Improvement on the Effectiveness of Marine Stock Enhancement in the Artificial Reef Area by a New Cage-Based Release Technique

The release technique,affecting the survival rate of fish species released for stock enhancement,plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the enhancement.In order to improve the probability of released fish settling down to bottom,a new cage-based release technique was designed and tested via a water tank with artificial reef models.Two coral reef fish species,Sebastes schlegelii and Paralichthys olivaceus were assessed using this technique.Fish behavior and distribution in water tank were recorded and compared with the traditional release release techniques.Results showed that in the case of cage-based release technique:1)when the release process is just finished,the distribution index(DI)of juveniles S.schlegelii and P.olivaceus were 97.8%and 98.9%at reef area,40%and 71.1%at release point,respectively,which was higher than those using two alternative techniques;2)its impact duration was less than that in the other two conditions,where the DI within 4 hours was higher after releasing,especially for S.schiegelii.These findings indicated that the new cage-based technique could release the fish into the specified location,and has a potential to mitigate the stress reaction of fish caused by releasing process.

Positional release techniques as a diagnostic-therapeutic approach in physiotherapy

Manual Therapy is a rehabilitative approach based on the use of therapeutic procedures that includes several techniques, but this paper focuses on what is known as Positional Release (PR), a therapeutic model that includes a series of manoeuvres that are mainly used for the treatment of soft tissue. A deeper understanding of this type of therapeutic approach, especially its well known and widespread variant, Strain-Counterstrain, could, through controlled trials and systematic reviews, confirm its effectiveness, definitively explain the neurophysiological mechanism, and therefore make Positional Release another indispensable option in the professional expertise of the physiotherapist.

Buried bumper syndrome:A critical analysis of endoscopic release techniques

Buried bumper syndrome(BBS)is the situation in which the internal bumper of the gastrostomy tube,due to prolonged compression of the tissues between the external and the internal bumper,migrates from the gastric lumen into the gastric wall or further,into the tract outside the gastric lumen,ending up anywhere between the stomach mucosa and the surface of the skin.This restricts liquid food from entering the stomach,since the internal opening is obstructed by gastric mucosal overgrowth.We performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed literature to retrieve all the case-reports and case-series referring to BBS and its management,after which we focused on the endoscopic techniques for releasing the internal bumper to re-establish the functionality of the tube.From the“push”and the“push and pull T”techniques to the most sophisticated-using high tech instruments,all 10 published techniques have been critically analysed and the pros and cons presented,in an effort to optimize the criteria of choice based on maximum efficacy and safety.

The first data release(DR1) of the LAMOST regular survey

The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.

Data release of the LAMOST pilot survey

This paper describes the data release of the LAMOST pilot survey, which includes data reduction, calibration, spectral analysis, data products and data access. The accuracy of the released data and the information about the FITS headers of spectra are also introduced. The released data set includes 319 000 spectra and a catalog of these objects.

Extending a release-and-recapture scheme to single atom optical tweezer for effective temperature evaluation

By recording the fluorescence fraction of the cold atoms remaining in the magneto-optical trap （MOT） as a function of the release time, the release-and-recapture （R＆R） method is utilized to evaluate the effective temperature of the cold atomic ensemble. We prepare a single atom in a large-magnetic-gradient MOT and then transfer the trapped single atom into a 1064-nm microscopic optical tweezer. The energy of the single atom trapped in the tweezer is further reduced by polarization gradient cooling （PGC） and the effective temperature is evaluated by extending the R-R technique to a single atom tweezer. The typical effective temperature of a single atom in the tweezer is improved from about 105 μK to about 17 μK by applying the optimum PGC phase.

Liquisolid technique and its applications in pharmaceutics

Most of the newly developed drug candidates are lipophilic and poorly water-soluble. Enhancing the dissolution and bioavailability of these drugs is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Liquisolid technique, which is based on the conversion of the drug in liquid state into an apparently dry, non-adherent, free flowing and compressible powder,is a novel and advanced approach to tackle the issue. The objective of this article is to present an overview of liquisolid technique and summarize the progress of its applications in pharmaceutics. Low cost, simple processing and great potentials in industrial production are main advantages of this approach. In addition to the enhancement of dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs, this technique is also a fairly new technique to effectively retard drug release. Furthermore, liquisolid technique has been investigated as a tool to minimize the effect of pH variation on drug release and as a promising alternative to conventional coating for the improvement of drug photostability in solid dosage forms. Overall, liquisolid technique is a newly developed and promising tool for enhancing drug dissolution and sustaining drug release, and its potential applications in pharmaceutics are still being broadened.

Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Prepared by Ionotropic External Gelation Technique

Microspheres containing Pioglitazone hydrochloride were prepared by the ionotropic external gelation method, using sodium alginate with four mucoadhesive polymers namely sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, carbopol 934 P and cellulose acetate phthalate as coat materials. Ionotropic gelation is a method to prepare microspheres using combination of Ca2+ as cationic components and alginate as anion. The practical yield of prepared microspheres using the ionotropic gelation technique was between 172 mg and 604 mg. The result of the Chi-squared test carried out between the actual (practical) and expected (theoretical) yields showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) which indicated that the ionotropic gelation technique could be successfully employed to prepare pioglitazone microspheres using sodium alginate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, carbopol 934 P, HPMC, cellulose acetate butyrate polymers. The drug entrapment efficiency of prepared microspheres showed between 56.12% ± 3.86% to 84.68% ± 2.93% which was significantly higher for ionotropic gelation technique. The highest drug entrapment was found in formulation PMI 8. Swelling index is the capability of a polymer to swell before the drug is released which influences the rate and mechanism of drug release from the polymer matrix. The swelling index of prepared microspheres was in the range of 68% ± 4.52% to 87% ± 0.98%. Pioglitazone HCl microspheres showed controlled release of drug without initial peak level achieving. This type of properties in Pioglitazone HCl microspheres used to decrease side effects, reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliances. From the all batches PMI 8 is considered the best formulation, because among all other formulations, it shows better extent of drug release up to 82.12% (18 h), good entrapment efficiency (84.68%) and the ex-vivo wash-off test shows the best mucoadhesive property. The in vitro drug release studies do up to 18 h. As observed from the various plots, most of the formulations followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.

Comparison of drug release from liquid crystalline monoolein dispersions and solid lipid nanoparticles using a flow cytometric technique

Colloidal lipid particles such as solid lipid nanoparticles and liquid crystalline nanoparticles have great opportunities as drug carriers especially for lipophilic drugs intended for intravenous administration. In order to evaluate drug release from these nanoparticles and determine their behavior after administration, emulsion droplets were used as a lipophilic compartment to which the transfer of a model drug was measured. The detection of the model drug transferred from monoolein cubic particles and trimyristin solid lipid nanoparticles into emulsion droplets was performed using a flow cytometric technique. A higher rate and amount of porphyrin transfer from the solid lipid nanoparticles compared to the monoolein cubic particles was observed. This difference might be attributed to the formation of a highly ordered particle which leads to the expulsion of drug to the surface of the crystalline particle.Furthermore, the sponge-like structure of the monoolein cubic particles decreases the rate and amount of drug transferred. In conclusion, the flow cytometric technique is a suitable technique to study drug transfer from these carriers to large lipophilic acceptors. Monoolein cubic particles with their unique structure can be used successfully as a drug carrier with slow drug release compared with trimyristin nanoparticles.

Long round-sharp needle release technique for 34 cases of superior cluneal nerve entrapment syndrome

Objective:To observe the clinical effect on superior cluneal nerve(SCN)entrapment syndrome treated with the release technique of long round-sharp needle.Methods:The syndrome differentiation based on meridian muscle region was adopted.The release technique of the long round-sharp needle was used at the lesions of meridian tendon region,Yāoyícì(Beside Yaoyi)and the transverse process of the third lumbar vertebra in 34 patients with SCN entrapment syndrome.The treatment was given once a week,4 treatments made one course.After one course treatment,the therapeutic effect was observed.The results of pain rating index(PRI),the visual analogy scores(VAS)and the present pain intensity(PPI)were compared before and after treatment.Results:Of 34 patients,28 cases(82%)were cured,6 cases(18%)effective and 0 case(0%)failed.The total effective rate was 100%.The scores of PRI,VAS and PPI were(10.78±1.98),(5.98±1.19)and(3.91±1.68)successively in 34 cases before treatment and they were(1.98±1.79),(0.89±1.12)and(0.82±0.79)after treatment.The score of every evaluation scale after treatment was lower significantly than that before treatment(all P<0.01).Conclusion:The release technique of long round-sharp needle achieves the satisfactory clinical effect on SCN entrapment syndrome.Hence,this therapeutic method deserves to be promoted.

植物油基聚氨酯包膜肥料研究进展

缓释肥包膜材料采用的聚氨酯主要由石油基原料制备,由于石油基聚氨酯成本高、环境风险较大,近年来逐渐被生物基聚氨酯所取代。在众多的生物基材料中,植物油因价格低廉、来源广泛、无毒性、可生物降解等特点,成为缓控释肥料膜材的研究热点。本文分别综述了植物油基多元醇的制备方法,植物油基聚氨酯包膜的分类,植物油基聚氨酯包膜肥料的改性及应用。环氧开环、酯交换反应、氨解法、加氢甲酰化以及臭氧氧化还原是植物油改性制备植物油基多元醇的常用技术手段。丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、有机硅、氟改性、纳米材料等是植物油基聚氨酯包膜材料改性的常用原料,试验证明植物油基聚氨酯包膜肥料具有减少氨挥发、氮淋溶,提高氮素利用效率的作用。如何提高植物油基聚氨酯交联密度、降低生产成本、深入揭示缓释机理以及扩大在大田试验的应用场景将是今后研究的重点。

口腔种植骨增量中的减张技术

临床上,种植位点骨量不足是种植治疗中常遇到的难题。为确保种植区符合种植条件,骨增量手术尤为重要。而骨增量手术成功的关键要素之一是创口无张力的一期愈合。减张技术是获得创口无张力愈合的关键。本文将从减张切口、减张瓣及减张缝合3个方面介绍口腔种植骨增量中的减张技术,以期为临床提供参考。

书法擒纵论

擒纵是总结吸收前人用笔经验的基础上所提出的技法。擒是内擫笔法,表现为蓄势紧束与劲健。纵是外拓笔法,表现为郁勃奔放与开阔。用擒纵能高效地控制笔锋,写出的线条节奏变化丰富,点画生动美妙,书风通灵超脱,从而遏制因平拖直过单一运笔所形成的点画僵滞、书风呆板的缺点。擒纵是对书家用笔技巧难度和高度的协调统一。知擒纵才可以明晰收放之度,字法才开张奇险,章法字字侵让连贯不断,表现书写主体雄肆的气势与激昂的情志。擒纵也代表着破法、变法与创新,是书写主体创造力的张扬。

基于缓释微胶囊技术中草药纺织品的研究进展

微胶囊技术是一种近年来得到广泛研究和应用的先进技术,可以将药物、香料、保健品等有效成分封装在微小颗粒中,以达到缓慢释放的效果。微胶囊技术广泛应用于中草药纺织品中,可以缓释中药有效成分,达到更加持久的疗效。对微胶囊的定义和概念进行了介绍,并对中草药纺织品中常用的微胶囊芯材和壁材种类进行分析总结。此外,还重点关注了微胶囊制备方法及其在中草药纺织品中的应用研究进展。

害虫遗传控制技术的研究与应用

媒介昆虫可传播寄生虫和病毒,如疟原虫、寨卡病毒和登革热病毒等,每年在全球范围内造成重大的经济损失与人员伤亡。农业害虫则每年造成农作物产量的重大损失,严重威胁着全球粮食安全。然而,目前基于化学防治等手段已不足以完全控制害虫的发生与危害。同时,使用化学农药会导致抗性产生,造成环境污染和农药残留等。因此,生产上亟需开发新型害虫控制策略。近年来,随着基因组测序技术和基因编辑技术的发展,针对目标害虫种群及其特定靶标基因的遗传控制技术迅速发展。相比传统的有害生物防控手段如化学防治等,害虫遗传控制策略具有物种特异性、环境友好和防控高效等优势。本文主要综述了研究较为广泛的几种害虫遗传控制技术,包括昆虫不育技术(sterile insect technique, SIT)、昆虫显性致死释放(release of insects carrying a dominant lethal, RIDL)技术以及基因驱动(gene drive, GD)技术等的研究现状与应用案例。最后,我们对害虫遗传控制技术研究及其在农业害虫防治中的应用做出了几点展望:(1)建立稳定高效的遗传操作体系;(2)鉴定生殖细胞或其他组织中高效的启动子,以提高基因编辑或基因转化的效率;(3)解析害虫性别决定通路和挖掘参与害虫生殖发育的关键基因。

日本草莓栽培常用缓释肥料及高架栽培技术

介绍了日本草莓常用的三种缓释肥料超级环保长效424、环保长效综合313、超级SR有机的施用方法及标准。定植前,使用高架专用旋耕机翻耕基质,将残留在基质中的根打碎,将缓释肥料和Ca、Mg肥等作为基肥施入,每1000m^(2)施入环保长效综合型肥料160kg、牡蛎壳40kg、粒状有机磷20kg、奥绿肥20kg。总结了草莓高架栽培管理技术。

整体分层针刀松解术联合骨伤按摩手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效观察

目的 观察整体分层针刀松解术联合骨伤按摩手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年3月—2021年3月广东省中西医结合医院诊治的380例LDH患者作为研究对象,按照“掷硬币”随机法分为观察组192例与对照组188例。对照组予以骨伤按摩手法治疗,1次/d,4周为1个疗程。观察组予先予以骨伤按摩手法治疗,其操作同对照组,在第1、5、9天予以整体分层针刀松解术治疗。对比2组疗效,治疗前后腰椎活动度、中医证候积分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分。结果 观察组优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组腰椎前屈、后伸活动度均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组腰椎前屈、腰椎后伸活动度高于对照组(P<0.01);2组中医证候总积分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组中医证候总积分低于对照组(P<0.01);2组VAS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 整体分层针刀松解术联合骨伤按摩手法治疗LDH疗效显著,可显著改善腰椎功能及临床症状,减轻疼痛。

中药缓控释制剂研究进展

目的归纳中药缓控释制剂研究进展,为了解中药缓控释制剂制备工艺、处方和质量评价提供参考。方法通过文献检索,对不同缓控释制剂新类型的优缺点,中药缓控释制剂制备工艺、质量评价体系进行分析。结果缓控释制剂新类型涉及固体脂质纳米粒缓控释制剂、口服渗透泵缓控释制剂、胃滞留给药缓控释制剂、生物黏附微球、固体分散体,制备工艺采用多种筛选方法得出最佳工艺,中药缓控释制剂的质量评价方法包括体外释放度研究、体内释药和体内外相关性研究等。结论中药缓控释制剂研究主要集中在中药单体成分、中药提取物或有效部位、中药多个单体成分组合开发的中药制剂,质量评价体系主要有体内释放度、体外释放度和体内外相关性研究,可为中药缓控释制剂发展提供参考。

肌筋膜松解手法治疗脑卒中后下肢痉挛

目的探讨肌筋膜松解(MFR)手法对脑卒中后下肢痉挛的疗效及电生理机制。方法选择80名脑卒中后偏瘫患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组进行常规Bobath康复技术治疗;观察组在对照组基础上进行肌筋膜松解手法治疗。对比2组康复治疗前后下肢屈肌群肌张力的改善情况,采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、临床痉挛指数(CSI)、下肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA-LE)以及改良Baethel指数(MBI)进行评估。分析2组表面肌电图(sEMG)并对比不同康复时间段下肢股直肌、腘绳肌、胫前肌及腓肠肌的均方根(RMS)值,分析RMS值变化与下肢痉挛及功能的相关性。结果康复治疗后,2组MAS得分及CSI均较康复前降低,且观察组均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);康复治疗后,2组FMA-LE评分和MBI均改善。观察组得分显著提升(P<0.05)。2组下肢肌RMS值均呈明显升高趋势(P<0.05),于康复后第2周即有明显下肢肌RMS值差异,观察组腘绳肌、胫前肌及腓肠肌的RMS值明显高于对照组(P<0.05),康复第4周及第6周,观察组股直肌、腘绳肌、胫前肌及腓肠肌RMS值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组下肢肌RMS值变化与MAS评分及CSI呈负相关(P<0.05),与FMA-LE评分及MBI呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论肌筋膜松解可以显著改善脑卒中后下肢痉挛患者的下肢张力,提高下肢功能,且功能性改变与下肢肌肌电信号的增强密切相关。

论汉代房中书和房中术的功用与取向

汉代医家继承先秦节欲养生的房中之学,发展形成以节欲养生为核心关切的房中术,并广泛吸收各类性医药保健知识,汇纂编成体现固精养阴之学的房中书。汉代房中书与房中术持节制适欲主张,规劝贵戚纵欲之风;精研接阴养生之术、发展固精养阴之学,强调房中的养生定位。其固精勿泻之术,适应了一夫一妻多妾制家庭的需要;优生广育之学,满足了贵戚传承爵位、封邑、财产的关切。通过男女交合获得个体健康长寿、促进家庭和睦美满,是汉代房中书和房中术的核心功用与取向。