Post Thyroidectomy Assessment of Intact Parathyroid Hormone for Early Prediction of Hypocalcaemia

Background: As the half-life of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is very low, it reflects parathyroid insufficiency within minutes to hours after total thyroidectomy. Therefore, iPTH level assessment in the postoperative period can be used to predict the development of hypocalcaemia. The optimal time point to measure serum iPTH is important for the accurate prediction of hypocalcaemia. Aim: This paper aims to evaluate the ability of iPTH as an early predictive marker of hypocalcaemia and determine which time iPTH is more able to predict postoperative hypocalcaemia. Method: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2020 to December 2021, with 67 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. iPTH levels were measured on the day before the operation and at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the operation. S.calcium levels were measured on the day before the operation and 1st postoperative day. All the data were compiled and sorted properly and were analyzed statistically. Results: Postoperative hypocalcaemia developed in 18 cases, with an incidence of 26.9%. Pearson correlation showed a significant correlation between postoperative iPTH at 1 hr, 4 h, and 24 hr with 1st postoperative calcium value. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was processed for the postoperative iPTH at 1 hr, 4 h, and 24 hr. The sensitivity, specificity, cut-off value, and mean AUC found 93.9%, 94.4%, ≤14.0, 0.988;95.9%, 94.4%, ≤09.5, 0.993 and 91.8%, 94.4%, ≤11.0, 0.993 respectively. Conclusion: iPTH can be used as an early predictor of post-thy-roidectomy hypocalcaemia. 4 hr iPTH showed more sensitivity and specificity for a cut-off value near the laboratory reference range.

Role of Surgery on Growth of Tricuspid Valve in Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum:Mid-Term Results of Modified Right-Ventricular Overhauling Procedure

Objectives:To access the effectiveness of our modified right-ventricular overhauling procedure on tricuspid valve(TV)growth in patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(PAIVS).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients with PAIVS who underwent modified right ventricular overhauling(mRVoh)between 2008 and 2019 at two institutions.Our mRVoh consisted of wide resection of hypertrophied infundibular and trabecular muscle,peeling off fibrotic endocardial tissue in the right ventricle(RV)cavity,surgical pulmonary valvotomy,and Blalock-Taussig shunt or banding of ductus arteriosus under cardiopulmonary bypass.The TV annulus sizes were measured and analyzed using echocardiography before and after mRVoh.Results:No mortalities were observed during a median follow-up of 3 years(interquartile range:1.3–4.7 years)of follow-up were noted.mRVoh was performed at a median age of 163.5 days(range:21–560 days),including seven neonates and two infants(<60 days).During follow-up,the median TV annular z-score increased significantly from−2.24 to−1.15 before and after mRVoh(p=0.004).In ten patients with a prior history of percutaneous interventions for RV outflow tract(RVOT)widening at least 6 months before mRVoh,the TV annular z-score significantly changed during the period after mRVoh(−2.03 to−1.61,p=0.028)compared with the period before mRVoh(−2.51→–2.03,p=0.575)after percutaneous intervention only.Conclusions:mRVoh in PAIVS patients was positively associated with TV annular growth,and it was more effective than percutaneous RVOT widening interventions without mRVoh.

Explosion Event of Cavitation in Intact Xylem Conduit

Cavitation in plant conduits only involves two processes of air bubbles: the gradual expansion and elongation, and the explosion event. An explosion event of cavitation, which can only occur in intact conduit at water tension, trigs acoustic (or ultrasound) emission and induces air to diffuse with high speed, simultaneously. Synchrotron X-ray phase contrast microscopy (XPCM) was used to capture cavitation event in intact conduits of leaves of corn and rice. Cavitation events occur in certain areas of leaves and have a certain time frame. Before XPCM experiment, several preliminary experiments were done as follows: 1) Paraffin sections of leaves of different species were observed to select samples and to determine the occurrence area of cavitation event of leaves. 2) The time frame of cavitation occurrence was determined by ultrasonic emission. 3) The water potentials of leaves were determined, to know the water state of the leaves during cavitation. Locked the area and time frame of cavitation event in the leaves, consecutive XPCM images of cavitation process were more easily acquired. The images show that the phenomenon of gas bubble fully filling conduits for an instant took place in intact conduits of detached leaves of corn and rice more easily. It is that the gas diffusing in a moment was caused by the explosion of the air seeds which had entered in the intact conduits of the leaves. For living plants, it is suggested that the explosion event of cavitation is the most important for embolism formation.

Three independent parameters to describe conventional triaxial compressive strength of intact rocks

The strengths of 12 rocks cited from literatures increase in a nonlinear way with increasing confining pressure against the Coulomb criterion. The criteria with power forms like the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion are not available for describing the strength properties in the whole test range for Indiana limestone, Yamaguchi marble and Vosges sandstone, of which the differential stresses are approximately constant at high confining pressures. The exponential criterion with three parameters fits the test data of those 12 rocks well with a low misfit. The three parameters are independent of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), the initial increasing rate of strength with confining pressure, and the limitation of differential stress.

Bayesian data analysis to quantify the uncertainty of intact rock strength

One of the main difficulties in the geotechnical design process lies in dealing with uncertainty. Uncertainty is associated with natural variation of properties, and the imprecision and unpredictability caused by insufficient information on parameters or models. Probabilistic methods are normally used to quantify uncertainty. However, the frequentist approach commonly used for this purpose has some drawbacks.First, it lacks a formal framework for incorporating knowledge not represented by data. Second, it has limitations in providing a proper measure of the confidence of parameters inferred from data. The Bayesian approach offers a better framework for treating uncertainty in geotechnical design. The advantages of the Bayesian approach for uncertainty quantification are highlighted in this paper with the Bayesian regression analysis of laboratory test data to infer the intact rock strength parameters σ_(ci) and m_i used in the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Two case examples are used to illustrate different aspects of the Bayesian methodology and to contrast the approach with a frequentist approach represented by the nonlinear least squares(NLLS) method. The paper discusses the use of a Student's t-distribution versus a normal distribution to handle outliers, the consideration of absolute versus relative residuals, and the comparison of quality of fitting results based on standard errors and Bayes factors. Uncertainty quantification with confidence and prediction intervals of the frequentist approach is compared with that based on scatter plots and bands of fitted envelopes of the Bayesian approach. Finally, the Bayesian method is extended to consider two improvements of the fitting analysis. The first is the case in which the Hoek-Brown parameter, a, is treated as a variable to improve the fitting in the triaxial region. The second is the incorporation of the uncertainty in the estimation of the direct tensile strength from Brazilian test results within the overall evaluation of the intact rock strength.

An approximate nonlinear modified Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion with critical state for intact rocks

In this paper, the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion is modified by mobilising the cohesion and internal friction angle with normal stress, in order to capture the nonlinearity and critical state concept for intact rocks reported in the literature. The mathematical expression for the strength is the same as the classical form, but the terms of cohesion and internal friction angle depend on the normal stress now,leading to a nonlinear relationship between the strength and normal stress. It covers both the tension and compression regions with different expressions for cohesion and internal friction angle. The strengths from the two regions join continuously at the transition of zero normal stress. The part in the compression region approximately satisfies the conditions of critical state, where the maximum shear strength is reached. Due to the nonlinearity, the classical simple relationship between the parameters of cohesion, internal friction angle and uniaxial compressive strength from the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion does not hold anymore. The equation for determining one of the three parameters in terms of the other two is supplied. This equation is nonlinear and thus a nonlinear equation solver is needed. For simplicity, the classical linear relationship is used as a local approximation. The approximate modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion has been implemented in a fracture mechanics based numerical code FRACOD,and an example case of deep tunnel failure is presented to demonstrate the difference between the original and modified Mohr-Coulomb criteria. It is shown that the nonlinear modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion predicts somewhat deeper and more intensive fracturing regions in the surrounding rock mass than the original linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. A more comprehensive piecewise nonlinear shear strength criterion is also included in Appendix B for those readers who are interested. It covers the tensile, compressive, brittle-ductile behaviour transition and the critical state, and gives smooth transitions.

Energy-limiting factor for coal and gas outburst occurrence in intact coal seam

This research reviewed the mechanics and gas desorption properties of intact coal,and tested the crushing work ratios of different intact coals,and then,studied the stress conditions for the failure or crushing of intact coal and the gas demand for the pulverization of intact coal particles.When a real-life outburst case is examined,the required minimum stress for intact coal outburst is estimated.The study concludes that the crushing work ratios of three intact coal samples vary from 294.3732 to 945.8048 J/m^(2).For the real-life case,more than 2300 MJ of transport work is needed,and 10062.09,7046.57 and 5895.47 m^(3) of gas is required when the gas pressure is 1,2 and 3 MPa,respectively.The crushing work exceeds the transport work and even reaches 13.96 times of the transport work.How to provide such an enormous crushing work is an energy-limiting factor for the outburst in intact coal.The strain energy is needed for the crushing work,and the required minimum stress is over 54.35 MPa,even reaching 300.44 MPa.These minimum stresses far exceed the in-situ vertical and horizontal stresses that can be provided at the 300–700 m mining depth range.

Optimized Mamdani fuzzy models for predicting the strength of intactrocks and anisotropic rock masses

Development of accurate and reliable models for predicting the strength of rocks and rock masses is one of the most common interests of geologists,civil and mining engineers and many others.Due to uncertainties in evaluation of effective parameters and also complicated nature of geological materials,it is difficult to estimate the strength precisely using theoretical approaches.On the other hand,intelligent approaches have attracted much attention as novel and effective tools of solving complicated problems in engineering practice over the past decades.In this paper,a new method is proposed for mining descriptive Mamdani fuzzy inference systems to predict the strength of intact rocks and anisotropic rock masses containing well-defined through-going joint.The proposed method initially employs a genetic algorithm(GA)to pick important rules from a preliminary rule base produced by grid partitioning and,subsequently,selected rules are given weights using the GA.Moreover,an information criterion is used during the first phase to optimize the models in terms of accuracy and complexity.The proposed hybrid method can be considered as a robust optimization task which produces promising results compared with previous approaches.

Feasibility study on the use of near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid and nondestructive determination of gossypol content in intact cottonseeds

Background:Gossypol found in cottonseeds is toxic to human beings and monogastric animals and is a primary parameter for the integrated utilization of cottonseed products.It is usually determined by the techniques relied on complex pretreatment procedures and the samples after determination cannot be used in the breeding program,so it is of great importance to predict the gossypol content in cottonseeds rapidly and nondestructively to substitute the traditional analytical method.Results:Gossypol content in cottonseeds was investigated by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Partial least squares regression,combined with spectral pretreatment methods including Savitzky-Golay smoothing,standard normal variate,multiplicative scatter correction,and first derivate were tested for optimizing the calibration models.NIRS technique was efficient in predicting gossypol content in intact cottonseeds,as revealed by the root-mean-square error of cross-validation(RMSECV),root-mean-square error of prediction(RMSEP),coefficient for determination of prediction(R_(p)^(2)),and residual predictive deviation(RPD)values for all models,being 0.05∼0.07,0.04∼0.06,0.82∼0.92,and 2.3∼3.4,respectively.The optimized model pretreated by Savitzky-Golay smoothing+standard normal variate+first derivate resulted in a good determination of gossypol content in intact cottonseeds.Conclusions:Near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with different spectral pretreatments and partial least squares(PLS)regression has exhibited the feasibility in predicting gossypol content in intact cottonseeds,rapidly and non destructively.It could be used as an alternative method to substitute for traditional one to determi ne the gossypol content in intact cottonseeds.

A RBPF Algorithm with Non-intact Particle Data for FastSLAM

RBPF( Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter) is a popular PF( Particle Filter) in decreasing the dimension of estimation problems and FastSLAM( Fast Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) is a RBPFbased algorithm. In FastSLAM,each particle carries a large amount of data which results in low computing efficiency and large memory space occupancy. To solve this problem,a RBPF algorithm with non-intact particle data is studied. The key idea is to differentiate the particle data. Through the screening of particles,the number of particles carrying individual map data is limited to reduce the data occupied space and speed up the computational efficiency. The simulation and experiment results have verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm. Compared with the original one,this proposed algorithm reduces time consumption by 18%-34% and considerably saves memory space.

Robotic Knee Tracking Control to Mimic the Intact Human Knee Profile Based on Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning

We address a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning(RL)control approach to automatically configure robotic pros-thesis impedance parameters to enable end-to-end,continuous locomotion intended for transfemoral amputee subjects.Specifically,our actor-critic based RL provides tracking control of a robotic knee prosthesis to mimic the intact knee profile.This is a significant advance from our previous RL based automatic tuning of prosthesis control parameters which have centered on regulation control with a designer prescribed robotic knee profile as the target.In addition to presenting the tracking control algorithm based on direct heuristic dynamic programming(dHDP),we provide a control performance guarantee including the case of constrained inputs.We show that our proposed tracking control possesses several important properties,such as weight convergence of the learning networks,Bellman(sub)optimality of the cost-to-go value function and control input,and practical stability of the human-robot system.We further provide a systematic simulation of the proposed tracking control using a realistic human-robot system simulator,the OpenSim,to emulate how the dHDP enables level ground walking,walking on different terrains and at different paces.These results show that our proposed dHDP based tracking control is not only theoretically suitable,but also practically useful.

Intact soft clay’s critical response to dynamic stress paths on different combinations of principal stress orientation

Comprehensive tests on Hangzhou intact soft clay were performed, which were used to obtain the soils' critical response to undrained dynamic stress paths under different combinations of principal stress orientation. The different combinations included cyclic principal stress rotation (CPSR for short), cyclic shear with abrupt change of principal stress orientation (CAPSO for short) and cyclic shear with fixed principal stress orientation (CFPSO for short). On one side, under all these stress paths, samples have obvious strain inflection points and shear bands, and the excess pore water pressure is far from the level of initial effective confining pressure at failure. Stress paths of major principal stress orientation (α) alternating from negative and positive have quite different influence on soil's properties with those in which α is kept negative or positive. On the other side, due to the soil's strongly initial anisotropy, samples under double-amplitudes CPSR and CAPSO (or single-amplitude CPSR and CFPSO) have similar properties on dynamic shear strength and pore water pressure development tendency when α is kept within ±45°, while have quite different properties when α oversteps ±45°.

KGmax Curves Associated With Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria for Different Types of Ships

Currently, second generation intact stability criteria are being developed and evaluated by the International Maritime Organization(IMO). In this paper, we briefly present levels 1 and 2 assessment methods for the criteria of pure loss of stability and parametric roll failure modes. Subsequently, we show the KG_(max) curves associated with these criteria. We compute these curves for five different types of ships and compare them with the curves embodied in the current regulations. The results show that the safety margin ensured by the first level-1 method of calculation for both pure loss of stability and parametric roll seems to be excessive in many cases. They also show that the KG_(max) given by the second level-1 method and by the level-2 method may be very similar. In some cases, the level-2 method can be more conservative than the second level-1 method, which is unanticipated by the future regulation. The KG_(max) curves associated with parametric roll confirm that the C11 container ship is vulnerable to this failure mode. The computation of the second check coefficient of parametric roll level 2(C2) for all possible values of KG reveals the existence of both authorized and restricted areas on the surface formed by both the draft and KG, which may replace the classical KG_(max) curves. In consequence, it is not sufficient to check that C2 is lower than the maximum authorized value(R_(PR0)) for a fixed ship's loading condition.

Evolution of macro-meso properties of intact loess under long-term seepage and its influence on irrigation-induced loess flowslides

The loess tableland provides an excellent site for people to live and cultivate.However,flowslides occur frequently on the slope of loess tablelands due to agriculture irrigation,resulting in serious economic losses and casualties.The structure degradation effect of irrigation water seepage on intact loess leads to a weakening of its mechanical properties,which may be responsible for the recurrent occurrence of flowslides in irrigated loess tablelands.In this paper,seepage tests and triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the evolution of the microstructure and undrained shear properties of intact loess during seepage.The results show that water seepage leads to a significant decrease in pore water ion concentration and migration of fine particles with water flow,but no noticeably change in mineral composition.During seepage,the metastable structure of intact loess collapses,the fine particles disperse around the skeleton particle to fill the pores,and the total porosity decreases.The permeability coefficient gradually decreases with seepage time and then tends to a constant.The saturated intact loess shows strongly contractive behavior during undrained shear and has considerable liquefaction potential.After seepage,the intact loess is characterized by more rapid build-up of pore water pressure and more intense strain-softening during shearing and has lower shear strength(including peak strength and steady-state strength).In irrigated loess tablelands,long-term seepage could weaken the shear strength of intact loess and increases its liquefaction potential,which contributes to the initiation of loess flowslide failure and the movement with high-speeds and long run-outs.

Innovative use of intact seeds of Mucuna monosperma Wight for improved yield of L-DOPA

The drug L-DOPA has been widely used against Parkinson's disease and is extracted from plants.Due to the increasing demand of this drug,new plant sources need to be discovered in addition to the existing sources.The paper embodies results on Mucuna monosperma,which can be a promising candidate for L-DOPA.The seed powder of this plant contains 5.48%of(dry weight)the drug and when the seeds were soaked in distilled water,content was increased to 6.58%.Different elicitors when added,enhanced the drug level in seed up to 11.8%.The possible rationale behind this increase was confirmed by increase in tyrosinase activity in the seeds.Presence of L-DOPA was confirmed using various analytical techniques as HPLC,HPTLC and NMR.The work demonstrates a potential candidate plant as a source for L-DOPA when a novel method was adopted as described here.

Management of ductal spasm in a neonate with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum during cardiac catheterization:A case report

BACKGROUND Ductal spasm is a rare but life-threatening complication of cardiac catheterization in neonates with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum.In patients with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow,ductal spasm may lead to refractory hypoxemia and severe hemodynamic instability,which need to be treated in perfect order.CASE SUMMARY We present a male infant with a gestational age of 39 wk,and his fetal echocardiography showed pulmonary atresia.At 28 d of age,transcatheter pulmonary valvuloplasty with balloon dilatation was performed.Two hours after the operation,the patient's pulse oxygen saturation continued to decrease.The patient was then transferred to receive cardiac catheterization.During catheterization,the invasive blood pressure and pulse oxygen saturation suddenly decreased,and repeated aortography revealed partial occlusion of the ductus arteriosus.It no longer changed when pulse oxygen saturation rose to 51%after approximately 20 min of maintenance therapy.Therefore,a ductal stent was used for implantation.Hemodynamics and hypoxemia were improved.CONCLUSION We should know that ductal spasm may occur during pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum cardiac catheterization.Understand the pathophysiology of ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow and make comprehensive perioperative preparations essential to deal with hemodynamic disorders caused by ductal spasm.

Feeding Reduces Serum Concentration of Endogenous Bioactive (1-84), but Not Total Intact Parathyroid Hormone in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

Background: Interpretation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements requires an understanding of its structural conformation. PTH reflects calcium intake and vitamin D status but is commonly measured in the fasted state using 2nd generation assays, known to cross-react with PTH 7-84 fragments, which is not observed with 3rd generation assays. The objective was to determine if plasma PTH in the fed and non-fed state differ while controlling for diurnal rhythm and the generation of PTH assay. Methods: Blood was sampled, 2 d apart, from Sprague-Dawley rats (30 males and 30 females) in both fed and non-fed states at 20 wk of age (weight: 470.2 ± 23.2 g) for measurement of ionized calcium (iCa), total intact (INT) and bioactive 1-84 (BIO) PTH. Differences between groups were tested using a GLIMMIX model with sex and feeding state as fixed effects and individual rats as a random effect. Results: Females had a lower iCa than males (F: 1.43 ± 0.01 vs M: 1.46 ± 0.01 mmol/L, P = 0.03). In males and females, there was no difference between fed and non-fed groups when PTH was assessed using the INT PTH assay (M Fed: 21.6 ± 1.3 vs M Non-fed: 22.6 ± 2.3 pmol/L, P = 0.59;F Fed: 19.3 ± 1.5 vs F Non-fed: 22.8 ± 2.9 pmol/L, P = 0.39). However, in females only, PTH measured using the BIO PTH, was significantly lower in the fed group versus the non-fed (Fed: 8.4 ± 0.8 vs Non-fed: 16.7 ± 3.4 pmol/L, P = 0.05). Conclusions:

Arrhythmic Risk in Paediatric Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair for Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum

Introduction:While previous studies only focused on the arrhythmic risk associated with specific correction strategies,this study evaluates this risk in a large cohort of paediatric patients with all phenotypes of PA-IVS after surgical repair.Methods:In this single centre observational cohort study,we retrospectively evaluated 165 patients with a diagnosis of PA-IVS and we excluded those with an exclusively percutaneous treatment,patients lost or with insufficient follow-up and those affected by other arrhythmic syndromes.Surgical history and clinical outcomes were reviewed.Results:86 patients were included in the study(54 male[62.8%],mean age 16.4±6.1 years),with median follow-up from definitive repair of 12.8 years(6.4–18.9 years).They underwent three different final repairs:23 patients(26.7%)univentricular palliation,43(50%)biventricular correction,and 20(23.3%)one and a half ventricle correction.Thirteen patients(15%)developed arrhythmia:6 patients(all the subgroups)sinus node disfunction(SND);2(biventricular repair)premature ventricular complexes;2(one and a half ventricle repair)non-sustained ventricular tachycardia;1(biventricular repair)intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia;1(one and a half ventricle repair)supraventricular tachyarrhythmia;1(biventricular repair)atrial fibrillation.Three patients with SND needed a pacemaker implantation.Only Fontan circulation showed an association with SND,while the other two groups heterogeneous types of arrhythmias.Conclusions:The low arrhythmic risk is related to surgical repair,it does not appear to be associated with native cardiomyopathy,and it appears to increase with length of follow up.Continuous follow-up in specialized centres is necessary to make an early diagnosis and to manage the potential haemodynamic impact at medium-long term.

Group B Streptococcal Chorioamnionitis with Intact Amniotic Membranes. A Rare?

Group B streptococcus infection (GBS) is an important cause of perinatal infection. Maternal colonization by GBS can cause amniotic infection and thus fetal infection, sometimes causing fetal death. This infection generally occurs in association with premature rupture of membranes. We present here an infrequent case of GBS chorioamnionitis in full-term gestation with intact amniotic membranes. The curiosity of the case lies in the integrity of the amniotic membranes, the asymptomatic clinical presentation, and the adverse result (term fetal death).

Valvuloplasty of fetal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right heart: Mid-term follow-up results

Objective:This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the results of mid-term follow-up after fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty(FPV)in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(PA/IVS).Methods:From August 31,2018,to May 31,2019,seven fetuses with PA/IVS and hypoplastic right heart were included in this study.All underwent echocardiography by the same specialist and were operated on by the same team.Intervention and echocardiography data were collected,and changes in the associated indices noted during follow-up were analyzed.Results:All seven fetuses successfully underwent FPV.The median gestational age at FPV was 27.54 weeks.The average FPV procedural time was 6 min.Persistent bradycardia requiring treatment occurred in 4/7 procedures.Finally,five pregnancies were successfully delivered,and the other two were aborted.Compared to data before fetal cardiac interventions(FCI),tricuspid valve annulus diameter/mitral valve annulus diameter(TV/MV)and right ventricle diameter/left ventricle diameter(RV/LV)of all fetuses had progressively improved.The maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity decreased from 4.60 m/s to 3.64 m/s.The average follow-up time was 30.40±2.05 months.During the follow-up period,the diameter of the tricuspid valve ring in five children continued to improve,and the development rate of the tricuspid valve was relatively obvious from 6 months to 1 year after birth.However,the development of the right ventricle after birth was relatively slow.It was discovered that there were individual variations in the development of the right ventricle during follow-up.Conclusion:The findings support the potential for the development of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve in fetuses with PA/IVS who underwent FCI.Development of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve does not occur synchronously during pregnancy.The right ventricle develops rapidly in utero,but the development of tricuspid valve is more apparent after birth than in utero.