Instrument Automation Control System Faults and Maintenance

This article explores the topic of fault diagnosis and maintenance strategies for instrument automation control systems,analyzing them through specific cases.The aim of this research is to improve the stability and reliability of the system by conducting a thorough investigation of faults and maintenance in instrument automation control systems.By doing so,this research hopes to provide a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of industrial production.

Magnetically controlled growing instrumentation for early onset scoliosis: Caution needed when interpreting the literature

BACKGROUND Magnetically controlled growing rods(MCGR) are a novel treatment option for early onset scoliosis(EOS). Although the complication profile with MCGR use has been reviewed, these reviews do not take into account important implants modifications, termed iterations, that were made due to early on postoperative complications is not well reported or understood.AIM To assess the effect of MCGR implant iterations on post-operative complications in EOS.METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify studies investigating MCGR specifically for the treatment of EOS, refined to those reporting the implant iteration, specifically the incorporation of the keeper plate to the implant design.Articles with mixed implant iteration usage were excluded. Complications following surgery were recorded as well as potential risk factors and compared between implant cohorts.RESULTS Although 20 articles were identified for inclusion, 5 included mixed implant iteration leaving a total of 271 patients identified through 15 clinical studies thatmet inclusion criteria. The average follow-up was 25.4-mo. Pre-keeper plate implants were utilized in 3 studies with a total of 49 patients. Overall, 115(42.4%)post-operative complications were identified, with 87% defined as major. The addition of the keeper plate significantly decreased the rate of post-operative complications per study(35.7% vs 80.6%, P = 0.036), and the rate of distraction failure(8.1% vs 40.8%, P = 0.02). Unplanned reoperation occurred in 69(26.7%)patients but was not different between implant iteration cohorts(25.5% without keeper plate vs 27.1% with keeper plate, P = 0.92).CONCLUSION MCGR for EOS has a cumulative complication rate of 42.4% but this is significantly reduced to 35.7% when reviewing only keeper-plate enabled implants. However, 25% of published articles included mixed implant iterations.Future studies should discern between implants iterations when reporting on the usage of MCGR for EOS.

Ageing management strategies for instrumentation and control equipment in NPPs

This paper aims to explain main ageing stressors and effects on instrumentation and control (I&C) components followed by ageing management strategies through developed design such as using freewheeling diode to eliminate relays contact ageing due to inductive loads, or through traditional practices and new online monitoring where I&C components can be checked and assessed remotely while the plant is operating. It also includes some recommendations for obsolescence management for special I&C components like microcontrollers and programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

Modeling analysis and optimization design of the thermostatical control system of laser instrument of the semiconductor

Influence produced by the heat effect at work of the laser instrument crystal of the semiconductor, the text designs a kind of temperature control system to the crystal of the laser instrument, using the thought and method of the classical control theory to analyze this temperature control system, and establishes mathematics model. According to mathematics model the text demonstrated the system at S field and time- area, and proposed optimizing basis to the total mark of proportion and differential parameter to con- troller PID, thus proposed a kind of temperature control scheme. And the thermostatically system is simulated by MATLAB.

Threshold decision for instrument control system and its application in nuclear power plant

Threshold decision is an important function of nuclear instrument control system based on physical parameters threshold decision. Because the conventional decision methods lack correlation with time and conditions, by analyzing the existing methods, some optimized methods are adopted. Considering safety, those methods are improved in data processing algorithms, floating threshold with multiple values, association with specific working condition, etc. These measures im- prove the nuclear instrument control system in fault tolerance and fault diagnosis, especially, the shutdown number of nucle- ar power plant decreases.

INTELLIGENT VIRTUAL CONTROL:MEASURING INSTRUMENT FROM WHOLE TO PART

A new concept called intelligent virtual control (IVC), which can be drivenby measuring functions, is put forward. This small 'intelligent measurement instrument unit (IMIU)',carrying with functions of instrument, consists of different types of intelligent virtualinstrument (IVI) through individual components together as building blocks and can be displayeddirectly on the computer screen. This is a new concept of measuring instrument, and also animportant breakthrough after virtual instrument (VI). Virtual control makes instrument resourcesobtain further exploitation. It brings about a fundamental change to the design and manufacturingmode. The instrument therefore, can not only be produced directly inside a PC, but the product isinvolved in the 'green product' system. So far, all the present digital instruments will grow to bereplaced by intelligent control with green characteristics.

On the Existence of an Optimal Control of Ship Automatic Steering Instruments

The existence of linear quadratic optimal control of ship automatic steering instruments is studied. Firstly, the sufficient conditions for the quadratic integrability of the solutions of linear second order time-variant differential equations are developed. Secondly, the optimal control form of the ship automatic steering instrument is obtained by using the dynamic programming method, which guarantees a minimal ship sway range, during long-distance navigation, by using as little energy as possible. Finally, based on the above mentioned sufficient conditions, the conditions for the realization of optimal control are obtained, which provides a foundation for choosing the weighted coefficients for optimal control in engineering.

Network Reliability Analysis of Digital Instrument and Control System with GO-FLOW Methodology

In this paper,the network reliability of an actual digital instrument and control system (DICS) network is analyzed by using GO-FLOW methodology (GFM).The evaluations of common-cause failure (CCF) and uncertainty are incorporated.Three significant CCF groups (real time servers,gateways,reactor protection system) and three typical time intervals (10 min,1 h,and 24 h) are selected in the analysis.It is concluded that the network contribution of CCF accounts for over 68% of the system failure probability.The result indicates that GFM is suitable for the network reliability analysis.

Cardiovascular Automatic Feedback Control Instrument for Rescuing Critical Patients With Abnormal Blood Pressure

Objectives Most medical instruments are designed for diagnosis purpose but very few for clinical treatment. Our research aim is to design and develop a cardiovascular automatic feedback control instrument （CAFCI） for rescuing the critical patients with abnormal blood pressure. Methods The CAFCI was designed on the basis of abundant clinical experiences and on successful mathematic modeling of our blood pressure, pulmonary experimental data. The capillary wedge pressure, and rates of heart beat were measured and inputted into a computer and drugs were chosen by a doctor through a user-friendly interface with the computer. The responses to medication were rapidly acquired and feed back to the computer by automatic detection system in a close-loop system. every 7.5 sec in order to dosage The data were refreshed regulate the speed and of the medications that were given. Results The experimental results with ten dogs showed that the CAFCI system took samples promptly and accurately so that the targeted blood pressure could be reached reliably based on our input parameters and our designing requirements. Conclusions Since the dependability and accuracy of the CAFCI system are much superior to that of the traditional method, its clinical application to rescue the critical patient warrants evaluation in the future.

Importance of Instrumentation in Hydropower Projects

With the advancement of science and technology,humans endeavored to build massive structures,both on surface and sub–surface taking the advantage of physico-mechanical properties of the construction materials like concrete,steel,wood,rock,etc.Quality is the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind.The term itself is subjective until and unless quantified,cannot be controlled.Instrumentation plays a major role to quantify the quality of materials and check if the resources meet the requirements of the structural design.Several types of instruments are developed and used world-wide in different structures to monitor water pressure,seepage,movements,vibration,temperature,stress,strain and other significant parameters.The role of instrumentation specialist lies in understanding the dominating phenomena in the planned structure,designing the instrumentation network,monitoring schedules and timely analysis for cautioning the engineers,designers,quality personnel and the project management to have a check on construction measures vis-à-vis structural performance.This paper describes the role of instrumentation in hydroelectric projects with a brief case study from Bhutan Himalayas.

测控技术与仪器专业控制类课程群实验实践教学改革与实践

控制类课程群是测控技术与仪器专业课程体系的重要组成部分,实验实践教学是工程教育的一个关键环节。该文分析合肥工业大学测控技术与仪器专业控制类课程群实验实践教学现状及问题,从课程群课程内容体系、课程实验规划、多元化的实验实践教学、考核与反馈评价机制等环节,提出一系列教学改革措施,建立创新型控制类课程群实验实践教学体系。该文所述方法在教学实践中取得一定的成效,研究成果为其他课程群的教学改革提供很好的参考价值。

不同测试方法在精密手术器械功能质量检查中的比较效果研究

目的:分析对比不同测试方法在精密手术器械功能质量检查中的测试效果,保障手术器械额安全使用。方法:通过查询相关文献及专业书籍,选定精密手术剪和持针器,选用不同的测试材料及方法。精密手术剪依次采用纱布、棉毛布及Interlock手术器械测试套装内的硅胶薄膜方法测试器械切割性能;精密持针器依次采用光照、夹针和Interlock手术器械测试套装内的夹线方法测试器械夹持性能。选取医院清洗消毒合格的100件精密手术剪和100件持针器进行测试效果研究,自制满意度问卷调查手术医生对器械使用的满意度。结果:100件精密手术剪经纱布、棉毛布和硅胶薄膜3种方法测试后,切割性能合格数量分别为94件、76件和58件,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=36.526,P<0.05);手术医生对采用硅胶薄膜测试合格的精密手术剪使用满意率最高,为100%,棉毛布和纱布法分别为82.0%和67.0%,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=48.439,P<0.05)。100件精密持针器经光照、夹针和夹线3种方法测试后,夹持性能合格数量分别为96件、78件和62件,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38.160,P<0.05);手术医生对采用夹线测试合格的精密持针器使用满意率最高,为100.0%、夹针和光照分别为79.0%和62.0%,医生使用满意率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=57.705,P<0.05)。结论:采用Interlock手术器械测试套装内的测试物检查精密手术剪及持针器功能质量,能客观精准地反映器械功能状态,为器械定期维护与保养提供参考,确保器械安全使用。

机械工程背景下测控专业信号与系统课程教学效果提升策略探索

信号与系统在测控技术与仪器专业人才培养方案中占有重要的地位,在教学过程中需要进行不断的改革以适应人才培养的需求。针对于机械工程背景和学时少的特点,提出总结过往教学效果、教与学并用攻克难点、紧密结合科研或实际工程、课程思政元素的有机融入等提升教学效果的策略,这些策略在一定程度上能够帮助学生克服对新知识的排斥心理和激发求知的主观能动性,有效地提高了课程目标达成度,对于提升人才培养质量具有积极的作用。

圆筒型FPSO船体仪控托架布置方法研究

本文主要研究圆筒型FPSO船体典型仪控系统托架布置方法,介绍了圆筒型FPSO组成及船体控制系统架构、托架的类型、托架的规划,以及船体典型仪控系统托架的布置案例。本方法已在某圆筒型FPSO项目中成功实践,可以为其他项目提供参考和借鉴。

产教融合理念下化工仪表及自动化课程教学改革探究

本文以产教融合理念为基础,针对化工仪表及自动化课程教学进行改革研究。以学生学习反应釜温度PID控制参数整定设置知识点为例,从理论教学和产业应用两个角度分析微分时间常数TD取值对温控系统过渡过程特性影响及调节阀流量特性和控制死区等因素对TD值的限制问题,提升学生深刻理解TD常数意义。在此基础上,提出教学改革措施,旨在提高学生的实践能力和创新意识。本研究表明,通过产教融合的教学模式和教学方法,可以显著提高学生的对化工自动化课程的学习效果,为其未来的职业发展打下坚实的基础。

录井仪远程测控系统软件设计与实现

随着科技的发展,数字化转型已经成为石油勘探行业的重要趋势。远程测控是实现数字化转型的重要手段之一,能够增强企业的竞争力,为此设计开发了录井远程测控系统软件。首先说明了录井远程测控系统软件的功能模块,接着介绍了远程测控系统软件主要功能的设计与实现,最后总结了系统的远程控制、远程诊断等特点。该系统经过现场测试,运行稳定,效果良好。

海洋石油供电平台仪表控制系统应用及调试

针对海洋石油供电平台仪表火气控制多、工艺控制较少的特点,对比分析供电平台控制系统的设计与常规石油平台的不同之处;介绍了供电平台与常规石油平台仪表的不同应用,使仪表工程师对供电平台仪表有一定了解;就不同类型的仪表特点,提出相对应的调试方法,以提高调试效率,满足调试工期需求;最后把调试过程中遇到的问题进行提炼,并提供相应的解决方法,为相关领域的工程师提供一些典型案例,作为调试中遇到类似问题的解决思路。

“工具-过程-主体”视角下中国湿地保护法律政策文本分析与评价

法律政策文本是国家治理目标、价值、内容和影响的集中体现,其中,工具-过程-主体是三个重要的变量。湿地在中国具有独特的生态价值和生态地位,现有研究尚未对湿地法律政策文本和工具做出全面、立体和深入的研究。因此,该研究借助法律政策文本的内容分析和Nvivo12研究工具,构建“工具-过程-主体”三维框架模型,对国家层面颁布施行的100个湿地保护法律政策文本进行计量分析。研究发现,中国湿地法律政策经历了启蒙、发展可持续、可持续发展和绿色发展全面展开四个变迁阶段。根据三维框架和历时性分析得出,中国湿地法律政策呈现的稳定的知识结构在于:工具选择与多元共治模式均表现出依赖政府主导的特征,整体呈现出对更深层次的矛盾关注不足、湿地系统治理监管的全局性不够等问题。针对当前存在的问题,结合中国湿地保护实践和制度嵌入理论,提出了湿地保护工具策略组合和治理结构改善建议:①遵循湿地法律政策演变规律,通过推进自然资源确权、完善生态补偿机制和细化绿色金融工具制度设计,进一步优化湿地绿色发展市场机制;②均衡湿地工具使用,在坚持命令控制型工具主导的前提下,注重新型经济激励工具和社区共建型公众参与工具的运用,迈向多方参与的湿地治理;③注重源头、过程控制,通过转变治理理念,树立湿地风险动态分期应对思想,加强全过程风险控制制度衔接,构建湿地环境分期、分级系统监管模式。

一种雷达转台双电机驱动系统设计与同步控制方法

作为机械传动系统的一个重要组成,转台被广泛应用于雷达系统中,为满足雷达检测等领域对转台驱动系统惯量、功率、性能方面的要求,提出采用双电机同步驱动转台的方式。利用双电机伺服系统的电消隙原理和差速耦合负反馈的同步控制方法,由控制器将控制量经数/模转换送入驱动器,以实现系统的消隙功能、同步补偿功能,提高转台驱动系统的精度和同步控制性能,并将其运用到雷达转台伺服系统中,结果证明了方法的可行性,能够提高所设计雷达转台双电机驱动系统的精确性。

应用模糊PID自修正的电镀槽液温度控制方法

电镀槽液温度自动控制过程属于典型的混沌过程,在温度采集的过程中存在明显的非线性波动。典型的比例-积分-微分(PID)控制算法在这种混沌特性与非线性特性干扰下,存在控制精度较低、稳定性和鲁棒性较差等问题。此外,为解决非线性问题,PID算法需要循环迭代计算,存在控制时滞问题。以模糊控制为基础,提出了基于模糊PID的电镀槽液温度自动控制方法。该方法先设计温度数据采集结构,并将移动平均滤波、温度修正算法引入到采用的数据采集结构中,完成电镀槽液的实时温度数据采集。然后将采集到的温度数据作为构建的模糊PID控制器的输入。利用模糊控制规则引入修正因子,实现电镀槽液温度的自动控制。考虑到电镀槽液的时滞特性,在控制器中加入粗糙预估参考模型,对该特性加以抑制,提升控制性能。最后应用实验证明了所提方法的先进性。实验结果表明:所提方法具有较高的控制精度和效率,能够有效降低超调量和波动,应用效果较好。