spatial analysis.It explores their applications,challenges,and potential opportunities in the field of OA.Additionally,this review provides a perspective on the potential research directions for these contemporary approaches that can meet the requirements of clinical diagnoses and the establishment of therapeutic targets for OA.

Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acids at cerebellar synapses

Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

Ancient DNA unravels species identification from Laosicheng site,Hunan Province,China,and provides insights into maternal genetic history of East Asian leopards

DEAR EDITOR,The Laosicheng site in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China,plays an important role in elucidating the animal population composition of the region prior to the middle Qing Dynasty(approximately 300 years ago).This site has yielded a substantial number of animal bones,11960 of which have been identified to the species level,serving as direct evidence of ancient animal populations(Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,2018).

Response of InSight resonance modes to environmental factors on Mars

The InSight(Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations,Geodesy,and Heat Transport)mission has recorded continuous ambient noise signals with many spectral peaks since its landing in 2018.The majority of these peaks are modes produced by instrumental vibrations and are associated with environmental factors,such as temperature and wind energy fluctuations.Understanding how these modes react under various conditions is crucial because it aids in identifying their origins.In this study,we analyzed the three-component spectra of InSight recordings from sols 184–738 and obtained the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR,also known as H/V)curves for different time intervals.The primary modes,such as those at 3.3 and 4.1 Hz,exhibited different behaviors,suggesting diverse origins.Some modes were sensitive to low temperature and some were sensitive to high temperature.Additionally,we investigated the influence of wind and temperature on the H/V curve.The peak frequency was mainly affected by temperature,whereas the H/V value was not associated with the temperature or wind only.Characterizing these modes and elucidating their origins are significant for processing signals from InSight and can provide valuable guidance for designing future planetary seismometers.

INSIGHTS ON CHINA FROM THE TWO SESSIONS

China’s annual Two Sessions have again attracted worldwide attention.A close look at the Two Sessions always provides key insights on China.China is often accused of being undemocratic.In fact,however,China is democratic in practice except that its democracy differs from systems studied in the West or in general politics.China’s democratic process is worth studying.

An Exploration of Traditional Chinese Cultural Programs:The Construction of Rituals,Narrative Strategies,and Experiential Insights

In the context of the cultural development of the new era and the burgeoning spiritual demands of the people,there has been a remarkable surge in the proliferation of traditional Chinese cultural programs.The“Chinese Festivals”series,produced by Henan TV,standing out as an engaging TV program that showcases traditional Chinese culture,has rapidly captivated a diverse audience across different age groups,creating a rich,multi-dimensional,and cross-media cultural communication ecosystem.The program strategically selects symbolic elements by systematically categorizing and organizing traditional Chinese cultural symbols to create a rich cultural space.It employs cutting-edge scientific and technological methods to enrich viewer immersion,crafting media rituals with both temporal significance and a profound sense of media ritual.This approach boosts the program’s popularity and sets a benchmark for industry innovation.By fostering an interactive narrative between mainstream media and the public,the program continuously broadens the scope of the“story world,”fostering a harmonious and structured national cultural community through the creative interpretation of traditional Chinese culture and the evocative crafting of the aesthetic sensibilities inherent in Chinese art.It is worth noting that the phenomenon of aesthetic fatigue besets the development of this serial program.To address this issue and further improve the appeal of the program,a comprehensive approach is required to develop a cohesive narrative mode for the“story world.”This involves harmonizing the interplay between artistic endeavors and technological advancements,synchronizing sensory experiences with the foundational ritualistic elements,and enhancing the effectiveness of the media communication matrix to construct a brand of media culture that has social significance,aesthetic value,and economic profits in the new era.

A gap-free and haplotype-resolved lemon genome provides insights into flavor synthesis and huanglongbing (HLB) tolerance

The lemon(Citrus limon;family Rutaceae)is one of the most important and popular fruits worldwide.Lemon also tolerates huan-glongbing(HLB)disease,which is a devastating citrus disease.Here we produced a gap-free and haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of the lemon by combining Pacific Biosciences circular consensus sequencing,Oxford Nanopore 50-kb ultra-long,and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture technologies.The assembly contained nine-pair chromosomes with a contig N50 of 35.6 Mb and zero gaps,while a total of 633.0 Mb genomic sequences were generated.The origination analysis identified 338.5Mb genomic sequences originating from citron(53.5%),147.4Mb frommandarin(23.3%),and 147.1Mb frompummelo(23.2%).The genome included 30528 protein-coding genes,and most of the assembled sequences were found to be repetitive sequences.Several significantly expanded gene families were associated with plant-pathogen interactions,plant hormone signal transduction,and the biosynthesis of major active components,such as terpenoids and f lavor compounds.Most HLB-tolerant genes were expanded in the lemon genome,such as 2-oxoglutarate(2OG)/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase and constitutive disease resistance 1,cell wall-related genes,and lignin synthesis genes.Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that phloem regeneration and lower levels of phloem plugging are the elements that contribute to HLB tolerance in lemon.Our results provide insight into lemon genome evolution,active component biosynthesis,and genes associated with HLB tolerance.

Genome assembly of wild loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) and resequencing provide new insights into the genomic evolution and fruit domestication in loquat

Wild loquats(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)provide remarkable genetic resources for studying domestication and breeding improved varieties.Herein,we generate the first high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of wild loquat,with 45791 predicted proteincoding genes.Analysis of comparative genomics indicated that loquat shares a common ancestor with apple and pear,and a recent whole-genome duplication event occurred in loquat prior to its divergence.Genome resequencing showed that the loquat germplasms can be distinctly classified into wild and cultivated groups,and the commercial cultivars have experienced allelic admixture.Compared with cultivated loquats,the wild loquat genome showed very few selected genomic regions and had higher levels of genetic diversity.However,whole-genome scans of selective sweeps were mainly related to fruit quality,size,and f lesh color during the domestication process.Large-scale transcriptome and metabolome analyses were further performed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)in wild and cultivated loquats at various fruit development stages.Unlike those in wild loquat,the key DEGs and DAMs involved in carbohydrate metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,f lavonoid biosynthesis,and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly regulated in cultivated loquats during fruit development.These high-quality reference genome,resequencing,and large-scale transcriptome/metabolome data provide valuable resources for elucidating fruit domestication and molecular breeding in loquat.

基于ADAMS/Insight的汽车双横臂前悬架仿真与优化研究

以某乘用车双横臂前悬架为研究对象,在ADAMS/Car模块中建立其多体动力学虚拟样机模型,对模型进行双轮平行跳动仿真,运用ADAMS/Insight对悬架参数进行优化设计,选取12个对悬架性能影响大的硬点坐标值作为设计变量,选取主要的5个悬架性能参数(车轮前束等)作为优化目标,对设计变量进行灵敏度分析,在ADAMS/Insight中选择二阶响应面法的D-optimal优化算法进行多目标优化,得到优化后的硬点坐标值。结果表明,优化后的双横臂前悬架各性能参数都得到了较大幅度优化,对双横臂悬架在工程中的优化设计工作具有一定的参考意义。

The Impact of Behavioural Insights on Effective Prescription of Antibiotics by Doctors: A Case Study from Latifa Hospital for Women and Children, Dubai Health Authority

Introduction: Wise prescription of antibiotics is an ethical duty of physicians in view of rising antimicrobial resistance in the community, it should be balanced between the health requirements of the patients and resulting long-term antibiotics resistance. Overuse of antimicrobials is a major cause of emerging resistance to antimicrobials. There are multiple factors in the community that influence the physician’s antibiotic prescriptions. Methods: This is a systematic case-control study on antibiotics prescription for paediatric patients attending Latifa Hospital for Women and Children (LWCH), Dubai Health Authority, to know the effects of behavioral interventions on rates of inappropriate antimicrobials prescription by doctors in the Paediatric Emergency Department. Results: The results of our study showed the effectiveness of behavioral insights by peer comparison in antibiotic use among paediatricians in Latifa Hospital had a statistical significance (P = 0.0038). The rate of the prescription decreased from 41% to 21%, a difference of 20%. Conclusion: The study concluded behavioural intervention is an effective measure in reducing the improper prescription of antibiotics in the hospital setting.

PANoptosis:new insights in regulated cell death in ischemia/reperfusion models

See related article,pp 357-363The first study describing the cell death and destruction of tissues,organs,and organ systems as programmed events during the development of multicellular organisms was performed by JW Saunders Jr in 1966.The term apoptosis was introduced by Kerr,Wyllie,and Currie in 1972 to describe a programmed phenomenon opposite to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations.Later,a description of ectodermal cell lineages as programmed cell death in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans was publishedby JE Sulston and HR Horvitz in 1976.

Oxidative stress in N88S seipinopathy:novel insights into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and therapeutic avenues

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous cellular orga nelles that perform functions mostly dedicated to energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism.As neutral lipid depots (triacylglycerol,sterol esters),they can be rapidly mobilized through lipase-mediated hydrolysis (lipolysis) or via lipophagy,a specific form of autophagy devoted to consumption of LDs inside the lysosome.

A high-quality Bougainvillea genome provides new insights into evolutionary history and pigment biosynthetic pathways in the Caryophyllales

Bougainvillea is a perennial ornamental shrub that is highly regarded in ornamental horticulture around the world.However,the absence of genome data limits our understanding of the pathways involved in bract coloration and breeding.Here,we report a chromosome-level assembly of the giga-genome of Bougainvillea×buttiana‘Mrs Butt’,a cultivar thought to be the origin of many other Bougainvillea cultivars.The assembled genome is∼5 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 151756278 bp and contains 86572 genes which have undergone recent whole-genome duplication.We confirmed that multiple rounds of whole-genome multiplication have occurred in the evolutionary history of the Caryophyllales,reconstructed the relationship in the Caryophyllales at whole genome level,and found discordance between species and gene trees as the result of complex introgression events.We investigated betalain and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways and found instances of independent evolutionary innovations in the nine different Caryophyllales species.To explore the potential formation mechanism of diverse bract colors in Bougainvillea,we analyzed the genes involved in betalain and anthocyanin biosynthesis and found extremely low expression of ANS and DFR genes in all cultivars,which may limit anthocyanin biosynthesis.Our findings indicate that the expression pattern of the betalain biosynthetic pathway did not directly correlate with bract color,and a higher expression level in the betalain biosynthetic pathway is required for colored bracts.This improved understanding of the correlation between gene expression and bract color allows plant breeding outcomes to be predicted with greater certainty.

The first chromosome-level Fallopia multiflora genome assembly provides insights into stilbene biosynthesis

Fallopia multiflora(Thunb.)Harald,a vine belonging to the Polygonaceae family,is used in traditional medicine.The stilbenes contained in it have significant pharmacological activities in anti-oxidation and anti-aging.This study describes the assembly of the F.multiflora genome and presents its chromosome-level genome sequence containing 1.46 gigabases of data(with a contig N50 of 1.97 megabases),1.44 gigabases of which was assigned to 11 pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomics confirmed that F.multiflora shared a whole-genome duplication event with Tartary buckwheat and then underwent different transposon evolution after separation.Combining genomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics data to map a network of associated genes and metabolites,we identified two FmRS genes responsible for the catalysis of one molecule of p-coumaroyl-CoA and three molecules of malonyl-CoA to resveratrol in F.multiflora.These findings not only serve as the basis for revealing the stilbene biosynthetic pathway but will also contribute to the development of tools for increasing the production of bioactive stilbenes through molecular breeding in plants or metabolic engineering in microbes.Moreover,the reference genome of F.multiflora is a useful addition to the genomes of the Polygonaceae family.

The genome of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) provides insights into its genome evolution and high nutrient content

Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus)is an important vegetable crop with high nutritional value.However,the mechanism underlying its high nutrient content remains poorly understood.Here,we present a chromosome-scale genome of okra with a size of 1.19 Gb.Comparative genomics analysis revealed the phylogenetic status of A.esculentus,as well as whole-genome duplication(WGD)events that have occurred widely across the Malvaceae species.We found that okra has experienced three additional WGDs compared with the diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii,resulting in a large chromosome number(2n=130).After three WGDs,okra has undergone extensive genomic deletions and retained substantial numbers of genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis and environmental adaptation,resulting in significant differences between okra and G.raimondii in the gene families related to cellulose synthesis.Combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis,we revealed the relationship between gene expression and metabolite content change across different okra developmental stages.Furthermore,the sinapic acid/S-lignin biosynthesis-related gene families have experienced remarkable expansion in okra,and the expression of key enzymes involved in the sinapic acid/S-lignin biosynthesis pathway vary greatly across developmental periods,which partially explains the differences in metabolite content across the different stages.Our study gains insights into the comprehensive evolutionary history of Malvaceae species and the genetic basis that underlies the nutrient content changes in okra,which will facilitate the functional study and genetic improvement of okra varieties.

Integrating genome-wide association and transcriptome analysis to provide molecular insights into heterophylly and eco-adaptability in woody plants

Heterophylly is regard as an important adaptive mechanism in response to different environments within plants.However,the genetic mechanisms responsible for heterophylly in woody plants are still poorly understood.Herein,the divergence of heterophyllous leaves was investigated at morphogenesis and using microdissection and physiological indexes in paper mulberry,and the genetic basis of heterophylly was further revealed combined with genome-wide association study(GWAS),transcriptome analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA).Our results revealed that the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity increased gradually from the entire leaf to the palmatisect leaf,while the hormone content and net photosynthetic rate decreased.Through GWAS and transcriptome analysis,a total of 98 candidate genes and 2338 differentially expressed genes associated with heterophylly were identified.Importantly,we uncovered critical variations in the candidate genes Bp07g0981(WOX)and Bp07g0920(HHO),along with significant differences in haplotypes and expression levels among heterophyllous leaves.Our results also suggested that the genes involved in hormone signaling pathways,antioxidant activity,and f lavonoid metabolism might be closely related to the heterophylly of paper mulberry,which could account for the physiological data.Indeed,CR-wox mutant lines showed significant changes in leaf phenotypes,and differential expression profile analysis also highlighted the expression of genes related to phytohormones and transcription factors.Together,the genetic variations and candidate genes detected in this study provide novel insights into the genetic mechanism of heterophylly,and would improve the understanding of eco-adaptability in heterophyllous woody plants.

Genome assembly of Polygala tenuifolia provides insights into its karyotype evolution and triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis

Polygala tenuifolia is a perennial medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating mental diseases.However,the lack of genomic resources limits the insight into its evolutionary and biological characterization.In the present work,we reported the P.tenuifolia genome,the first genome assembly of the Polygalaceae family.We sequenced and assembled this genome by a combination of Illumnina,PacBio HiFi,and Hi-C mapping.The assembly includes 19 pseudochromosomes covering∼92.68%of the assembled genome(∼769.62 Mb).There are 36463 protein-coding genes annotated in this genome.Detailed comparative genome anal-ysis revealed that P.tenuifolia experienced two rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred∼39–44 and∼18–20 million years ago,respectively.Accordingly,we systematically reconstructed ancestral chromosomes of P.tenuifolia and inferred its chromosome evolution trajectories from the common ancestor of core eudicots to the present species.Based on the transcriptomics data,enzyme genes and transcription factors involved in the synthesis of triterpenoid saponin in P.tenuifolia were identified.Further analysis demonstrated that whole-genome duplications and tandem duplications play critical roles in the expansion of P450 and UGT gene families,which contributed to the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins.The genome and transcriptome data will not only provide valuable resources for comparative and functional genomic researches on Polygalaceae,but also shed light on the synthesis of triterpenoid saponin.

A telomere-to-telomere reference genome provides genetic insight into the pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis in Chaenomeles speciosa

Chaenomeles speciosa(2n=34),a medicinal and edible plant in the Rosaceae,is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine.To date,the lack of genomic sequence and genetic studies has impeded efforts to improve its medicinal value.Herein,we report the use of an integrative approach involving PacBio HiFi(third-generation)sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding to assemble a high-quality telomere-to-telomere genome of C.speciosa.The genome comprised 650.4 Mb with a contig N50 of 35.5 Mb.Of these,632.3 Mb were anchored to 17 pseudo-chromosomes,in which 12,4,and 1 pseudo-chromosomes were represented by a single contig,two contigs,and four contigs,respectively.Eleven pseudo-chromosomes had telomere repeats at both ends,and four had telomere repeats at a single end.Repetitive sequences accounted for 49.5%of the genome,while a total of 45515 protein-coding genes have been annotated.The genome size of C.speciosa was relatively similar to that of Malus domestica.Expanded or contracted gene families were identified and investigated for their association with different plant metabolisms or biological processes.In particular,functional annotation characterized gene families that were associated with the biosynthetic pathway of oleanolic and ursolic acids,two abundant pentacyclic triterpenoids in the fruits of C.speciosa.Taken together,this telomere-to-telomere and chromosome-level genome of C.speciosa not only provides a valuable resource to enhance understanding of the biosynthesis of medicinal compounds in tissues,but also promotes understanding of the evolution of the Rosaceae.