Exploring the Application Effect of Flipped Classroom Combined with Problem-Based Learning Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Teaching of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.

Research on the development methodology for clinical practice guidelines for organic integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine

Integrated traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine(WM)is a new medical science grounded in the knowledge bases of both TCM and WM,which then forms a unique modern medical system in China.Integrated TCM and WM has a long history in China,and has made important achievements in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment.However,the methodological defects in currently published clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)limit its development.The organic integration of TCM and WM is a deeper integration of TCM and WM.To realize the progression of"integration"to"organic integration",a targeted and standardized guideline development methodology is needed.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to establish a standardized development procedure for clinical practice guidelines for the organic integration of TCM and WM to promote the systematic integration of TCM and WM research results into clinical practice guidelines in order to achieve optimal results as the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

Organic Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicines—Future of Clinical Practice Guidelines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicines

The transformation and implementation of clinical practice guidelines for integrated traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine(WM)is crucial to the adoption of medical science and technological findings and is an important way for TCM to be made available to the world.First,clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)of TCM and WM integration in recent years was analyzed to clarify the current situation and problems in the existing guidelines according to the following four perspectives:(1)perspective of TCM and WM integration in guidelines,(2)diagnosis Using integrated TCM and WM,(3)integration of TCM and WM treatment,(4)promoting TCM and WM integration.Secondly,the information and quality evaluation of CPGs for integrated Chinese and Western medicine in 2020–2022 were analyzed to explore the degree and methods of integration of Chinese and Western medicine guidelines.And last this study aimed to lay a foundation for the further establishment of Chinese characteristic,repeatable,and calculable clinical practice guidelines of TCM and WM integration.

Meta-analysis of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Treating H Type Hypertension

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical emcacy of integration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and we stern medicine, and the western medicine therapy for H type hypertension. Methods: The randomized contmlled trials were collected via searching the internet. The literatures were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the assignments were performed by two researchers. If there was disagreement between the two researchers, we would ask evidence based medicine expert for advice, to get an optimal result. The database included the ChianInfo (1978—2015), the Superstar database (1955—2017), the CBM(1985—2017), CNKI(1984—2017), PubMed(1966—2017). Accordingto Meta analysis, the RevMan 5.2 software was used to recover and analyze the literatures, and make the assessment of the integration of TCM and westem medicine in treating H Type Hypertension. Results: In the study, 12 trials were included. The total number of cases is 1139. The Meta analysis results showed that: Compared with western medicine the integration of TCM and western medicine would improve the antihypertensive efficacy [OR=0.39, 95%CI (0.25, 0.59), Z=4.38(P< 0.0001)],lower Hcy levels [WMD=-1.93, 95%CI (-2.27, 0.21), Z=4.38 (P< 0.0001)]. Conclusion: The combination therapy can effectively reduce Hcy levels, control blood pressure, better than Western medicine.

Therapeutic Evaluation on Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Treated by Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine──Clinical Analysis of 56 Cases

Objective: In comparison with chemotherapy, to evaluate therapeutic effects on advanced pancreatic cancer treated by integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) therapies. Methods: Based on the retrospective study of 56 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, life table was applied to the analysis of patients' survival rate and Xz test to the comparison of therapeutic response between ICWM and chemotherapy groups. Results: The results showed that 1-year survival rate in the ICWM group was 55. 37%±3.24%; 2-year survival rate 34. 61%±16. 31%; 3-year survival rate 25. 96%±24. 64%; 5-year survival rate 25. 96%±24.64%; and median survival period 16. 3 months. However 1-year survival rate in the chemotherapy group was 21. 95%±27. 54% ; 2-year survival rate 7. 31%±27. 54% ; 3-year survival rate 0 % ; and median survival period 7. 5 months. The therapeutic effects between two groups were significantly different (P=0. 004). Further analysis suggested that the reduction of cancer mass in the ICWM group was more than that in chemotherapy group (P=0.049) and the improvement of advanced pancreatic cancer related-symptoms better than that of chemotherapy group (P = 0. 002). Conclusion: The ICWM comprehensive therapy is of important value in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.

Progress in clinical research on the integration of Chinese and Western medicines for treating primary liver cancer

Primary liver cancer(PLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. PLC is characterized by insidious onset, rapid progress, poor quality of life, and short survival time. Notably, current treatment strategies remain unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) have been used to treat a variety of diseases, including liver diseases, for more than 2000 years. In this study, we performed a review of the use frequency and clinical efficacy of TCM in treating PLC. Relevant literature from January 1, 2009, to January 1, 2021 was retrieved from network databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Chongqing VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, and SinoMed. The most frequently used TCM and their efficacy in PLC treatment were summarized. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were selected. Overall, the efficacy of the combination of TCM and Western medicines in the treatment of PLC was higher than that in the control groups(i.e. treatment with Western medicines alone)(65.11% vs.44.31%, P <.05). Among the 33 selected articles, 11 were investigated for TCM preparation(marketed drugs) and 22 for TCM formulas. In total, 102 types of TCM(single herbs) were used to treat PLC. The top five most frequently used TCM were Poria(14.71%), Astragali radix(13.73%), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(12.75%), Bupleuri radix(12.75%), and Glycyrrhizae radix et Rhizoma(11.76%). Of the 102 types of TCM, tonics were the most frequently used categories, followed by heat-clearing medicines, blood-invigorating medicines, and stasis-resolving medicines. Of 207 papers, 174(84.06%) could not be subjected to statistical analysis due to research quality. Further high-quality research on herb sources, formula components and dosage, toxicology, and ethics of TCM is necessary. In conclusion, TCM play a promising role in the treatment and management of PLC, although further investigations are warranted.

Application of evidence-based medicine methods in integrative oncology research

To present the advances of evidence-based medicine and clinical research methodology in integrative oncology,we conducted a literature review of real-world studies of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in cancer care and summarized the available evidence.Pragmatic randomized controlled trials(pRCTs)and clinical registry studies are becoming more popular as they could compensate for the limitations of RCTs.Many RCTs of TCM for cancer treatment as well as systematic reviews have been published.The most investigated therapies are based on acupuncture,Chinese herbal compounds,and Chinese patent medicines.Acupuncture has a significant advantage in relieving cancer-related symptoms.Published studies focus more on improving clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators.However,the patient's quality of life deserves more attention.

Hi-INCNS模式在神经重症进修医师继续教育中的探索与实践

近年来神经重症医学发展迅速,进修学习是临床医师接受继续教育、提高临床水平的重要途径。建立一套规范化神经重症进修医师继续教育模式,对提升神经重症医师专业技能及临床实践能力尤为重要。西京医院神经内科重症监护室在20余年的教学实践中归纳总结形成了“人文关怀-整合医学-感染-营养-意识-神经专科技能-系统通用技能”(humanistic care-integral medicineinfection-nutrition-consciousness-neurological skills-system general skills,Hi-INCNS)特色鲜明的继续教育模式,该模式对提高进修医师人文关怀理念、强化整合医学知识体系、夯实神经重症临床技能提供了理论和实践依据。

PBL联合Mini-CEX教学方式在中医内科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨基于问题学习(problem-based learning,PBL)联合迷你临床评估演练(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)教学方式在中医内科住院医师规范化培训(以下简称住培)中的应用效果。方法选择浙江省杭州市中医院中医内科2019级和2020级71名住培学员为研究对象。采用试验对照方法,将2020级33名住培学员设为试验组,采用PBL联合Mini-CEX联合教学方式;将2019级38名住培学员设为对照组,采用Mini-CEX教学方式。经过3年住培后,通过比较两组住培学员各科出科考试成绩,以及住培结业考试中的临床技能、辅助判读、理论知识考试成绩来评价2种教学方式的应用效果。结果试验组住培学员的病史采集和病历书写出科考试成绩,住培结业考试临床技能部分中的病史采集、病例分析、中药辨识、临床操作成绩和理论知识部分考试成绩,以及住培结业考试通过率均高于对照组住培学员,其差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在中医内科住培中应用PBL联合Mini-CEX教学方式,有助于提高住培学员临床胜任力和住培结业考试通过率。

Practice and principle of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China.The integration of Chinese and Western medicine is an important feature of Chinese COVID-19 prevention and treatment.According to a series of evidence-based studies,TCM can reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in high-risk groups.For patients with mild and moderate forms of COVID-19,TCM can relieve the related signs and symptoms,shorten the period of nucleic-acid negative conversion,and reduce conversion rate to the severe form of the disease.For COVID-19 patients with severe and critical illnesses,TCM can improve inflammatory indicators and blood oxygen saturation,shorten the hospital stay,and reduce the mortality rate.During recovery,TCM can improve patients’symptoms,promote organ function recovery,boost the quality of patients’life,and reduce the nucleic-acid repositive conversion rate.A series of mechanism research studies revealed that capability of TCM to treat COVID-19 through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects,immune regulation,and protection of organ function via a multicomponent,multitarget,and multipathway approach.

Clinical Study of Sudden Desfness Treated with IntegratedTraditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Objective: To explore the mechanisms of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM-WM) in treating sudden deafness. Methods: One hundred and forty-six patients suffered from sudden deafness were divided into two groups, 64 cases in the treated group were treated with TCM-WM therapy and the other 82 cases treated with western medicine alone for control. Results: The total effective rate of the treated group was 92. 19 %, that of the control group was 75. 61 %. The difference between the two groups was significant, P < 0. 01. Conclusion: The TCM-WM therapy is very effective in treating sudden deafness. Its mechanism might be: (1) Decrease of the blood viscosity and increase of the red blood cell's tenacity, so that the blood stream could pass through unimpededly. (2) Decrease of the plasma TXA2 level and increase of the PGI2 level,to benefit the blood supply for inner ear. (3) Increase of the activity of SOD and clearing away the free radicals so as to reduce the damage to the inner ear.

中医经典实践技能实训教学模式探索

中医经典著作是中医学思想精华的集中呈现和整体学术发展的基石。在教学实践中针对首都医科大学中医学专业本科生经典教学过程中存在的问题,开设了中医经典实践技能实训创新课程,通过构建虚拟仿真平台、运用PBL教学、模拟标准患者诊疗等,线上线下多种教学方法并举开展教学,旨在培养学生中医思维,提高学生临床辨证综合能力、拓展临床思路。

提升青年教师中西医结合临床教学能力的探索

目前国家对高校中西医结合型人才的培养、中西医结合教学质量提高非常重视,已经把发展中西医结合事业的重要性提升到了国家战略层面。有关通过有效途径和方法提升中医药院校青年教师中西医结合临床教学能力的需求十分迫切。文章将从中西医结合教育教学基本现状,青年教师临床教学存在的基本问题,帮助青年教师把握好教育方向、加强思政教育,加快中西医结合青年教师队伍建设,提高青年教师中西医结合基本理论和临床技能水平,把握好课堂教学、提升教学质量,善于理论与实践相结合7个方面来探索提升青年教师中西医结合临床教学能力的方法及途径。

提高中医住院医师针灸技能的临床带教模式探索

目的在中医住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)大纲中要求所有住院医师均要到针灸科进行轮转学习,如何提高住院医师尤其是非针灸科住院医师在针灸科的培养质量,提高他们对针灸基本技术的兴趣和掌握程度,湖南中医药大学第一附属医院进行了积极的实践与探索。方法根据国家、省内文件精神,结合该院实际,从加强层级管理、强化师资建设、重视入科宣教、完善教学计划和注重全程考核等方面进行施教与管理。结果该院针灸推拿康复科住培通过构建管理-师资-培训-考核综合模式,全面提升住培质量,效果显著。结论积极探索有效的临床带教模式,有利于提升住培质量,对于提高中医住院医师针灸技能具有重要意义。

在综合医院中医规培中加强中医经典教学的探索

中医住院医师规范化培训(以下简称“规培”)是中国住院知师培训的重要组成部分,同时也是医教协同深化中医学人才培养改革的关键环节,更是加强中医临床人才队伍建设的有效途径和加快构建具有中国特色医学人才培养体系的重要举措。中医经典理论是中医学术的灵魂,是数千年来中医实践的经验结晶,是培养中医临床思维,提升中医临床技能的重要途径。此文分析综合医院中医规培教学中经典教学的不足,提出相应对策,探讨加强中医规培经典教学、培养学员中医临床思维的方法。

“三元融合”模式教学对临床中医医师能力培养的效果评价

目的 探讨戴明环(plan do check action,PDCA)循环管理模式与迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)联合操作技能直接观察评估(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)相结合的“三元融合”教学模式在医学生临床能力培训与考核中的价值。方法 选取安徽中医药大学第一附属医院2021年6—12月60名心血管内科培养住院医师为研究对象,将学员分为对照组、观察组,各30名。对照组采用传统教学方法,观察组采用“三元融合”教学法,培训后对教学效果和满意度问卷调查进行对比分析。结果 采用“三元融合”教学法观察组的问诊技巧、心脏检查、临床判断、沟通交流、整体评价、评价总分和满意度问卷调查结果均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 “三元融合”的教学模式应用于临床教学,有利于提高学员的综合临床能力、临床思维能力以及操作技能水平,在心血管内科临床教学中具有较高应用价值。

脊髓损伤中西医结合康复临床实践指南

脊髓损伤(SCI)是指因脊髓损伤暂时或永久地导致脊髓功能异常的破坏性神经病理状态,可导致运动、感觉和自主神经功能障碍。基于循证医学原则制定SCI中西医结合康复临床实践指南可为临床医生提供一个全面、规范的治疗与康复框架。本指南从技术范围、规范性引用文件、术语及定义、SCI分类与临床诊断、康复评定、康复诊疗方案和常见并发症处理等方面进行规范制定,形成了科学、规范、统一的操作指南。其中康复评定主要包括感觉检查、运动检查、运动或感觉功能评级、生活质量评定、功能评定和心理功能评定(应激状态评估、认知功能评估、情绪状态评估);康复诊疗方案主要包括早期处理原则、药物治疗、物理治疗(肌力训练、平衡步态训练、有氧运动、电刺激和其他疗法)、作业治疗(关节活动度训练、日常生活活动训练、静息运动技能训练、上肢功能训练和轮椅技能训练等)、辅助器具、中药治疗[单药治疗(川芎嗪、丹参注射液、炙马钱子等)、复方治疗(丹参川芎嗪注射液、补阳还五汤、活血通督汤、二仙汤、益气活血汤和自拟汤药等)]、针灸治疗和其他治疗(新药治疗、细胞疗法、神经调节技术和脑脊接口技术);常见的并发症包括自主神经反射亢进、深静脉血栓、异位骨化、直立性低血压、压疮和尿路感染。本指南可为我国各级各类康复机构以及各级中医医院或综合医院的中医骨伤科、中西医结合骨科、针灸科、推拿科和康复医学科开展SCI临床诊断、康复评定、康复治疗和常见并发症处理提供指导,具有良好的临床适用性、安全性及有效性。

基于中医临床药师规范化培训模式的中药师能力提升路径探索

在新医改的大环境下,药学服务逐渐由以药品为中心转向了以患者为中心的模式,其中药师面临了越来越严峻的转型挑战。为保障中药临床合理用药,促进中药临床药学的发展,2016年起上海开展了中医临床药师在职规范化培训工作。此文通过总结上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院的中医临床药师培训教学模式,优化中医临床药师培养方案,着重突出培养中医临床药师的中医药临床思维、药学服务能力等,从而探索中医临床药师能力提升路径,为中医临床药师人才培养模式提供参考。