Exploration on the Implementation of the Integration of Medical and Preventive Model in China’s Primary Health Care Institutions

Objective To explore the different modes and approaches of medical and preventive integration in current primary health care institutions in China.Methods Through literature analysis,field research,telephone interviews,and other methods the implementation status was evaluated to systematically study the main experience and effect of implementing medical and preventive integration services in pilot areas.Results and Conclusion At present,there are three implementation modes of medical-prevention integration,namely,vertical mode based on the medical community,internal mode with optimized service process,and internal mode with great service capabilities.The three medical-prevention integration modes have their respective focuses,but they need to be further improved in terms of policy support,technical staffing,information system construction,and drug use.

Retrospective analysis of hepatitis C infected patients treated through an integrated care model

AIM To determine if our health system's integrated model reflects sustained virologic response(SVR) outcomes similar to those in clinical trial data, maximizes adherence, and averts drug interactions.METHODS Subjects with chronic hepatitis C had their medical records reviewed from November 1st, 2014 through March 1st, 2016. Patients eligible for treatment were entered into an integrated care model therapy algorithm. The primary outcome was SVR12 based on intention to treat(ITT) analysis. Inclusion criteria consisted of both treatment na?ve and experienced patients over the age of 18 who were at least twelve weeks post-therapy completion with any genotype(GT) or METAVIR score. Secondary outcomes included adherence, adverse events, and number of drug interaction interventions.RESULTS At the time of analysis, 133 patients had reached twelve weeks post therapy with ITT. In the ITT analysis 70 patients were GT 1a, 26 GT 1b, 23 could not be differentiated between GT 1a or 1b, 8 GT 2, 4 GT 3, and 2 patients with multiple genotypes. The ITT treatment regimens consisted of 97 sofosbuvir(SOF)/ledipasvir(LDV), 8 SOF/LDV and ribavirin(RBV), 7 SOFand Simeprevir(SMV), 6 3D and RBV, 1 3D, 11 SOF and RBV, and 1 SOF, peg interferon alpha, and RBV. The overall SVR12 rate was 93% in the ITT analysis with a total of 6 patients relapsing. In patients with cirrhosis, 89% obtained SVR12. All 33 patients who were previous treatment failures achieved SVR12. Drug-drug interactions were identified in 56.4% of our patient population, 69 of which required interventions made by the pharmacist. The most common side effects were fatigue(41.4%), headache(28.6%), nausea(18.1%), and diarrhea(8.3%). No serious adverse effects were reported.CONCLUSION Dean Health System's integrated care model successfully managed patients being treated for hepatitis C virus(HCV). The integrated care model demonstrates high SVR rates amongst patients with different levels of fibrosis, genotypes, and HCV treatment history.

Effects of cooperative nursing and patient education on postoperative infection and self-efficacy in gastrointestinal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tumors have a high incidence rate.The application value of the cooperative nursing care system of medical care has received widespread attention in recent years.However,there are few studies on the value of the joint application of collaborative nursing care and self-efficacy education.AIM To explore the effect of cooperative nursing care management/self-efficacy education on postoperative infection and self-efficacy in gastrointestinal tumor surgery patients.METHODS A total of 102 patients with gastrointestinal tumors treated in our hospital from October 2018 to February 2020 were selected and divided into a conventional group(n=51)and a combined group(n=51)according to the nursing plan.The routine group adopted routine nursing,and the joint group adopted the medical care cooperative responsibility system nursing management combined with selfefficacy education.The self-efficacy scores,coping style scores,self-experience burden scores,and postoperative complication rates of the two groups before and after intervention were counted.RESULTS After intervention,the daily life behavior management,cognitive symptom management,and disease management scores of the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,and those of the combined group were higher than those of the conventional group(all P=0.000).After the intervention,the positive response scores of the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,the negative response scores were lower than those before the intervention,and the combined group was better than the conventional group(all P=0.000).After the intervention,the two groups’emotional,economic,and physical factor scores were lower than those before the intervention,and the combined group was lower than the conventional group(all P=0.000).The incidence of infection in the combined group(1.96%)was lower than that in the conventional group(15.69%)(P=0.036).CONCLUSION Cooperative nursing care management and self-efficacy education improved the physical and mental states of gastrointestinal cancer surgery patients,change the response to disease,and reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

Guided Care护理模式对老年骨质疏松症患者自我管理能力和生活质量的影响

目的探讨分析Guided Care护理模式对老年骨质疏松症患者自我管理能力和生活质量的影响。方法简单随机选取2022年1月—2023年9月山东省泰安荣军医院收治的60例老年骨质疏松症患者为研究对象,按随机数表法将其分为常规组(实施常规护理干预),模式组(在常规组的基础上给予Guided Care护理模式干预),每组30例,两组均持续干预2个月,比较两组患者干预前后的健康认知水平、跌倒风险、自我管理能力、生活质量、护理满意度。结果干预2个月后,模式组的健康认知水平评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预2个月后,模式组的跌倒风险评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预2个月后,模式组的自我管理能力评分高于常规组,生活质量评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。干预2个月后,模式组的护理满意度为93.33%,高于常规组的护理满意度73.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.320,P<0.05)。结论在老年骨质疏松症患者中,应用Guided Care护理模式,可以有效地提升患者的健康认知水平及自我管理能力,提高患者的生活质量,降低患者跌倒的风险。

Study Protocol on Stroke Management: Role of Nurses and Physiotherapists at the Adult University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka Zambia

Background: Management of stroke patients requires a multidisciplinary approach. Literature presents unequivocal evidence of improved outcomes when patients are treated in a stroke unit by multi-disciplinary teams made up of medical doctors, nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. Among the multidisciplinary team members, physiotherapists and nurses are the largest professional workforce working with both stroke patients and survivors. This study, therefore, aims at investigating the role of nurses and physiotherapists in the management of stroke patients at the Adult University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This study shall utilize a convergent parallel mixed method design where both quantitative and qualitative data will be collected at the same time resulting in two data sets which will eventually be merged at the point of discussion. The quantitative component shall utilize an analytical cross-sectional approach while the qualitative component shall use a qualitative case study approach. The study will be conducted at the Adult University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. Data will be collected from all the 287 nurses and 37 physiotherapists working in the Emergency Department, Medical Wards, Adult Intensive Care Unit and the Department of Physiotherapy. Quantitative data will be analyzed using Statistical Package for social sciences. Descriptive statistics shall be computed on the role of nurses and physiotherapists in stroke care. In addition, chi-square and fisher’s exact tests will be used in the test for associations between variables while binary logistic regression will be used in identifying predictors of the various roles played by nurses and physiotherapists in the management of stroke patients. Qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis in order to generate new concepts and a substantive model of care for stroke patients. Conclusion: Despite research evidence of improved outcomes when stroke patients are managed by a multi-disciplinary team, data on the role of different members of the multidisciplinary care team in stroke management is almost non-existent from the Zambia context. It is therefore hoped that information obtained from this study will be used as a basis for recommending the streamlined role of the nurse and physiotherapist in both acute care and rehabilitation.

基于Anderson模型社区老年人医养结合服务的利用水平及影响因素研究

目的探究基于卫生服务利用的Anderson模型,了解社区居家老年人目前医养结合服务利用水平及影响因素,旨在推进优化服务体系建设。方法对上海市浦东新区某街道内长护险服务覆盖的居家养老老年人进行问卷调查并分析,调查内容包括倾向特征、促进资源和需要三个层面的影响因素和医养结合服务利用水平现状。结果调查共收到问卷2348份,有效问卷2302份,问卷有效回收率为98.04%。不同长护险评估等级的老年人中年龄段(年龄段占比)、文化程度、疾病数量、需要帮助程度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。27项生活护理服务中,利用率排名前六的项目依次为指/趾甲护理、手/足部清洁、沐浴、梳理/洗发、温水擦浴、头面部清洁;15项常用医疗护理服务方面,目前“未利用任意一项”的占比为61.86%。多元线性回归模型提示,倾向因素中的年龄对生活照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有正向影响(P<0.05),文化程度对生活照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有负面影响(P<0.05);促使因素中的医保类别、生活来源、照护费用对各服务利用均无影响(P>0.05);需要因素中的需要帮助程度、疾病数量、长护险等级对生活照护服务、医疗护理照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有正向影响(P<0.05)。结论长护险制度协调了居家养老的老年人的服务需求与服务供给,各项服务的利用水平仍有待进一步提升,服务模式有待优化。

基于文献和知识学习的重症医学大语言模型探索

目的:通过大语言模型技术学习重症医学专科的临床知识,理解和识别临床医疗需求和临床问题意图,并对临床用户提出的问题进行智能反馈。方法:在通用大语言模型的基础上,进行医疗大语言模型数据集的设计,并收集大量的医学知识数据进行多任务多阶段的大语言模型训练,实现对重症医学临床信息的智能分析。结果:实现对重症医学临床医疗信息的智能化理解及自动化问答。结论:应用医疗大语言模型技术,结合临床规则库、医学文献等外部知识体系,可构建重症临床信息大语言模型系统,为临床医疗提供科学、智能的信息理解和决策支持,为大语言模型技术在医疗领域的进一步研究和应用提供经验和参考。

健康老龄化视域下“医养结合嵌入式”养老服务的质量评价研究

健康老龄化视角下的嵌入式医养结合养老模式是未来老年人养老质量的保障,也体现了老年人对未来老年幸福美好生活的需求。但对该模式的研究多集中在理论研究层面,对实证的研究较为缺乏。本研究基于医养结合的嵌入式养老服务的评价方法和评价原则,对构建嵌入式医养结合养老模式的评价指标体系进行了较为详尽的阐释。发现目前嵌入式养老机构重在养老轻在医疗,医疗机构与养老机构之间存在着衔接不足的问题,具体表现在医护人员的服务主体不够专业、服务项目不够落实、医疗机构与养老机构的资源整合碎片化以及机构管理的多头监管等问题。研究针对相关问题提出了建议,对我国医养结合的嵌入式养老模式的进一步实施具有一定借鉴意义。

1例腰椎间盘突出症患者的医护一体化中医护理查房

总结1例腰椎间盘突出患者的医护一体化中医护理查房实践经验。分析患者临床资料,由责任护士汇报病例,医生分析病情,医护联合对重点护理内容进行讨论,协同制定护理措施。通过医护一体化查房,医护之间专业互补,重建医、护、患三位一体的治疗和护理模式,达到实施整体护理的效果。

医疗联合体模式下延续性护理在口腔正畸患者居家自我管理中的作用及对正畸效果的影响

目的:探讨医疗联合体模式下延续性护理在口腔正畸患者居家自我管理中的作用及对正畸效果的影响。方法:选取2021年12月-2022年5月笔者科室开展常规护理的患者72例为对照组,选取2022年7月-2022年11月开展医疗联合体模式下延续性护理的患者72例为观察组。比较两组自我管理能力、正畸效果、口腔维护情况、红色美学效果及复诊情况。结果:干预后,两组自我管理行为、自我管理环境、自我管理认知评分均增高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组正畸总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组牙龈指数、菌斑指数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组红色美学指数大于对照组(P<0.05)。干预期间,观察组按时复诊率高于对照组,托槽脱落率、黏膜损伤率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:医疗联合体模式下延续性护理在口腔正畸患者中应用可提高患者居家自我管理能力,改善正畸效果、口腔维护情况、红色美学效果与复诊情况。

PBL联合医护一体化教学模式在助产专业临床实习中的应用

目的:探讨PBL联合医护一体化教学模式在助产专业教学中的应用。方法:选取本院2019年1月至2020年6月来我院产科实习的学生60名,随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组30名。试验组采用PBL联合医护一体化教学模式,对照组进行传统教学。比较两组学生的理论和技能得分和教学模式的满意度及护理的软技能。结果:试验组理论和技能得分高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组学生对教学模式满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。教学前两组学生护理软技能各方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);教学后试验组学生护理软技能各方面均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:PBL联合医护一体化教学模式在助产专业临床实习中的应用效果较好,能显著提高学生对教学模式的满意度,提高学生护理的软技能。

基于米特-霍恩模型的中医药政策在医养结合执行中的分析研究

目的分析我国中医药政策在医养结合执行过程中存在的问题,为完善中医药政策提供借鉴,以此更好地推动医养结合服务的发展和进步。方法采用米特-霍恩模型:政策标准与目标、政策资源、执行方式、执行机构特性、执行人员价值取向、系统环境六大因素为框架,分析中医药政策在医养结合服务执行中存在的问题。结果中医药政策越来越受重视,但在执行中仍受到政策目标不清晰、资源不足、执行方式单一、执行机构特性缺乏规划、执行人员价值取向低和复杂的系统环境等因素的影响。结论为解决中医药政策在医养结合执行中存在的问题,提出建议:完善顶层设计,细化政策实施目标;强化资源保障,提升政策执行效率;丰富执行方式,确保执行效果;多部门联动,加强沟通交流;优化政策执行环境。

肺泡蛋白沉积症患者全肺灌洗术中的风险管理

总结12例肺泡蛋白沉积症患者行全肺灌洗术中应用霍尔三维模型进行风险管理的护理经验。针对疾病特殊性及全肺灌洗术的多重风险,对患者风险分级管控,提前预警;引入霍尔三维模型,以全肺灌洗术围手术期为线轴,以专科知识及思辨逻辑能力系统排查及处理风险隐患,提升安全护理效能。该组患者住院治疗护理4~29 d,症状好转出院。

基于个案管理的整合照护模式在老年衰弱患者中的构建及应用

目的:探讨基于个案管理的整合照护模式在老年衰弱患者中的构建及应用效果。方法:选取2022年7月1日~12月31日80例老年衰弱患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组各40例,对照组采用常规老年衰弱护理方案,研究组采用基于个案管理的整合照护模式;比较两组干预前后日常生活能力(采用日常生活能力量表),社会支持度[采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)],握力、6 m步行时间、5次坐立试验(FTSST)、起立-行走计时测试(TUG),护理满意度。结果:研究组干预后日常生活能力评分及SSRS评分、握力、6 m步行时间、FTSST、TUG均优于对照组(P<0.05),护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于个案管理的整合照护模式应用于老年衰弱患者可提高其日常生活能力及社会支持度,改善生活质量,提升护理满意度。

医护治一体化康复模式在脑卒中气管切开患者肺康复中的应用

目的探讨医护治一体化康复模式在脑卒中气管切开患者肺康复中的应用效果。方法选取2021年7月1日至2022年6月31日康复医学科收治的脑卒中气管切开患者48例作为研究对象,其中2021年12月31日之前收治的24例作为对照组,之后收治的24例作为试验组。两组患者均给予康复医学科常规康复干预措施,试验组在此基础上进行医护治一体化康复模式管理,观察时间均为4周。两组患者在入院当天及护理干预4周后分别测定用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、呼气峰值流速(PEF),膈肌厚度及移动度,比较两组患者护理干预4周后肺部感染发生率、抗菌药物使用时间、气管套管拔管率及出院时的满意度。结果两组患者护理干预4周后FVC、FEV1、PEF、膈肌厚度和膈肌平静呼吸移动度均大于入院当天,P<0.05或<0.01;且试验组护理干预4周后的FVC、FEV1、PEF、膈肌厚度和膈肌平静呼吸移动度均大于对照组,P<0.05。护理干预4周后,与对照组比较,试验组肺部感染发生率降低,P<0.05,抗菌药物使用时间缩短,P<0.01。试验组出院当天满意度(91.7%)高于对照组满意度(83.3%),但差异无统计学意义。结论医护治一体化康复模式能有效改善脑卒中气管切开患者的肺功能,降低肺部感染发生率,从而提高患者生活质量,康复干预效果满意,患者满意度高。

Patient-centered medical home and integrated care in the United States: An opportunity to maximize delivery of primary care

The reciprocal relationship between mental and physical health is well established.Undiagnosed,untreated,and poorly managed mental health conditions are associated with numerous physical health complications,poor treatment adherence,and decreased quality of life.Despite growing evidence regarding the importance of effectively addressing these conditions in primary care,the rates of identification remain low and follow-up and management by primary care providers has been criticized.The objective of this review was to demonstrate the role of Patient-Centered Medical Home(PCMH)and mental health integration in addressing comprehensive health care needs in primary care patients,and to describe common barriers and facilitators to the implementation of these types of programs.

探索医内设养的设计策略——以太湖县医养中心为例

随着我国的老龄化程度不断加深,对于医疗和养老的需求愈发显著。医养结合策略是我国积极应对人口老龄化趋势的重要措施之一。医内设养是医养结合模式中的一种,即医疗机构通过内设养老机构的举措,可以更加全面整合医疗与养老两方面的资源。但该模式尚处于发展阶段,理论以及实际中的经验不足,存在一些问题。该文以太湖县医养中心为研究对象,梳理和总结相关设计经验,为现状问题提供解决思路并为同类型的建筑设计提供参考。

社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合服务绩效评价指标体系构建研究

背景面对日益严峻的人口老龄化趋势和非传染性慢性病的威胁,我国积极引导和促进社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合的发展,然而已有文献中鲜见关于该领域绩效评价的研究,构建一套科学、有效的社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合服务绩效评价指标体系,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。目的构建社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合服务绩效评价指标体系,并确定各层次指标权重,为相关政策的制定及开展社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合服务绩效评价提供借鉴和参考。方法于2022年9—10月,通过文献研究法,依据嵌入性理论和结构-过程-结果理论模型,建立社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合“嵌入-绩效”二维理论框架;于2022年10—11月,根据“嵌入-绩效”二维理论框架,采用文献研究法、德尔菲法、实地调查法构建形成指标体系;于2022年12月,应用层次分析法确定各级指标权重系数并检验各级指标逻辑一致性。结果构建了包含嵌入性和嵌入绩效2个维度、6项一级指标、19项二级指标、45项三级指标的社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合服务绩效评价体系;一级指标中权重最大的分别是A5(服务过程)和A6(服务结果),二级、三级指标中组合权重最大的分别是B17(服务产出)和B19(服务满意度)、C44(老年人满意度);判断矩阵均通过一致性检验,随机性一致性比值(CR)<0.1。结论所建立的社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合“嵌入-绩效”二维理论框架具有较强的适用性和可行性,根据该理论框架构建的指标体系专家意见集中度较高,具有较强的科学性、合理性、系统性、层次性和应用价值,能够为政府部门制定相关政策提供借鉴和参考,是开展社区嵌入式中医药特色医养结合服务绩效评价的有效工具。

基于SWOT-CLPV模型的我国医养联合体发展策略研究

老年人存在医疗与养老的双重需求,医养联合体是推动医养结合发展的有益实践,已有研究聚焦老年人的多重需求,主要围绕医养联合体的内涵特点、模式类型、发展困境及对策开展探索实践,但少有研究结合环境因素对其发展态势进行分析。本研究基于SWOT-CLPV模型对我国医养联合体的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行梳理,并对其相互转化产生的抑制性、杠杆效应、问题性、脆弱性进行分析,提出现代化信息技术助推医养资源有效融合的增长型策略、明确机构间分工职责与利益分配的扭转型策略、加强全方位制度保障的多元型策略、提高基层机构服务水平的防御型策略,为我国医养联合体发展提供参考,从而更好地满足广大老年人医养服务需求,提升老年人生活质量和养老服务水平。

基于公办与民办差异视角的养老机构医养结合服务质量评价研究

背景近几年,关于我国医养结合服务模式、影响因素等的研究报道较多,但关于养老机构医养结合服务质量的研究报道较少,且缺乏对不同类型养老机构医养结合服务质量差异的比较研究。目的评价公办与民办养老机构医养结合服务质量。方法2020年10月—2021年9月,采用分层随机抽样方法在内蒙古自治区包头市、陕西省西安市、湖北省宜昌市、浙江省绍兴市共4个地区进行问卷调查,共选取25家养老机构老年人1106名。通过SERVQUAL模型构建包含可靠性、及时性、保障性、规范性、移情性5个维度和15项二级指标的医养结合服务质量评价指标体系,结合熵权法与模糊综合评价法分别计算公办、民办养老机构医养结合服务质量评分并进行比较。结果公办、民办养老机构老年人对医养结合服务质量满意度综合评价值分别为41.66、38.82分,其中公办养老机构15项二级指标评分均在40.00分以上,民办养老机构13项二级指标评分在40.00分以下。结论公办与民办养老机构老年人对医养结合服务质量满意度综合评价结果存在一定差异,其中规范性、移情性维度评分差异较大,可靠性、及时性、保障性维度评分差异较小,这为发现不同维度下医养结合服务存在的问题、促进养老机构医养结合服务高质量提供了参考。