Specific activity of primordial radionuclides and associated radiation hazards due to 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th have been measured in backed red brick samples, collected from five highly populated areas of the North West ...Specific activity of primordial radionuclides and associated radiation hazards due to 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th have been measured in backed red brick samples, collected from five highly populated areas of the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. For the detection, analysis and data acquisition, a high purity germanium detector was used. Associated external doses were calculated using a Monte Carlo neutron photon transport code. A theoretical model to determine the gamma dose rate at 1 m height from the floor, made of bricks, was employed for the calculation of mass attenuation coefficient and self-absorption in the floor for the gamma energies of these radionuclides and their progeny. Monte Carlo simulation shows that in this study the floor, having more than an effective thickness of 15 cm, contributes very little to the external gamma dose rate. The values of the external dose rate and annual effective dose are found to be much lower than the world average as well as from other countries of the world.展开更多
The analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232 Th and 40 K) and an anthropogenic radionuclide 13r Cs is carried out in some soil samples collected from Kohistan district of N.W.F.P. (Pakistan), usin...The analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232 Th and 40 K) and an anthropogenic radionuclide 13r Cs is carried out in some soil samples collected from Kohistan district of N.W.F.P. (Pakistan), using gamma-ray spectrometry. The gamma spectrometry is operated using a high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector coupled with a computer based high resolution multi channel analyzer. The specific activity in soil ranges from 24.72 to 78.48Bq.kg-1 for 22TRa, 21.73 to 75.28Bq.kg- 1 for 232Th, 7.06 to 14.9Bq.kg 1 for 1arcs and 298.46 to 570.77Bq.kg-1 for 40K with the mean values of 42.11, 43.27, 9.5 and 418.27Bq.kg-1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity in all the soil samples is lower than the safe limit set in the OECD report (370 Bq.kg-1). Man-made radionuclide 13r Cs is also present in detectable amount in all sell samples. Presence of 13r Us indicates that the samples in this renlote area also recelvo some fallout from nuclear accident in Chernobyl power plant in 1986. The internal and external hazard indices have the mean values of 0.48 and 0.37 respectively. Absorbed dose rates and effective dose equivalents are also determined for the samples. The concentration of radionuclides found in the soil samples during the present study is nominal and does not pose any potential health hazard to the general public.展开更多
A mobile molecular Doppler wind lidar (DWL) based on double-edge technique is presented for wind measurement at altitudes from 10 km to 40 km. A triple Fabry-Perot etalon is employed as a frequency discriminator to ...A mobile molecular Doppler wind lidar (DWL) based on double-edge technique is presented for wind measurement at altitudes from 10 km to 40 km. A triple Fabry-Perot etalon is employed as a frequency discriminator to determine the Doppler shift proportional to the wind velocity. The lidar operates at 355 nm with a 45-cm aperture telescope and a matching azimuth-over-elevation scanner that can provide full hemispherical pointing. In order to guarantee the wind accuracy, different forms of calibration function of detectors in different count rates response range would be especially valuable. The accuracy of wind velocity iteration is improved greatly because of application of the calibration function of linearity at the ultra low light intensity especially at altitudes from 10 km to 40 km. The calibration functions of nonlinearity make the transmission of edge channel 1 and edge channel 2 increase 38.9% and 27.7% at about 1 M count rates, respectively. The dynamic range of wind field measurement may also be extended because of consideration of the response function of detectors in their all possible operating range.展开更多
We investigate the effects of four different information feedback strategies on the dynamics of traffic, travelers' route choice and the resultant system performance in a signal controlled network with overlapped rou...We investigate the effects of four different information feedback strategies on the dynamics of traffic, travelers' route choice and the resultant system performance in a signal controlled network with overlapped routes. Simulation results given by the cellular automaton model show that the system purpose-based mean velocity feedback strategy and the congestion coefficient feedback strategy have more advantages in improving network utilization efficiency and reducing travelers' travel times. The travel time feedback strategy and the individual purposed-based mean velocity feedback strategy behave slightly better to ensure user equity.展开更多
A hybrid high-frequency method is proposed to analyze the bistatic electromagnetic scattering of the ship target on a very large two-dimensional randomly rough sea surface. The scattering of the ship-sea model is eva...A hybrid high-frequency method is proposed to analyze the bistatic electromagnetic scattering of the ship target on a very large two-dimensional randomly rough sea surface. The scattering of the ship-sea model is evaluated with the method of equivalent currents (MEC). The iterative physical optics method (IPO) is utilized to study the electromagnetic coupling effect caused by the hull and rough surface. The shadowing correction based on the Z-Buffer technology is introduced to eliminate the effects of the irrelevant scattering resources. The validity of the hybrid method is confirmed by the SAR simulation results and the scattering property of the ship-sea model is discussed.展开更多
文摘Specific activity of primordial radionuclides and associated radiation hazards due to 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th have been measured in backed red brick samples, collected from five highly populated areas of the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. For the detection, analysis and data acquisition, a high purity germanium detector was used. Associated external doses were calculated using a Monte Carlo neutron photon transport code. A theoretical model to determine the gamma dose rate at 1 m height from the floor, made of bricks, was employed for the calculation of mass attenuation coefficient and self-absorption in the floor for the gamma energies of these radionuclides and their progeny. Monte Carlo simulation shows that in this study the floor, having more than an effective thickness of 15 cm, contributes very little to the external gamma dose rate. The values of the external dose rate and annual effective dose are found to be much lower than the world average as well as from other countries of the world.
文摘The analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232 Th and 40 K) and an anthropogenic radionuclide 13r Cs is carried out in some soil samples collected from Kohistan district of N.W.F.P. (Pakistan), using gamma-ray spectrometry. The gamma spectrometry is operated using a high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector coupled with a computer based high resolution multi channel analyzer. The specific activity in soil ranges from 24.72 to 78.48Bq.kg-1 for 22TRa, 21.73 to 75.28Bq.kg- 1 for 232Th, 7.06 to 14.9Bq.kg 1 for 1arcs and 298.46 to 570.77Bq.kg-1 for 40K with the mean values of 42.11, 43.27, 9.5 and 418.27Bq.kg-1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity in all the soil samples is lower than the safe limit set in the OECD report (370 Bq.kg-1). Man-made radionuclide 13r Cs is also present in detectable amount in all sell samples. Presence of 13r Us indicates that the samples in this renlote area also recelvo some fallout from nuclear accident in Chernobyl power plant in 1986. The internal and external hazard indices have the mean values of 0.48 and 0.37 respectively. Absorbed dose rates and effective dose equivalents are also determined for the samples. The concentration of radionuclides found in the soil samples during the present study is nominal and does not pose any potential health hazard to the general public.
文摘A mobile molecular Doppler wind lidar (DWL) based on double-edge technique is presented for wind measurement at altitudes from 10 km to 40 km. A triple Fabry-Perot etalon is employed as a frequency discriminator to determine the Doppler shift proportional to the wind velocity. The lidar operates at 355 nm with a 45-cm aperture telescope and a matching azimuth-over-elevation scanner that can provide full hemispherical pointing. In order to guarantee the wind accuracy, different forms of calibration function of detectors in different count rates response range would be especially valuable. The accuracy of wind velocity iteration is improved greatly because of application of the calibration function of linearity at the ultra low light intensity especially at altitudes from 10 km to 40 km. The calibration functions of nonlinearity make the transmission of edge channel 1 and edge channel 2 increase 38.9% and 27.7% at about 1 M count rates, respectively. The dynamic range of wind field measurement may also be extended because of consideration of the response function of detectors in their all possible operating range.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 70521001, and the National Basic Research Program of China under Crant No 2006CB705503.
文摘We investigate the effects of four different information feedback strategies on the dynamics of traffic, travelers' route choice and the resultant system performance in a signal controlled network with overlapped routes. Simulation results given by the cellular automaton model show that the system purpose-based mean velocity feedback strategy and the congestion coefficient feedback strategy have more advantages in improving network utilization efficiency and reducing travelers' travel times. The travel time feedback strategy and the individual purposed-based mean velocity feedback strategy behave slightly better to ensure user equity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 60871070, the National Pre-research Foundation and the Foundation of National Electromagnetic Scattering Laboratory.
文摘A hybrid high-frequency method is proposed to analyze the bistatic electromagnetic scattering of the ship target on a very large two-dimensional randomly rough sea surface. The scattering of the ship-sea model is evaluated with the method of equivalent currents (MEC). The iterative physical optics method (IPO) is utilized to study the electromagnetic coupling effect caused by the hull and rough surface. The shadowing correction based on the Z-Buffer technology is introduced to eliminate the effects of the irrelevant scattering resources. The validity of the hybrid method is confirmed by the SAR simulation results and the scattering property of the ship-sea model is discussed.