Selection of Surgical Approach and Clinical Significance of Lower Cervical Spine Injuries Guided by SLIC Scoring System

Objective: To explore the feasibility and clinical significance of surgical approach selection for cervical spine injury guided by SLIC scoring system. Methods: The clinical data of 75 patients with lower cervical injury surgery from January 2020 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 48 males and 27 females. Age: 28 - 65 years old. Causes of injury: 39 cases of traffic accidents, 15 cases of ice and snow sports, 12 cases of falling from high places, 9 cases of heavy objects. There were 12 cases of C3-4, 33 cases of C4-5, 21 cases of C5-6, and 9 cases of C6-7. Time from injury to medical treatment: 4 h - 2 d. Cervical spine X-ray, MRI, MDCT examination and preoperative SLIC score were performed on admission. Anterior approach was performed by subtotal cervical vertebrae resection or discectomy, titanium Cage or cage supported bone grafting and anterior titanium plate fixation. Posterior approach was performed with cervical laminoplasty, lateral mass or pedicle screw fixation and fusion. The combined anterior-posterior operation was performed by the anterior methods+ posterior methods. The time from injury to surgery is 12 h to 3 d. The function before and after operation was evaluated by JOA efficacy evaluation criteria. The correlation between the three surgical approaches and postoperative efficacy and SLIC score was compared. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: In this group of 75 patients, 32 cases of anterior operation, 22 cases of posterior operation and 21 cases of combined operation were followed up for no less than 12 months. There was no significant difference in age, gender, injury cause, injury segment, time from injury to treatment, and time from injury to operation among the three surgical approaches, which were comparable. The SLIC scores of mild, moderate and severe injuries of anterior surgery, posterior surgery and combined anterior and posterior surgery, They were (5.26 ± 1.24, 5.86 ± 1.67, 8.25 ± 0.21), (5.57 ± 1.43, 5.99 ± 1.85, 9.00 ± 0.25), (0, 5.98 ± 0.33, 9.44 ± 0.34), respectively. By comparing the SLIC scores and JOA scores of anterior surgery and posterior surgery, there was no difference in SLIC scores and JOA scores between the two groups for mild and moderate injuries (P > 0.05). However, the JOA scores at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery were different from those before surgery, and the postoperative efficacy and JOA scores were significantly improved (P & lt;0.05), indicating that the two surgical methods had the same therapeutic effect, that is, anterior or posterior surgery could be used to treat mild or moderate injuries (P > 0.05). There were differences in SLIC scores among the three surgical approaches for severe injury (P 0.05). The postoperative efficacy and JOA score of combined anterior-posterior approach were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P Conclusion: SLIC score not only provides accurate judgment for conservative treatment or surgical treatment of cervical spine injury, but also provides evidence-based medical basis and reference value for the selection of surgical approach and surgical method. According to the SLIC score, the surgical approach is safe and feasible. When the SLIC score is 4 - 7, anterior surgery is selected for type A injury, and posterior surgery is selected for type B injury. When the SLIC score is ≥8, combined anterior-posterior surgery should be selected. It is of great significance for clinical formulation of precision treatment strategy.

Decompression via posterior-anterior approach and anterior fixation in treatment of fracturedislocation of the lower cervical spine with bilateral facet joints dislocation

Objective To evaluate surgical strategy of decompression via posterior-anterior approach and anterior fixation in treatment fracture-dislocation of lower cervical spine with bilateral facet joints dislocation. Methods This

Dynamic Radiographic Analysis of Sympathetic Cervical Spondylosis Instability

Objective To investigate the correlation between subaxial cervical spine instability and cervical spondylotic sympathetic symptoms as well as the difference of cervical spondylotic subaxial instability between male and female patients. Methods We analyzed retrospectively 318 surgical cases of cervical spondylosis treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between July 2003 and December 2007. All cases were divided into group A without sympathetic symptoms (n=284) and group B with sympathetic symptoms (n=34). Angular and horizontal translation values between two adjacent vertebral bodies from C2 to C7 were measured separately on hyperflexion and hyperextension lateral cervical spine radiographs. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the correlation between subaxial cervical instability and sympathetic symptoms. Intragroup correlation between patient gender and subaxial cervical instability was also evaluated. Results Subaxial instability incidences in groups A and B were 21.8% (62/284) and 55.9% (19/34), respectively. Statistical analysis indicated a definite correlation between subaxial cervical instability and sympathetic symptoms (P=0.000). Among patients without sympathetic symptoms, subaxial instability incidences were 21.4% (37/173) in males and 22.5% (25/111) in females, respectively (P=0.883). While among patients with sympathetic symptoms, subaxial instability incidences were 27.3% (3/11) in males and 69.6% (16/23) in females, respectively, indicating significant difference (P=0.030). Subaxial instability was most commonly seen at C4-C5 intervertebral space in sympathetic cervical spondylosis patients. Conclusions High correlation exists between subaxial cervical spine instability and cervical spondylotic sympathetic symptoms, especially in female patients. Hyperextension and hyperflexion radiographs of cervical spine are important to assess sympathetic cervical spondylotic subaxial instability.

Clinical algorithm for preventing missed diagnoses of occult cervical spine instability after acute trauma: A case report

BACKGROUND Missed or delayed diagnosis of cervical spine instability after acute trauma can have catastrophic consequences for the patient,resulting in severe neurological impairment.Currently,however,there is no consensus on the optimal strategy for diagnosing occult cervical spine instability.Thus,we present a case of occult cervical spine instability and provide a clinical algorithm to aid physicians in diagnosing occult instability of the cervical spine.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old man presented with cervical spine pain and inability to stand following a serious fall from a height of 2 m.No obvious vertebral fracture or dislocation was found at the time on standard lateral X-ray,computed tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Subsequently,the initial surgical plan was unilateral open-door laminoplasty(C3-7)with alternative levels of centerpiece mini-plate fixation(C3,5,and 7).However,the intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopic X-rays revealed significantly increased intervertebral space at C5-6,indicating instability at this level that was previously unrecognized on preoperative imaging.We finally performed lateral mass fixation and fusion at the C5-6 level.Looking back at the preoperative images,we found that the preoperative T2 MRI showed non-obvious high signal intensity at the C5-6 intervertebral disc and posterior interspinous ligament.CONCLUSION MRI of cervical spine trauma patients should be carefully reviewed to detect disco-ligamentous injury,which will lead to further cervical spine instability.In patients with highly suspected cervical spine instability indicated on MRI,lateral X-ray under traction or after anesthesia and muscle relaxation needs to be performed to avoid missed diagnoses of occult cervical instability.

Efficacy of Modified Expansive Open-Door Laminoplasty for Cervical Myelopathy

Objectives: Expansive open-door laminoplasty is used widely for the treatment of cervical spondylosis and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL). We have developed a unique modification of the surgical procedure to keep the lamina expanded, with the aim of preventing reclosure of the vertebral arch. To examine the effectiveness of and problems associated with the modified expansive open-door laminoplasty technique developed at our institution by evaluating the surgical outcomes. Methods and Materials: Fifty-six patients (46 men and 10 women) underwent the modified expansive open-door laminoplasty and were followed up for at least 1 year. Thirty-eight had Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM) and 18 had OPLL. The patients were 34 to 89 years of age (mean: 60.9 years). The severity of myelopathy was evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association’s scoring system. Surgical outcomes were evaluated using Hirabayashi’s system for determining recovery rate. In the radiographic analysis, the following angles were measured before and after surgery: lordosis angle and Range of Motion (ROM) at C2 - C7 on lateral radiographs, and opening angle on computerized tomography (CT). The presence and absence of axial pain and postoperative C5 palsy were also evaluated. Results: The rate of JOA score improvement was about 60%, the lordosis angle observed on lateral radiographs was maintained. ROM decreased after surgery in both the CSM and OPLL groups, and the extent of the decrease was similar to that in previous reports. The opening angle of the lamina was 62°- 65° on post-operative CT. Axial pain was reported by 34% of patients. Conclusions: Our modified procedure produced satisfactory postoperative outcomes based on the clinical data and imaging findings for both CSM and OPLL. The advantage of this procedure is that it avoids potential complications associated with bone grafts or implants.

类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳发生率及相关因素的Meta分析

目的:目前关于类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳危险因素的报道较多,但存在样本量较少、混杂因素较多等问题,各项研究对同一相关因素的研究结果也存在一定差异。文章通过系统评价的方法分析类风湿关节炎患者发生颈椎失稳的相关因素。方法:通过检索中英文数据库,收集各数据库建库至2023年3月与类风湿关节炎患者发生颈椎失稳有关的文献,以患者结局是否发生颈椎失稳为分组标准,提取纳入研究的基本信息及患者基本特征、实验室相关检查结果及用药情况等相关危险因素,使用Stata 14.0软件对结果指标进行Meta分析。结果:①共纳入16项观察性研究,7项研究为病例对照研究,9项研究为横断面研究,文献质量均为中等及以上,类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳总体发生率为43.08%。②Meta分析结果显示:相关危险因素包括女性(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.44-0.82,P=0.002)、发病年龄(SMD=-0.52,95%CI:-0.86至-0.18,P=0.003)、病程(SMD=0.58,95%CI:0.14-1.02,P=0.01)、体质量指数(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.63-0.88,P=0.001)、类风湿因子阳性单因素分析亚组(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.02-1.72,P=0.04)、C-反应蛋白(SMD=0.26,95%CI:0.16-0.35,P=0.00)、红细胞沉降率(SMD=0.15,95%CI:0.002-0.29,P=0.047)、抗环瓜氨酸多肽抗体(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.19-2.51,P=0.004)、28个关节疾病活动度评分(SMD=0.20,95%CI:0.04-0.37,P=0.02)、外周关节破坏(OR=2.48,95%CI:1.60-3.85,P=0.00)及皮质类固醇(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.54-2.37,P=0.00)与类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳的发生密切相关,女性与皮质类固醇的使用为类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳发生的独立相关因素。结论:基于16项观察性研究的临床证据提示,类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳的总体发生率为43.08%,但各研究间类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳发生率差异较大,其中性别(女性)及使用皮质类固醇治疗被证实为类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳发病的独立相关因素,该研究结果对临床早期识别、诊断和预防类风湿关节炎患者颈椎失稳提供了一定的参考依据。

寰枢椎融合术和枕颈融合术对齿状突骨折患者颈椎矢状面平衡的影响

目的 探讨两种术式对颈椎矢状面平衡的影响,为临床选择治疗齿状突骨折合并上颈椎不稳的手术方式及评价预后提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2015-01—2019-01在郑州大学第一附属医院行手术治疗的48例齿状突骨折合并上颈椎不稳患者的资料,依据术式分为寰枢椎融合术(AAF)组31例和枕颈融合术(OCF)组17例。比较2组患者术前、术后3天及末次随访时的影像学参数:O~C_(2)角、O~EA角、C_(1~2)角、C_(2~7)SVA和C_(2~7)Cobb角;并计算dO~C_(2)角、dO~EA角、dC C_(1~2)角、dSVA和dCobb角。结果 AAF组和OCF组术后C_(2~7)Cobb角均较术前显著减小,O~C_(2)角、O~EA角、C_(2~7)SVA较术前显著增大,OCF组的dSVA和dCobb角的绝对值均显著大于AAF组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关系数分析显示:OCF组dO~C_(2)角与dCobb角间存在显著相关性(R=0.54,R^(2)=0.29,P<0.05),dO~C_(2)角与dO~EA角间也存在显著相关性(R=0.55,R^(2)=0.30,P<0.05)。结论 后入路AAF术和OCF术均会导致下颈椎的退变。与AAF术比较,OCF术后患者下颈椎矢状面平衡退变更为严重。行OCF术时,建议术中监测枕颈角(O~C_(2)角)的固定角度,角度增加过多可能会加速下颈椎的退变。

后路寰枢椎融合术后下颈椎前凸曲度降低的影响因素研究

目的探讨后路寰枢椎融合术后下颈椎前凸曲度降低的影响因素。方法选择2016年4月~2018年4月本院收治的84例寰枢椎脱位患者为研究对象,均采用后路寰枢椎融合术治疗,随访2年,根据术前、术后的下颈椎前凸角变化设为降低组以及不变或增加组,比较两组患者年龄、性别、术前枕颈角、下颈椎前凸角、颈椎矢状面轴向垂直距离(C_(2-7)sagittal vertical axis,C_(2-7)SVA)、T_(1)倾斜角(T_(1)slope,T_(1)S)、术后C_(1-2)角等临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析法调查术后下颈椎前凸曲度降低的独立影响因素。结果术后下颈椎前凸曲度降低者26例,不变或增加者58例。两组患者年龄、术前枕颈角、下颈椎前凸角、C_(2-7)SVA、术后C 1-2角差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者性别、术前T_(1)S差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、术前下颈椎前凸角>20°、术前枕颈角>20°、术后C 1-2角>20°,均是术后下颈椎前凸曲度降低的独立影响因素。结论后路寰枢椎融合术后下颈椎前凸曲度降低与术前下颈椎前凸角、术前枕颈角、年龄以及融合角度过大有关。

个体化3D打印导向模板在下颈椎椎弓根螺钉置钉中的应用研究

目的 通过数字化骨科技术制作出个体化导向模板,在导板引导下在下颈椎实物模型上置入椎弓根螺钉,并比较其与传统徒手置钉方法在置钉准确率方面的区别。方法 随机选取芜湖市第二人民医院2021年1月至2021年12月住院行颈椎CT三维重建的患者CT资料30例,通过Mimics软件进行三维重建,模拟椎弓根螺钉置钉,设计出最佳进针钉道。继而通过逆向工程软件提取设计出个体化反向模板,3D打印制作出椎体模型及带钉道的导向模板。在C_(3)-C_(6)椎体模型上采用随机数字法随机于一侧应用导向模板辅助置入椎弓根螺钉(导向模板组),另一侧徒手置钉(徒手置钉组),检查并比较两组的置钉准确率。结果 所有颈椎椎体模型双侧均顺利完成置钉,共240枚螺钉。导向模板组116枚螺钉(96.7%)位置为Ⅰ级,4枚螺钉(3.3%)为Ⅱ级,而徒手置钉组73枚螺钉位置为Ⅰ级(60.8%),17枚螺钉(14.1%)为Ⅱ级,11枚螺钉(9.2%)为Ⅲ级,19枚螺钉Ⅳ级(15.8%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 通过计算机辅助软件与3D打印机制作出个体化导向模板,在导板引导下在实物模型上成功完成置钉,置钉准确率较徒手置钉方法有显著优势,具有较好的临床应用前景。

“骨错缝筋出槽”与颈椎病发病关系的临床研究

目的:探讨颈椎"骨错缝筋出槽"与颈椎病临床发病的关系。方法:将2006年3月至2011年10月曙光医院骨伤科门诊收治的符合颈椎病诊断标准的333例患者作为颈椎病组纳入研究,男119例,女214例,平均年龄(48.11±12.21)岁;健康受试者组受试者30例(来源于曙光医院研究生及进修生、社区人员),男6例,女24例,平均年龄(45.27±10.12)岁。分别从症状体征、动态触诊、X线评价3方面综合判断两组受试者颈椎"骨错缝筋出槽"的发生率。结果:两组的症状体征、动态触诊、影像指标方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);颈椎病组有87.99%(293/333)发生颈椎"骨错缝筋出槽",与健康受试者组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:颈椎"骨错缝筋出槽"是颈椎病临床发病的关键病理环节之一,为颈椎病临床防治提供新的研究思路。

Axis系统治疗下颈椎不稳的解剖研究和临床应用

目的 :研究下颈椎侧块的解剖特点 ,评估Axis颈椎后路内固定系统的应用价值。方法 :选 16具成人正常下颈椎防腐标本 ,观察解剖特点 ,探查并测量改良Magerl法进针点和进针角度、深度以及与血管、神经的关系。临床应用Axis系统治疗下颈椎不稳 18例。结果 :改良Magerl法进针点选在术中可视侧块中点内下 1～ 2mm处 ,深度13 2～ 16 4mm ,进针角度分别为矢状面角度 45° ,水平面角度 2 9°。距动脉和神经根的距离分别约为 4 1mm和1 9mm。临床应用 18例 ,平均随访 8个月 ,无并发症 ,15例获骨性融合 ,脊髓功能除 1例无改善外 ,余均有不同程度恢复。结论 :改良进针法更适合于国人。Axis系统适用于各种原因引起的需后路减压的下颈椎不稳。侧块固定有一定风险 ,但只要熟悉解剖特点 ,规范操作 。

前路手术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位

目的 :探讨前路手术在治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位中的价值。方法 :32例严重下颈椎骨折脱位均在全麻下行颈前路减压、复位、自体髂骨植骨及AO颈椎带锁钢板固定。结果 :完全复位 17例 ,复位 90 %以上 15例。平均随访 2 8个月 ,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持良好 ,无钢板螺钉并发症。 2 1例脊髓不完全损伤者神经功能获改善。结论

下颈椎失稳X线片极坐标测量法的分析及临床价值

目的探讨Ｘ线片极坐标测量法在诊断下颈椎失稳中的应用价值。材料与方法对５３例头颈部症状患者、３０例脊髓型颈椎病患者及３０例正常人行颈椎屈伸动态Ｘ线摄片，获得颈椎节段间６项运动参数的测量值。结果颈椎过屈时角位移和线位移三组间无显著性差异；过伸时症状组角位移和线位移均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），屈伸角位移范围症状组明显高于对照组，而颈椎病组明显小于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论颈椎失稳以后伸失稳为主，极坐标测量法符合颈椎实际运动轨迹。是一种诊断颈椎失稳更为可靠的方法。

非外伤性上颈椎不稳定的手术治疗

目的 探讨非外伤性上颈椎不稳定的手术治疗效果。 方法 1998年1月～2 0 0 3年3月治疗非外伤性上颈椎不稳定2 3例,其中C1 、C2 肿瘤破坏3例,寰枕融合畸形3例,先天性齿状突不融合2例,单纯寰枢关节半脱位15例。采用寰枢椎融合术10例,其中Apofix固定5例,钢丝Brookes法固定2例,Atlas钛缆固定3例;枕颈融合术13例,其中Cervifix固定8例,CD- Cervical固定3例,U形棒固定2例。寰枢椎Apofix或Atlas钛缆固定者,取棘突松质骨行C1 、C2 骨屑植骨,余15例取自体髂骨外板行燕尾状大块植骨。 结果 2 3例均获随访6个月～5年,平均2 .5年,全部达骨性融合,时间3～8个月。2 0例术前合并神经系统受损症状者,术后6个月16例症状明显改善,4例无改善。根据JOA评分标准,平均术后改善率为2 7.1%。

动力轴位旋转X线检查在颈性眩晕中的应用价值

目的:探讨动力轴位旋转X线检查在颈性眩晕诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法:对180例颈性眩晕的患者进行动力过屈过伸位和动力轴位旋转X线检查并对下颈椎不稳患者采用颈围外固定、封闭等综合保守治疗,症状反复发作者行颈前路融合固定。结果:X线检查表明,下颈椎不稳141例,占78%,其中矢状位不稳119例,占66%,轴位旋转不稳95例,占52%,73例患者矢状位和旋转不稳同时并存。保守治疗优良率为92%,手术治疗优良率为100%。结论:动力轴位旋转X线检查可以发现下颈椎轴位旋转不稳,对颈性眩晕的诊断和治疗具有重要价值。

下颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤的前路手术治疗

目的:探讨颈椎前路手术在治疗下颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤中的复位率及临床疗效。方法:2006年1月～2011年1月,我院采用前路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴脊髓损伤患者196例,168例患者资料完整并获得随访,男123例,女45例,年龄18～71岁,平均38.7岁。ASIA分级A级21例,B级46例,C级60例,D级41例;按脱位程度Ⅰ度79例,Ⅱ度42例,Ⅲ度31例,Ⅳ度16例。所有患者术前先行小重量颅骨牵引(2～4kg),随后在全麻下行颈椎前路手术进一步复位,先行损伤节段椎间盘切除,以Caspar撑开器撑开复位;不能复位者,行脱位椎体次全切除,再次复位;仍不能复位者,则一期行后路松解,再行前路手术。结果:168例中经颈前路手术复位者为88.1%(148/168),其余11.9%(20/168)则通过前路-后路-前路手术获得复位。89.9%(151/168)获得了完全复位,10.1%(17/168)获得了90%以上的复位。平均随访30.7个月,死亡19例,失访9例,140例仍在随访中。术后6个月均获得骨性融合,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持良好,无钢板螺钉并发症。术后发生声音嘶哑4例,咽喉疼痛17例,髂骨取骨区麻木18例,给予对症治疗后均好转。术后153例脊髓损伤者神经功能获得改善。结论:下颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤,可通过前路手术治疗使颈椎获得即刻的稳定,防止继发性脊髓损伤,改善脊髓的功能状况。

颈椎病患者突出椎间盘周围的炎症反应及临床意义

目的:观察颈椎病患者突出椎间盘周围组织的病理表现,并探讨其临床意义。方法:79例颈椎病患者手术切除100个突出的椎间盘;取出间盘周围的组织进行HE染色及免疫组化染色。将染色结果结合其临床表现、影像学资料进行分析。结果:45个(45%)突出间盘周围的组织内可见血管增生、炎症细胞浸润;炎症组与无炎症组患者在病程、术后脊髓功能改善方面存在显著性差异;炎症反应与颈椎不稳定之间存在显著相关性。结论:(1)部分颈椎病患者突出椎间盘周围组织内存在慢性炎症反应,炎症浸润细胞多为单核-巨噬细胞及淋巴细胞;(2)颈椎不稳定可能是造成突出椎间盘周围组织内炎症反应的原因之一;(3)慢性炎症因素可能参与了颈椎病的发病。

下颈椎骨折脱位手术方式的初步探讨

[目的]探讨下颈椎骨折脱位合理的手术方式及相关处理。[方法]回顾性分析自2006年2月-2008年8月，分别采用颈椎前路、后路、前后联合入路减压、植骨内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位23例，其中前路手术12例，后路手术7例，前后联合入路4例，观察手术前后神经功能恢复、脱位纠正、椎体高度恢复、植骨融合等情况，评估手术疗效。[结果]术后随访5—32个月，平均18个月，所有病例术后神经症状无加重；7例完全截瘫患者（神经功能Frankel A级）无任何恢复，14例不完全截瘫患者中，5例Frankel B级恢复到Frankel C级，4例Frankel C级恢复到Frankel D级，3例Frankel D级恢复到Frankel E级，2例Frankel D级术后仍为Frankel D级；2例Frankel E级术后无加重。Frankel分值平均由术前的1．6增加到术后2．1（P〈0．05）；所有病例均复位、颈椎椎体高度恢复；椎体间植骨全部融合，平均融合时间为3．5个月；术后X线片上提示钢板位置正常，椎体螺丝钉尤折断及松动，无植骨块松动和脱出。[结论]对于下颈椎骨折脱位来说，应当根据不同的伤情采取合理的手术方式。前路手术可以直接处理损伤椎间盘、即刻消除颈椎不稳；后路手术叮以直接解除关节绞锁、脱位，但需排除颈椎间盘损伤的存在，以免在复位时加重脊髓损伤；前后联合入路可以同时处理脱位和损伤椎间盘，但手术创伤和风险较大，应有充分的认识和准备。

下颈椎后结构的临床解剖及影像学测量

目的 :测量国人下颈椎后结构的相关径线及角度 ,为颈椎后路内固定手术的设计及施行提供参考数据。方法 :对 35套正常成人颈椎干燥骨标本以及 10 0套 X线片和 CT片进行测量 ,包括椎弓根宽度、高度、长度、投影点位置、与椎体的夹角、侧块宽度、高度、厚度、后壁中心点与横突孔的距离和夹角、上关节突的倾角等。 结果 :标本测量与影像学测量间存在显著差异。影像学测量的颈椎椎弓根平均宽度 5 .13～ 6 .13m m,与椎体矢状面夹角 34 .43°～ 47.48°,与椎体横截面夹角 - 4.2 5°～10 .90°,侧块厚度 11.0 0～ 12 .78mm ,侧块后壁中心点与横突孔距离 11.30～ 12 .5 9mm ,夹角 5 .40°～ 8.89°,上关节突倾角46 .73°～ 5 7.2 3°。结论 :影像学测量结果更真实。颈椎侧块螺钉宜选用 3.5 mm直径 ,外倾 2 5°、头倾 5 0°置入 ;颈椎椎弓根变异较大 ,应尽量减少使用椎弓根螺钉。

下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉置入相关的解剖学观察

目的:观察成人下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉(Anterior pedicle screw,APS)置入相关的径线和角度,为该术的临床应用提供相关解剖学参数。方法:成人干燥尸体下颈椎(C3～C7)标本22具,分别用手工和CT测量椎弓根最窄处的高度、宽度及内外侧皮质厚度,椎弓根中轴线全长,轴线夹角,并进行统计学分析。随机在CT室资料库中抽取100例成人活体颈椎CT图像,用Mimics软件行三维重建,除以上参数外,还测量进钉点位置的相关数据,计算置钉参数的95%CI。结果:22具标本的相关径线及角度,其手工测量值与CT测量值间无统计学差异。成人活体下颈椎CT图像测量结果通过95%CI的计算,可以得出:C3、C4进钉点位于椎体正中矢状面受术椎弓根对侧2~3 mm,距椎体上终板平面6~7 mm,进钉角度为外倾角46°~48°,头倾角C3:-11°^-12°,C4-6°^-7°。C5进钉点位于椎体正中矢状面受术椎弓根同侧旁1~2 mm,距椎体上终板平面7~8 mm,进钉角度为外倾角47°~49°,头倾角1°~2°。C6、C7进钉点位于受术椎弓根同侧,正中矢状面旁4~5 mm,距椎体上终板平面7.5~8.5 mm,进钉角度为外倾角C6:40°~42°,C7:36°~38°,头倾角C6:6°~7°,C7:11°~13°。置钉长度选择30、32、34 mm较为适宜,螺钉直径可选择3.5 mm或4.0mm。结论:本实验证实了CT测量下颈椎APS置入技术相关参数的准确性,同时在国内首次利用大样本研究对该技术置钉参数进行了探索。