This paper discusses the application of Integrated Design Process for the design of low-cost housing in Chile.It aims to question common practice for the development of housing based on prescriptive regulations and no...This paper discusses the application of Integrated Design Process for the design of low-cost housing in Chile.It aims to question common practice for the development of housing based on prescriptive regulations and non-interdisciplinary work,which has resulted in poor quality building requirements.The first stage consisted in defining performance requirements for aspects such as energy demand,U value,air tightness and indoor air quality for a specific case of low-cost houses located in the city of Temuco.An integrated design process was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of professionals specialized in each of the performance aspects that were taken into account.The construction and post-occupancy stages were characterized by verifying the performance requirements,which resulted in a low-cost house prototype that included strategies for energy efficiency and a healthy indoor environment.展开更多
Building owners,designers and constructors are seeing a rapid increase in the number of sustainably designed high performance buildings.These buildings provide numerous benefits to the owners and occupants to include ...Building owners,designers and constructors are seeing a rapid increase in the number of sustainably designed high performance buildings.These buildings provide numerous benefits to the owners and occupants to include improved indoor air quality,energy efficiency,and environmental site standards;and ultimately enhance productivity for the building occupants.As the demand increases for higher building energy efficiency and environmental standards,application of a set of process models will support consistency and optimization during the design process.Systems engineering process models have proven effective in taking an integrated and comprehensive view of a system while allowing for clear stakeholder engagement,requirements definition,life cycle analysis,technology insertion,validation and verification.This paper overlays systems engineering on the sustainable design process by providing a framework for application of the Waterfall,Vee,and Spiral process models to high performance buildings.Each process model is mapped to the sustainable design process and is evaluated for its applicability to projects and building types.Adaptations of the models are provided as Green Building Process Models.展开更多
This paper presents design considerations for an integrated design of solar commu-nities highlighting the interactive nature of various design parameters to improve the energy performance of these neighborhoods.These ...This paper presents design considerations for an integrated design of solar commu-nities highlighting the interactive nature of various design parameters to improve the energy performance of these neighborhoods.These considerations are illus-trated through practical design examples of different neighborhood scenarios and individual buildings,based on extensive studies and analysis of energy performance of a wide spectrum of buildings and neighborhoods.The examples fall under two general categories-design at the neighborhood level,and design at the individ-ual building level.Neighborhood design is illustrated by examples of homogeneous residential neighborhoods consisting of 2-storied housing units and of a mixed-rise neighborhood.Design of individual buildings focuses primarily on design of the envelope-consisting of roof and façades-for maximizing energy generation poten-tial,as a function of height and relative position to adjacent buildings.In addition to examples of application of the design considerations,the paper outlines the process of design of solar communities and the role of simulations in the design process.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONA Current green building practice has been largely advanced by an integrated design process.This integrated design process involves multiple disciplines,such as archi-tecture,civil,mechanical,and electrica...INTRODUCTIONA Current green building practice has been largely advanced by an integrated design process.This integrated design process involves multiple disciplines,such as archi-tecture,civil,mechanical,and electrical engineering.The design method heavily relies on utilizing building performance simulation to illustrate how design param-eters affect the energy consumption and quality of the indoor environment before actual design decisions are made(Anderson,2014).The architectural design tools in the integrated design process supersede traditional geometrical exploration instruments,such as Sketchup,Revit,ArchiCad,and Rhino(Negendahl,2015).More building performance simulating tools,such as Ecotect,Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),Radiance,and EnergyPlus,have been developed to help architects measure building performance(e.g.,natural ventilation,daylighting,solar radiation,and energy uses)in the design process and attain green building standards such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED).The information presented by these tools guide architects at a certain level in achieving green building goals.展开更多
The trend towards affordable, green housing highlights the need for a Green Affordable Housing (GAH) model that produces durable dwellings that are not significantly more expensive to build, cheaper to operate, health...The trend towards affordable, green housing highlights the need for a Green Affordable Housing (GAH) model that produces durable dwellings that are not significantly more expensive to build, cheaper to operate, healthier for their occupants, and more environmentally sound. The model should also reduce the risk of poverty for those with low and moderate incomes, be close to public transportation, and support a neighborhood that is healthy, walkable and connected to the broader community and natural environment. This case study utilized detailed interviews with occupants, town officials, a developer, and a design builder to explore how green building strategies could be applied in real-world communities with the help of a Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and contributions from other funding bodies. Focusing on the Roanoke and Lee Street housing project in Blacksburg, Virginia (VA), this study demonstrated how green building strategies can be integrated into affordable housing with help from public programs and incentives to provide houses that are more durable, no more expensive to build, cheaper to operate, healthier, more environmentally sound and less risky for their occupants. The new framework includes ways to deal with neighborhood issues such as the deterioration of housing stock and infrastructure to support the creation of a vital and healthy neighborhood with improved public services and community spirit, as well as providing an integrated design process framework that enables stakeholders to work together to achieve the goal of building green and affordable housing.展开更多
In this work,the impact of internal heat integration upon process dynamics and controllability by superposing reactive section onto stripping section,relocating feed locations,and redistributing catalyst within the re...In this work,the impact of internal heat integration upon process dynamics and controllability by superposing reactive section onto stripping section,relocating feed locations,and redistributing catalyst within the reactive section is explored based on a hypothetical ideal reactive distillation system containing an exothermic reaction:A + BC + D.Steady state operation analysis and closed-loop controllability evaluation are carried out by comparing the process designs with and without the consideration of internal heat integration.For superposing reactive section onto stripping section,favorable effect is aroused due to its low sensitivities to the changes in operating condition.For ascending the lower feed stage,somewhat detrimental effect occurs because of the accompanied adverse internal heat integration and strong sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.For descending the upper feed stage,serious detrimental effect happens because of the introduced adverse internal heat integration and strong sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.For redistributing catalyst in the reactive section,fairly small negative influence is aroused by the sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.When reinforcing internal heat integration with a combinatorial use of these three strategies,the decent of the upper feed stage should be avoided in process development.Although the conclusions are derived based on the hypothetical ideal reactive distillation column studied,they are considered to be of general significance to the design and operation of other reactive distillation columns.展开更多
基金the dissemination of this work have been supported by CONICYT project MEL 81100003.
文摘This paper discusses the application of Integrated Design Process for the design of low-cost housing in Chile.It aims to question common practice for the development of housing based on prescriptive regulations and non-interdisciplinary work,which has resulted in poor quality building requirements.The first stage consisted in defining performance requirements for aspects such as energy demand,U value,air tightness and indoor air quality for a specific case of low-cost houses located in the city of Temuco.An integrated design process was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of professionals specialized in each of the performance aspects that were taken into account.The construction and post-occupancy stages were characterized by verifying the performance requirements,which resulted in a low-cost house prototype that included strategies for energy efficiency and a healthy indoor environment.
文摘Building owners,designers and constructors are seeing a rapid increase in the number of sustainably designed high performance buildings.These buildings provide numerous benefits to the owners and occupants to include improved indoor air quality,energy efficiency,and environmental site standards;and ultimately enhance productivity for the building occupants.As the demand increases for higher building energy efficiency and environmental standards,application of a set of process models will support consistency and optimization during the design process.Systems engineering process models have proven effective in taking an integrated and comprehensive view of a system while allowing for clear stakeholder engagement,requirements definition,life cycle analysis,technology insertion,validation and verification.This paper overlays systems engineering on the sustainable design process by providing a framework for application of the Waterfall,Vee,and Spiral process models to high performance buildings.Each process model is mapped to the sustainable design process and is evaluated for its applicability to projects and building types.Adaptations of the models are provided as Green Building Process Models.
文摘This paper presents design considerations for an integrated design of solar commu-nities highlighting the interactive nature of various design parameters to improve the energy performance of these neighborhoods.These considerations are illus-trated through practical design examples of different neighborhood scenarios and individual buildings,based on extensive studies and analysis of energy performance of a wide spectrum of buildings and neighborhoods.The examples fall under two general categories-design at the neighborhood level,and design at the individ-ual building level.Neighborhood design is illustrated by examples of homogeneous residential neighborhoods consisting of 2-storied housing units and of a mixed-rise neighborhood.Design of individual buildings focuses primarily on design of the envelope-consisting of roof and façades-for maximizing energy generation poten-tial,as a function of height and relative position to adjacent buildings.In addition to examples of application of the design considerations,the paper outlines the process of design of solar communities and the role of simulations in the design process.
文摘INTRODUCTIONA Current green building practice has been largely advanced by an integrated design process.This integrated design process involves multiple disciplines,such as archi-tecture,civil,mechanical,and electrical engineering.The design method heavily relies on utilizing building performance simulation to illustrate how design param-eters affect the energy consumption and quality of the indoor environment before actual design decisions are made(Anderson,2014).The architectural design tools in the integrated design process supersede traditional geometrical exploration instruments,such as Sketchup,Revit,ArchiCad,and Rhino(Negendahl,2015).More building performance simulating tools,such as Ecotect,Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),Radiance,and EnergyPlus,have been developed to help architects measure building performance(e.g.,natural ventilation,daylighting,solar radiation,and energy uses)in the design process and attain green building standards such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED).The information presented by these tools guide architects at a certain level in achieving green building goals.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MEST)(NO.2005-0049726).
文摘The trend towards affordable, green housing highlights the need for a Green Affordable Housing (GAH) model that produces durable dwellings that are not significantly more expensive to build, cheaper to operate, healthier for their occupants, and more environmentally sound. The model should also reduce the risk of poverty for those with low and moderate incomes, be close to public transportation, and support a neighborhood that is healthy, walkable and connected to the broader community and natural environment. This case study utilized detailed interviews with occupants, town officials, a developer, and a design builder to explore how green building strategies could be applied in real-world communities with the help of a Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and contributions from other funding bodies. Focusing on the Roanoke and Lee Street housing project in Blacksburg, Virginia (VA), this study demonstrated how green building strategies can be integrated into affordable housing with help from public programs and incentives to provide houses that are more durable, no more expensive to build, cheaper to operate, healthier, more environmentally sound and less risky for their occupants. The new framework includes ways to deal with neighborhood issues such as the deterioration of housing stock and infrastructure to support the creation of a vital and healthy neighborhood with improved public services and community spirit, as well as providing an integrated design process framework that enables stakeholders to work together to achieve the goal of building green and affordable housing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21076015,21376018,21576014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZY1503)
文摘In this work,the impact of internal heat integration upon process dynamics and controllability by superposing reactive section onto stripping section,relocating feed locations,and redistributing catalyst within the reactive section is explored based on a hypothetical ideal reactive distillation system containing an exothermic reaction:A + BC + D.Steady state operation analysis and closed-loop controllability evaluation are carried out by comparing the process designs with and without the consideration of internal heat integration.For superposing reactive section onto stripping section,favorable effect is aroused due to its low sensitivities to the changes in operating condition.For ascending the lower feed stage,somewhat detrimental effect occurs because of the accompanied adverse internal heat integration and strong sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.For descending the upper feed stage,serious detrimental effect happens because of the introduced adverse internal heat integration and strong sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.For redistributing catalyst in the reactive section,fairly small negative influence is aroused by the sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.When reinforcing internal heat integration with a combinatorial use of these three strategies,the decent of the upper feed stage should be avoided in process development.Although the conclusions are derived based on the hypothetical ideal reactive distillation column studied,they are considered to be of general significance to the design and operation of other reactive distillation columns.