The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although ...The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.展开更多
This paper develops a parallel hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV)propor-tional integral controller with driving cycle.To improve fuel efficiency and reduce hazardous emissions in hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)combine an ele...This paper develops a parallel hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV)propor-tional integral controller with driving cycle.To improve fuel efficiency and reduce hazardous emissions in hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)combine an electric motor(EM),a battery and an internal combustion engine(ICE).The electric motor assists the engine when accelerating,driving longer highways or climbing hills.This enables the use of a smaller,more efficient engine.It also makes use of the concept of regenerative braking to maximize energy efficiency.In a Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV),energy dissipated while braking is utilized to charge the battery.The proportional integral controller was used in this paper to analyze engine,motor performance and the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC)was used in the vehicle driving test using Matlab/Simulink.The proportional integral controllers were designed to track the desired vehicle speed and manage the vehi-cle’s energyflow.The Sea Lion Optimization(SLnO)methods were created to reduce fuel consumption in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle and the results were obtained for the New European Driving Cycle.展开更多
To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed control system used for driving and steering of an electric scooter,a model of differential steering was developed.The function of electronic differenti...To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed control system used for driving and steering of an electric scooter,a model of differential steering was developed.The function of electronic differential steering was realized by controlling the speed of right or left wheel and the corresponding speed difference.The control system was simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK and ADAMS.It is found that the motor load torque is proportional to the tire vertical force,so the adhesive capacity is met.The electric scooter can operate stably on the slope road at a speed of more than 1.5m/s and turn stably at yawing velocities of 10°and 90°per second.展开更多
Electic vehicles(EVs)show great potential to cope with the intermittency of renewable energy sources(RES)and provide demand side flexibility required by the smart grid.Furthermore,EVs will increase the electricity con...Electic vehicles(EVs)show great potential to cope with the intermittency of renewable energy sources(RES)and provide demand side flexibility required by the smart grid.Furthermore,EVs will increase the electricity consumption.Large scale integration of EVs will probably have substantial impacts on power systems.This paper presents a methodology to transform driving behavior of person into one of the cars in order to analyze the driving pattern of EVs based on the National Travel Surveys.In the proposed methodology,a statistical process is used to obtain the driving behavior of cars by grouping the survey respondents according to the driving license number and car number,and mapping the households with similar characteristics.The proposed methodology was used to carry out the driving pattern analysis in the Nordic region.The detailed driving requirements and charging/discharging availability of vehicles along the day were obtained.Two types of EV availabilities were studied in this paper considering different charging/discharging conditions of EVs for the power system integration,i.e.EV availability all day and EV availability at home.The results show that the daily driving requirements of the Nordic region are not very intensive.The driving patterns of vehicles in the Nordic region vary on weekdays and weekends.The two types of EV availabilities are quite different from each other.展开更多
文摘The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.
文摘This paper develops a parallel hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV)propor-tional integral controller with driving cycle.To improve fuel efficiency and reduce hazardous emissions in hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)combine an electric motor(EM),a battery and an internal combustion engine(ICE).The electric motor assists the engine when accelerating,driving longer highways or climbing hills.This enables the use of a smaller,more efficient engine.It also makes use of the concept of regenerative braking to maximize energy efficiency.In a Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV),energy dissipated while braking is utilized to charge the battery.The proportional integral controller was used in this paper to analyze engine,motor performance and the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC)was used in the vehicle driving test using Matlab/Simulink.The proportional integral controllers were designed to track the desired vehicle speed and manage the vehi-cle’s energyflow.The Sea Lion Optimization(SLnO)methods were created to reduce fuel consumption in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle and the results were obtained for the New European Driving Cycle.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Project of Chongqing (CSTC2009AC6051)
文摘To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed control system used for driving and steering of an electric scooter,a model of differential steering was developed.The function of electronic differential steering was realized by controlling the speed of right or left wheel and the corresponding speed difference.The control system was simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK and ADAMS.It is found that the motor load torque is proportional to the tire vertical force,so the adhesive capacity is met.The electric scooter can operate stably on the slope road at a speed of more than 1.5m/s and turn stably at yawing velocities of 10°and 90°per second.
基金This work is supported by the Nordic Energy Research(Norden)under the Project‘Nordic Power Road Map 2050:Strategic choices towards carbon neutrality(NORSTRA)’.
文摘Electic vehicles(EVs)show great potential to cope with the intermittency of renewable energy sources(RES)and provide demand side flexibility required by the smart grid.Furthermore,EVs will increase the electricity consumption.Large scale integration of EVs will probably have substantial impacts on power systems.This paper presents a methodology to transform driving behavior of person into one of the cars in order to analyze the driving pattern of EVs based on the National Travel Surveys.In the proposed methodology,a statistical process is used to obtain the driving behavior of cars by grouping the survey respondents according to the driving license number and car number,and mapping the households with similar characteristics.The proposed methodology was used to carry out the driving pattern analysis in the Nordic region.The detailed driving requirements and charging/discharging availability of vehicles along the day were obtained.Two types of EV availabilities were studied in this paper considering different charging/discharging conditions of EVs for the power system integration,i.e.EV availability all day and EV availability at home.The results show that the daily driving requirements of the Nordic region are not very intensive.The driving patterns of vehicles in the Nordic region vary on weekdays and weekends.The two types of EV availabilities are quite different from each other.
