Instantaneous phase-stepping interferometry based on a pixelated micro-polarizer array

In this paper, we propose an instantaneous phase-stepping method for determining phase distribution of interference fringes utilizing a camera that is equipped with a micro-polarizer array on the sensor plane. An optical setup of polarization interferometry using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with two polarizers is constructed. Light emerging from the interferometer is recorded using a camera that has a micro-polarizer array. This micro-polarizer array has four different optical axes. That is, an image obtained by the camera contains four types of information corresponding to four different optical axes of the polarizer. The four images separated from the image recorded by the camera are reconstructed using gray level interpolation. Subsequently, the distributions of the Stokes parameters that represent the state of polarization are calculated from the four images. The phase distribution of the interference fringe pattern produced by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is then obtained from these Stokes parameters, The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by measuring a static carrier pattern and time-variant fringe patterns. It is emphasized that this method is applicable to time-variant phenomena because multiple exposures are unnecessary for sufficient data acquisition in the completion of the phase analysis.

Practical calibration method for instantaneous polarization radar systems utilizing a metal sphere

A practical calibration method is proposed for instantaneous polarization radar systems.The method only needs one measurement by using a metal sphere.The distortions of system and the actual polarization scattering matrix（PSM）of target can be obtained.First,an instantaneous polarization radar system is presented.The system can obtain PSM by a single pulse echo.The dual-polarization antenna can transmit and receive two orthogonal polarization waves.The multilayer micro-strip patch antenna is adopted for this kind of radar system.Second,based on the multi-port network theory,the operation and system errors of instantaneous polarization radar system are analyzed.By making assumption on the cross-talk factors of antenna,distortion matrices of R and Tare derived.Finally,the calibration method based on instantaneous polarization measurement is introduced.Simulation results show the performance of this calibration method.The values of calibrated PSM are in agreement with the actual ones after calibration.

Variational Methods to Nonlinear Differential Equations with Non-instantaneous Impulses

The author aimed to investigate the solvability for nonlinear differential equations with not instantaneous impulses.Variational approach was adopted to obtain the existence of weak solutions as critical points. The findings of this study may serve as a reference for multiplicity of impulsive problems.

Field Method Research for Leak-off Coefficient Analysis Using Instantaneous Shut-in Pressure

The accurate monitor and prediction of fracturing pressure for formation is very important to hydraulic fracturing treatment operation, but whether hydraulic fracturing is successful or not, the fracturing fluid plays a very important role, leak-off coefficient is the most leading parameters of fracturing fluids. Mini-frac test was the most commonly used tools for leak-off coefficient analysis, but it has the shortcoming of time-consuming and costly that can not meet the requirement of the production. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a simple and convenient leak off coefficient analysis method with more inexpensive and time-saving than former methods. Based on ISIP （instantaneous shut-in pressure） method, a new field method of leak off coefficient field analysis model was presented. According to twice ISIP of the fracturing treatment in field operation, therefore, fluid leak off coefficient and formation characteristic can be studied quickly and reliably. More than 40 wells were fractured using this field method. The results show that average liquid rates of post-fracturing was 20 m3/d which double improvement compared with the past treatment wells. It had an important role for fracturing treatments in low permeability used in field application. reservoirs, the new model for real time analysis and adjust is successful

Profile Design and Numerical Calculation of Instantaneous Flow Rate of a Gerotor Pump

Gerotor pump is a special kind of internal rotary pump, which contains a trochoid profile (commonly called as cycloid). Generation of trochoid is normally realized by external rolling method, namely a circle rotating on a fixed circle without slipping. This paper proposes derivative process of the trochoid profile by means of internal rolling method, which is that internal surface of a circle contacts with a fixed circle and rotates around it without slipping. Moreover the instantaneous flow rate can be obtained by numerically calculating the change ratio of area between the inner and outer rotors in the outlet region of the gerotor pump, which avoids to complicatedly derivative process.

Investigation on Instantaneous Meshing Stiffness and Profile Modification of Involute Helical Gear

An efficient finite element model of involute helical gear is presented. A program based on compliance matrix method is developed for the calculation of instantaneous meshing stiffness, and the relationship between the rate of meshing stiffness and overlap ratio is given. On the basis of stiffness calculation, an optimization program for the optimal design of profile modification is developed according to the principle of internal point punishment function method.

Numerical Study on Instantaneous Discharge of Unsorted Particle Cloud in Cross Flow

The mixing characteristics of particles such as dredged sediment of variable size discharged into cross flow are studied by a 3D numerical modal, which is developed to model the particle-fluid two-phase flow. The Eulerian method with the modified k- ε parameterization of turbulence for the fluid phase is used to solve fluid phase, while a Lagrangian method for the sohd phase （particles）, both the processes are coupled through the momentmn sources. In the model the wake turbulence induced by particles has been included as additional source term in the k - ε model; and the variable drift velocities of the particles are treated efficiently by the Lagrangian method in which the particles are tracked explicitly and the diffusion process is approximated by a random walk model. The hydrodynamic behavior of dumping a cloud of particles is governed by the total buoyancy of the cloud, the drag force on each particle and the velocity of cross-flow. The computed results show a roughly linear relationship between the displacement of the frontal position and the longitudi- nal width of the particle cloud. The particle size in the cloud and the velocity of cross flow dominate the flow behavior. The computed results are compared with the results of laboratory experiments and satisfactory agreement is obtained.

UVW对位平台运动学分析及轨迹规划

为控制UVW对位平台匀速运动,对平台做了运动学分析,并针对速度下降问题,设计轨迹规划方案。首先,以自由度为基础建立平台二维平面模型,求解位置正反解公式,分析奇异位形,构建三维工作空间。然后,对常用的同步定速法做轨迹分析,由运动轨迹散点图可知:当旋转角绝对值|θ|增大至15°时,平台运动末端速度与初始速度比值下降为0.935,意味着|θ|增大可降低平台运动速度。最后,结合平台自由度与速度变化规律,设计出等角速度瞬心法。通过对比可知,使用等角速度瞬心法平台运动速度保持恒定,消除了旋转角θ引起的速度下降。

高速铁路微膨胀泥岩破碎土非饱和渗透特性研究

非饱和渗透系数是非饱和膨胀泥岩土体渗流分析及水-力耦合研究的基础,对工程建设和工程病害预防具有重要意义。以新疆哈密地区微膨胀泥岩破碎土为例,制备4种不同初始干密度重塑土样,采用压力板法和滤纸法试验测量其土-水特征曲线,采用变水头试验测量土样饱和渗透系数;通过自主研制的土柱渗流试验装置进行恒定体积条件下一维土柱入渗试验,探究湿润锋前进法和瞬态剖面法的适用性,以获得不同初始干密度土体的非饱和渗透性曲线,并结合试验值对Childs和Collis-Geroge (CCG)渗透系数预测模型进行修正。结果表明:新疆哈密微膨胀泥岩破碎土的基质吸力范围为1~10^(5)kPa,渗透系数范围为10^(-9)~10^(-4)cm·s^(-1);试验土样初始干密度越大,大孔隙占比越小,阻渗作用越明显;CCG渗透系数预测模型可较好地反映土体渗透性曲线发展趋势,但在量值上随吸力的增加逐渐“远离”土体实测渗透性曲线;修正后的CCG渗透系数预测模型可反映不同初始干密度下土体渗透性曲线的发展规律。

一类双边碰撞振动系统的随机响应研究

碰撞过程凭借瞬时冲击模型得以简化,但采用经典的Newton恢复系数模型为计算带来了误差。本研究引入修正的恢复系数模型取代经典的Newton恢复系数模型,预测了一类宽带噪声激励下双边碰撞振动系统的随机动力学响应。位移的碰撞条件借助自由振动系统被转化为能量的碰撞条件。根据系统的能量水平,系统的运动可被分为双边碰撞和无碰撞振动两类。进一步地,两类运动的平均漂移系数和扩散系数可借助能量包线随机平均法求解获得。在此基础上,建立并求解对应的Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov (FPK)方程,进而得到系统的稳态响应。最后,将所提方法应用于Duffing振子,讨论了屈服速度、挡板间距和噪声激励对响应的影响,并用蒙特卡罗模拟验证了所述方法的有效性。

不同暴雨条件下扇形和羽形流域的洪水规律

为了探讨降雨过程时空分布不均匀性对河道径流的影响,以沂河、沭河流域为例,利用瞬时单位线法和马斯京根法计算重现期为10、 20、 50 a的3 d特征暴雨和2019年台风“利奇马”暴雨在2个流域中的洪水流量,得出各防洪控制站在不同暴雨条件下的洪水规律。结果表明:扇形流域内洪水汇流较集中,容易发生洪灾;羽形流域内各支流洪水交错汇入干流,近水先去,远水后去,洪水较缓和,沂河的防汛压力大于沭河的防汛压力;在相同降雨量条件下,沂沭河流域内临沂站在从北向南的降雨过程中更易形成大洪峰,斜午站、石拉渊站和重沟站在从南向北的降雨过程中更易形成大洪峰;莒县站位于沭河上游,控制流域包含多个支流和3个水库,流域形状为属于羽形流域的沭河流域中的扇形流域,具有洪水汇流集中的特点,沭河莒县站的防汛压力大于沭河其他防洪控制站的防汛压力,而且当沭河流域出现大范围同步降雨过程时,莒县站更易形成大洪峰。

基于电场传感器阵列的输电线路电压非接触式测量方法

电压作为表征线路运行状态的重要参量,实现其灵活准确的测量对保证电力系统稳定运行至关重要。传统的接触式电压测量方法,因电压互感器体积较大、会产生电磁谐振和高频振荡、额外测量需断电安装等问题,对于海量化测量并不便利。相比较而言,非接触式测量不接触导线,更加安全和便捷,将成为未来电压测量的发展方向。文中提出了基于电场传感器阵列的输电线路电压非接触式测量方法,该方法为了解决导线位置信息未知的问题,设计了与导线方向垂直排列的电场传感器阵列;求解了含导线未知信息量的方程组;构建了比例系数矩阵,反推出导线电压瞬时值;分析了电场传感器对测量的影响;最后,进行了10 kV电压等级电压瞬时值仿真验证,结果显示最大测量误差为2.219%。

针对高转速A/D采集的自适应平滑处理方法

船舶领域常用瞬间转速测量对各类大型机械设备进行运行状态监测及信号控制,为了提高瞬时转速测量的精度,从而提高船舶设备运行控制的准确性以及设备健康状态评估的有效性,基于传统模数转换(A/D)采集的采集转速方法——测频率法和测周期法,通过对A/D转速测量点数进行多周期平滑处理,并加入转速分段测量的自适应机制,提高A/D采集瞬时高转速的精度。在进行模拟仿真与理论结果比较验证后,进一步开展在实际测量中自适应平滑处理方法对转速测量精度影响的研究。仿真及试验结果表明,采用的转速测量方法针对不同的转频均可有效降低转速测量误差,研究成果可为船舶机械设备转速测量提供一定参考。

道路路基脱空病害雷达波场数值模拟与瞬时属性分析

针对道路路基脱空病害的快速识别,采用时间域有限差分法进行病害的雷达波长数值模拟,模拟了脱空病害不同大小、长度、位置及填充的差异,并通过图像增益和复信号分析技术提取雷达波场的振幅、相位和频率等瞬时属性特征,分析了不同脱空地质的雷达波场响应特征。研究结果表明:根据路基脱空病害的地质雷达瞬时振幅图像和单道波归一化幅值可推算出脱空病害上界面信息和脱空区域介质类型;根据充气脱空病害和充水脱空病害瞬时相位图像特征,可判断出路基结构层间信息和脱空病害区域和边界位置;根据充水脱空病害和充气脱空病害瞬时频率图像,可判断出高频和低频电磁波存在位置。此外,根据充水脱空病害单道波瞬时频率图,可得到正向电磁波存在位置,并作为脱空病害下界面位置判断依据。研究成果可为道路病害的智能识别和快速判识提供理论依据。

基于对称分量法的调相机定子故障特征分析

传统同步调相机定子绕组匝间短路故障机理分析方法通常认为电机定子电流接近三相对称,并以此为基础建立同步调相机故障电流的数学表征。但是,一旦发生定子绕组匝间短路故障,同步调相机三相定子电流的对称性将遭到破坏,使得传统故障机理分析方法所建立的数学表征无法准确反映电机内部电气量的变化。文中通过引入对称分量法,建立故障后同步调相机瞬时有功/无功功率的数学模型,提出利用瞬时有功/无功功率中的2次谐波进行定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断。仿真和实验的结果表明:相较于利用定子电流3次谐波与基波幅值之比诊断故障的传统方法,文中方法在轻微故障状态下能提高至少7倍的诊断灵敏度,更易完成早期故障诊断。同时,所提方法中的故障特征量不受同步调相机工况和故障位置的影响,具有强鲁棒性。

Integrated identification method of rheological model of sandstone in Sanmenxia bauxite

Based on the uniaxial compression creep experiments conducted on bauxite sandstone obtained from Sanmenxia,typical creep experiment curves were obtained.From the characteristics of strain component of creep curves,the creep strain is composed of instantaneous elastic strain,ε（me）,instantaneous plastic strain,ε（mp）,viscoelastic strain,ε（ce）,and viscoplastic strain,ε（cp）.Based on the characteristics of instantaneous plastic strain,a new element of instantaneous plastic rheology was introduced,instantaneous plastic modulus was defined,and the modified Burgers model was established.Then identification of direct screening method in this model was completed.According to the mechanical properties of rheological elements,one- and three-dimensional creep equations in different stress levels were obtained.One-dimensional model parameters were identified by the method of least squares,and in the process of computation,Gauss-Newton iteration method was applied.Finally,by fitting the experimental curves,the correctness of direct method model was verified,then the examination of posterior exclusive method of the model was accomplished.The results showed that in the improved Burgers models,the rheological characteristics of sandstone are embodied properly,microscopic analysis of creep curves is also achieved,and the correctness of comprehensive identification method of rheological model is verified.

六方氮化硼在5 GPa以下的熔点测量

设计并组装了一套瞬间放电装置,实现了样品在DS 6×14 MN国产铰链式六面顶大腔体压机下的高压瞬间放电加热。结合大腔体静高压加载技术以及瞬间放电加热技术,利用熔体凝固过程中晶体经历形核和生长2个阶段的特征,判断晶体的熔化情况。对h-BN粉晶进行了高压环境下的瞬间放电加热处理,以研究高压下h-BN的熔化行为。采用扫描电子显微镜对高压条件下经历瞬间放电加热处理的样品进行微观形貌分析,判断h-BN晶体的熔化情况,确定了在3.4和4.3 GPa压力下h-BN的熔点分别为(4251±150)K和(4531±200)K。这些发现有利于h-BN的应用探索以及现有氮化硼高温高压相图的修正。

Quick evaluation and regulation of the maximum instantaneous power and matching resistance for droplet-based electricity generators

Droplet-based electricity generators (DEGs) leveraging triboelectric effects are simple and high-performance devices for harvesting energy from ubiquitous water droplets. Instantaneous power plays a vital role in wide applications of DEGs. However, the governing law of the maximum instantaneous power and matching resistance is lacking and their determination suffers from heavy repetitive experiments, hindering the development of DEGs. Herein, we propose a quick evaluation method for the internal droplet impedance, instantaneous peak power, maximum instantaneous power and matching resistance which exhibits broad universality and excellent accuracy. Moreover, effects of diverse factors pertaining to droplets and devices are fully investigated, highlighting that the maximum instantaneous power and matching resistance can be effectively regulated across multiple orders of magnitudes by controlling the salt concentration. Our findings shed insights into the understanding, evaluation, and regulation of instantaneous power for DEGs, and shall promote the renovation of the DEG technology.

冷喷涂金属颗粒变形行为数值模拟研究进展

理解冷喷涂中的颗粒变形和沉积行为一直是科学工作的焦点。由于颗粒撞击基底后的瞬时变形行为难以通过实验观测,因此多数研究工作聚焦于数值模拟。总结了一些颗粒撞击基底的建模方法,在前人研究的基础上,针对每个模型的原理及优缺点,分析了每个方法的适用场景,给出了改善模型的方法。综述了颗粒特性、入射角度、气体预热温度等对颗粒变形行为的影响,其中粒径大小、颗粒形状等是影响颗粒变形行为的主导因素,因此重点探讨了颗粒特性的影响。颗粒的撞击变形是影响冷喷涂涂层残余应力分布的重要因素,对涂层残余应力的相关数值模拟研究进行了综述,分析了颗粒变形与颗粒残余应力的关系。最后就目前冷喷涂残余应力建模较单一的形势,探讨了如何建立一种新模型以分析涂层残余应力。

综合物化探方法在湖北通山县厦铺-杨芳林地热勘察中的应用

以湖北咸宁市通山县厦铺—杨芳林地热田重点勘查区为研究对象,基于瞬时测氡法和广域电磁法两种方法对研究区地热资源进行勘察,利用勘察成果数据、图件,结合地质条件和地球物理特征,对物化探资料成果进行分析解释,初步查明测区地热分布特征,最终确定地热钻孔位置。根据地面调查及物探结果分析可知:研究区范围内的低视电阻率区为志留系组的泥质粉砂岩地层,高视电阻率区为奥陶—寒武系石英砂岩、泥质灰岩地层。杨芳林背斜在深部出现了一定的倾伏,施工钻孔在避开咸九高速保护范围后,仍处在背斜的转折端,且物探解译该处存在较大范围的相对地区低阻,该地热井在1200 m后,电阻率偏高,意味着揭穿志留系热储盖层,实际已施工地热井在1260 m进入奥陶系中统宁国组的石英砂岩地层,石英脉、节理裂隙较发育,为地下热水提供了良好的通道。建议在志留系(S)地层厚度较大的地段中,选择寒武系(∈)中相对低阻的部位布置钻孔。