Suppress oxygen evolution of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials via an integrated strategy

Improving the reversibility of anionic redox and inhibiting irreversible oxygen evolution are the main challenges in the application of high reversible capacity Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials.A facile synchronous lithiation strategy combining the advantages of yttrium doping and LiYO_(2) surface coating is proposed.Yttrium doping effectively suppresses the oxygen evolution during the delithiation process by increasing the energy barrier of oxygen evolution reaction through strong Y–O bond energy.LiYO_(2) nanocoating has the function of structural constraint and protection,that protecting the lattice oxygen exposed to the surface,thus avoiding irreversible oxidation.As an Li^(+) conductor,LiYO_(2) nano-coating can provide a fast Li^(+) transfer channel,which enables the sample to have excellent rate performance.The synergistic effect of Y doping and nano-LiYO_(2) coating integration suppresses the oxygen release from the surface,accelerates the diffusion of Li^(+)from electrolyte to electrode and decreases the interfacial side reactions,enabling the lithium ion batteries to obtain good electrochemical performance.The lithium-ion full cell employing the Y-1 sample(cathode)and commercial graphite(anode)exhibit an excellent specific energy density of 442.9 Wh kg^(-1) at a current density of 0.1C,with very stable safety performance,which can be used in a wide temperature range(60 to-15℃)stable operation.This result illustrates a new integration strategy for advanced cathode materials to achieve high specific energy density.

Multimodal integrated strategy for the discovery and identification of quality markers in traditional Chinese medicine

With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the requirement for quality control has increased.The quality marker(Q-marker)is an important standard in this field and has been implemented with remarkable success in recent years.However,the establishment of Qmarkers remains fragmented and the process lacks systematicity,resulting in inconsistent quality control and insufficient correlation with clinical efficacy and safety of TCM.This review introduces four multimodal integrated approaches that contribute to the discovery of more comprehensive and accurate Qmarkers,thus aiding in the establishment of new quality control patterns based on the characteristics and principles of TCM.These include the whole-process quality control strategy,chemical-activity-based screening method,efficacy,safety,and consistent combination strategy,and TCM theory-guided approach.Furthermore,methodologies and representative examples of these strategies are described,and important future directions and questions in this field are also proposed.

Interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous and hilly regions with an integrated strategy:a longitudinal case study in Sichuan,China

Background:Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China.Since 2004,an integrated strategy was developed to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China.However,the long-term effectiveness of this integrated strategy for the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission remains unknown in the mountainous and hilly regions of China until now.This longitudinal study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy on transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province from 2005 through 2014.Methods:The data regarding replacement of bovines with machines,improved sanitation,access to clean water,construction of public toilets and household latrines,snail control,chemotherapy,and health education were captured from the annual report of the schistosomiasis control programmes in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2014,and S.japonicum infection in humans,bovines and snails were estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy.Results:During the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014,a total of 536568 machines were used to replace bovines,and 3284333 household lavatories and 15523 public latrines were built.Tap water was supplied to 19116344 residents living in the endemic villages.A total of 230098 hm2 snail habitats were given molluscicide treatment,and 357233 hm2 snail habitats received environmental improvements.There were 7268138 humans and 840845 bovines given praziquantel chemotherapy.During the 10-year study period,information,education and communication(IEC)materials were provided to village officers,teachers and schoolchildren.The 10-year implementation of the integrated strategy resulted in a great reduction in S.japonicum infection in humans,bovines and snails.Since 2007,no acute infection was detected,and no schistosomiasis cases or infected bovines were identified since 2012.In addition,the snail habitats reduced by 62.39%in 2014 as compared to that in 2005,and no S.japonicum infection was identified in snails since 2007.By 2014,88.9%of the endemic counties achieved the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis and transmission control of schistosmiasis was achieved in the whole province in 2008.Conclusion:The government-directed and multi-department integrated strategy is effective for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.

Integrated management strategy for improving the grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat

Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Tai＇an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. The integrated management treatments were as follows： current practice（T1）; improvement of current practice（T2）; high-yield management（T3）, which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management（T4） with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nutrient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m^-2 with each treatment from T1（225 seeds m^-2） to T4（450 seeds m^-2）. The sowing dates were delayed from T1（5 th Oct.） to T2 and T3（8 th Oct.）, and to T4 treatment（12 th Oct.）. T1, T2, T3, and T4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha^-1, 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P2O5 ha^-1, 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K2O ha^-1, respectively. The ratio of basal application to topdressing for T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 6：4, 5：5, 4：6, and 4：6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for T1 and at jointing stage for T2, T3, and T4. The P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. The K fertilizer for T1 and T2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing（at jointing stage） of K fertilizer for both T3 and T4 was 6：4. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. Treatment T3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha^-1. Grain yield averaged across three years with the T4 treatment（8 892.93 kg ha^-1） was 95.85% of that with T3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with T1（7 305.95 kg ha^-1） and T2（8 381.41 kg ha^-1）, respectively. Treatment T2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated treatments. The NUE with T4 was 95.36% of that with T2 and was 51.91 and 25.62% higher than that with T1 and T3, respectively. The N uptake efficiency（UPE） averaged across three years with T4 was 50.75 and 16.62% higher than that with T1and T3, respectively. The N utilization efficiency（UTE） averaged across three years with T4 was 7.74% higher than that with T3. The increased UPE with T4 compared with T3 could be attributed mostly to the lower available N in T4, while the increased UTE with T4 was mainly due to the highest N harvest index and low grain N concentration, which consequently led to improved NUE. The net profit for T4 was the highest among four treatments and was 174.94, 22.27, and 28.10% higher than that for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Therefore, the T4 treatment should be a recommendable management strategy to obtain high grain yield, high NUE, and high economic benefits in the target region, although further improvements of NUE are required.

Low-carbon city communication:Integrated strategies for urban and rural municipalities in Thailand

As an important sustainable development goal,the creation of low-carbon cities(LCCs)has become crucial to creating livable cities and environmental sustainability.Thus,we aimed to understand the factors that support the transition of traditional cities to LCCs,by analyzing and synthesizing how to promote practical LCC across 15 pilot municipalities in four regions of Thailand,covering four strategies:City of Trees,City of Waste Minimization,City of Energy Efficiency,and City of Sustainable Consumption.Literature research,in-depth interviews,and observations were employed for data collection,while the 5​W(who,says what,in which channel,to whom,and with what effect)and SMCR(sender,message,channel,and receiver)models were used to create a communication analysis framework.Results revealed that the effective activities of municipalities should increase tree planting and implement more serious regulations for the conservation of existing trees.Making compost and establishing waste recycling banks are recommended for rural municipalities,while optimization of garbage and wastewater management systems and facilities should be highlighted in urban municipalities.Moreover,recycling,low-carbon agriculture,second-hand shops/markets,green markets,and homegrown vegetables should be encouraged for sustainable consumption.Working with local municipalities,credible leaders and representatives were the key senders.Additionally,message design should compare the pros and cons of behaviors,connect with local health and tourism,and promote dialogue in easy-to-understand and thought-provoking language.Receivers that drive LCC should have an excellent understanding of LCC practice and its benefits,be public-minded,and have a desire to live in a good environment.

Putin's Strategy of Integrating Russia into Europe and Its Prospect

The establishment and rapid rise of the European Union (EU) have increasingly made Europe an independent force. Objectively, the enlargement of both the EU and NATO has speeded up the process of European integration, and "One important link of Russia’s diplomacy

Train of Thought and Strategy over Strengthening the Research of Treating Hypertension by Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine

The gradually ex—panding number of peo—pie suffering from hy—pertension and the trendof lowering of their ageindicate that one shouldpay more attention tothe illness and tOstrengthen preventionand treatment of it inorder tO elevate clinicaltherapeutic effect,so as

Comment： Closing phosphorus cycle from natural waters： re-capturing phosphorus through an integrated water-energy-food strategy

Phosphorus （P） reserve, largely derived from phosphate rock, is essential for crop growth to support the growing world population. However, a significant proportion of phosphorus used as a fertilizer runs into natural waters, causing eutro- phication and ecological damage. Moreover, most P in the food is eventually discharged as waste after being digested by human and animals. Thus, industrial activities have created a one-way flow of non-renewable P from rocks to farms to lakes, rivers and oceans.

The Integration of Network Teaching and Chinese Art History Education in Colleges

Based on the network teaching model,this article briefly summarizes the development of Chinese art history education in universities,analyzes the importance of integrating network teaching in Chinese art history lessons,and explores the integration strategy.

Integrated fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for a flexible regional aircraft

The article focuses on the design and application of an active reconfigurable controller that mitigates the effects of gust load and actuator faults on a flexible aircraft.A novel integrated adaptive output feedback scheme is investigated to address the actuator faults.The real-time fault values provided by the fault estimation module are considered in the reconfigurable control law to improve the fault-tolerant capability.The estimate values of faults and control gains are calculated by analyzing the stability of the overall system.The proposed controller is simulated using a flexible aircraft model with a discrete‘1-cosine’gust,and the results show that it can effectively mitigate the wing root moments and recover the flight maneuver stability after the aircraft suffered from gusts.

Integration strategy of network pharmacology in Traditional Chinese Medicine: a narrative review

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has been extensively used as a mainstay for treating various pathologies.Combing the pharmacology and systems biology approaches,the network pharmacology(NP)approach was developed to predict the probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TCM.However,approaches solely based on NP cannot effectively elucidate the curative mechanism in a holistic and reliable manner due to limitations in NP-based methods and complexity of TCM components.Thus,integration strategies combining NP with other approaches are increasingly being used.Since the interdisciplinary research in TCM has received much attention in the advent of the big data era of which the NPbased integration strategy is broadly used,the strategy is clearly elaborated in the present review.We summarized several NP-based integration strategies and their applications in TCM studies,including multi-omics approach,gut microbiota study,chemical information analysis,data-mining,and network toxicology study.

Kinetic analysis of γ-glutamyltransferase reaction process for measuring activity via an integration strategy at low concentrations of γ-glutamyl p-nitroaniline

At 0.12 mmol/L γ-glutamyl p-nitroaniline(GGPNA),an improved integrated method was developed for kinetic analysis of γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) reaction process and the integration with the classical initial rate method to measure serum GGT.For the improved integrated method,an integrated rate equation,which used the predictor variable of reaction time and considered inhibitions by both GGPNA and products,was nonlinearly fit to GGT reaction processes.For the integration strategy,classical initial rates were estimated when GGPNA consumption percentages were below 50%;otherwise,maximal reaction rates of GGT were estimated by the improved integrated method and converted into initial rates according to the differential rate equation at 0.11 mmol/L GGPNA.The inte-gration strategy was validated using optimized GGT kinetic parameters and 10-s intervals to record reaction curves within 8.0 min.By the integration strategy,there was a linear response from 0.9 to 32.0 U/L GGT,coefficients of variation were below 3.5%for GGT from 8.0 to 32.0 U/L(n=5) ,and GGT activities in clinical sera responded linearly to their classical initial rates at 2.00 mmol/L GGPNA with an expected slope.Therefore,the integration strategy was successful in measuring GGT at 0.12 mmol/L GGPNA.

Engineering naphthalimide-cyanine integrated near-infrared dye into ROS-responsive nanohybrids for tumor PDT/PTT/chemotherapy

Photodynamic(PDT)and photothermal therapies(PTT)are emerging treatments for tumour ablation.Organic dyes such as porphyrin,chlorin,phthalocyanine,boron-dipyrromethene and cyanine are the clinically or preclinically used photosensitizer or photothermal agents.Development of structurally diverse near-infrared dyes with long absorption wavelength is of great significance for PDT and PTT.Herein,we report a novel near-infrared dye ML880 with naphthalimide modified cyanine skeleton.The introduction of naphthalimide moiety results in stronger electron delocalization and larger redshift in emission compared with IR820.Furthermore,ML880 is co-loaded with chemotherapeutic drug into ROS-responsive mesoporous organosilica(RMON)to construct nanomedicine NBD&ML@RMON,which exhibits remarkable tumor inhibition effects through PDT/PTT/chemotherapy in vivo.

Integrated VP-Based Control Strategies for ATM Survivable Networks

Nowadays the self-healing techniques in ATM networks are highly considered. However, in mostof networks, the normal control and sell-healing control are separately considered. In this paper, intenttedATM VP-based control strategies for ATM survivable networks are prOPosed, which combine the normalcontrol and self-healing control in a unified wad, being able to operate under both normal conditions andcatastrophic failure situations. These strategies allow a cost-effective network plan and design.

Reasonable suppression of polysulfides/polyselenides shuttle based on MXene in Na-SeS_(2)batteries

Metal-sulfur/selenium batteries have become the focus of new-generation energy storage systems due to the advantages of low-cost and high energy density.However,it still suffers from the notorious shuttle of polysulfides/polyselenides,poor electronic conductivity and tremendous volume expansion.Herein,a dual defense system for polysulfides/polyselenides was proposed and constructed based on MXene.The nitrogen-doped porous carbon(NPC)decorated by Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene(M@NPC)was employed as the SeS_(2)host(SeS_(2)@M@NPC).Particularly,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)sheets wrapped on NPC guarantee the rapid ion diffusion and serve as the first barrier for SeS_(2)and dissolved sodium polysulfides/polyselenides.Meanwhile,the few-layered Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)sheets coated on glass fiber separators act as the second barrier for alleviating the shuttle of polysulfides/polyselenides through physical interception and chemical adsorption.With this elaborate design,the integrated Na-SeS_(2)battery achieves a high specific capacity of 1243 mAh·g^(-1)at 1.0C,revealing a distinct superiority over its counterparts(SeS_(2)@M@NPC,1083mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C;and SeS_(2)@NPC,823 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C).The findings gained in this work provide a creative idea for the construction of durable room-temperature Na-SeS_(2)batteries based on MXenes and their derivative materials.

Recent progression and future perspectives in cotton genomic breeding

Upland cotton is an important global cash crop for its long seed fibers and high edible oil and protein content.Progress in cotton genomics promotes the advancement of cotton genetics,evolutionary studies,functional genetics,and breeding,and has ushered cotton research and breeding into a new era.Here,we summarize high-impact genomics studies for cotton from the last 10 years.The diploid Gossypium arboreum and allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum are the main focus of most genetic and genomic studies.We next review recent progress in cotton molecular biology and genetics,which builds on cotton genome sequencing efforts,population studies,and functional genomics,to provide insights into the mechanisms shaping abiotic and biotic stress tolerance,plant architecture,seed oil content,and fiber development.We also suggest the application of novel technologies and strategies to facilitate genome-based crop breeding.Explosive growth in the amount of novel genomic data,identified genes,gene modules,and pathways is now enabling researchers to utilize multidisciplinary genomics-enabled breeding strategies to cultivate"super cotton",synergistically improving multiple traits.These strategies must rise to meet urgent demands for a sustainable cotton industry.

Scalable synthesis of N-doped Si/G@voids@C with porous structures for high-performance anode of lithium-ion batteries

The co-utilization of silicon(Si) and graphite(G) has been considered as the preferred strategy to achieve high energy density anode materials,but the effective synergistic integration of Si and graphite is still a challenge and it is necessary to find a scheme to accommodate the large-scale production of Si/graphite anodes.In this work,silicon cutting waste from the photovoltaic industry was used as raw material,mixed with graphite,pitch,and polyvinylpyrrolidone,and subjected to high-energy ball milling.The mixture was then heated in an Ar atmosphere for the carbon coating,and the resulting Si/graphite/carbon(Si/G/C) composite was etched to remove the thicker SiOx layer formed on the Si surface to allow the pores between the Si and the carbon matrix to obtain Si@voids/G@C.Benefiting from the integrated structural design and the significantly enhanced electronic conductivity,the Si/G@voids@C composite exhibited the first dischargespecific capacity of 2530 mAh·g^(-1) with an initial coulombic efficiency(ICE) of 86.7%,and the remaining capacity exceeded 1000 mAh·g^(-1) after 550 cycles at 1.5A·g^(-1).Notably,full lithium-ion batteries with a Si/G@voids@C anode and LiFePO_4 cathode delivered a stable capacity of 140 mAh·g^(-1).The synthesis method is facile and cost-effective,providing an integration strategy for Si and G with a potential scheme for large-scale commercial applications.

三维空心枝化结构碳材料的制备及其超电性能研究

空心结构微纳米材料具有低密度、高表面积/体积比、高负载容量及有利于传质扩散等特点,在能量存储与转化、催化、载药、环境治理等领域具有广泛用途.传统硬模板法是制备和调控空心结构的最普适方法,通过合理提高空心结构的复杂性可赋予材料独特的性能和优势,但也使得复杂空心结构的构建更具挑战性.本文基于金属有机框架ZIF-8和葡萄糖的水热特性进行一步水热反应,首次报道了一种独特的"集成硬模板法"用于制备复杂三维空心枝化结构碳材料.对反应过程中产物的结构演变及反应液变化进行表征分析,结果显示ZIF-8纳米颗粒首先水解形成枝化结构ZnO,随后葡萄糖在ZnO表面聚合并原位释放有机酸刻蚀内部ZnO模板,从而实现模板制备、材料包覆和模板去除的有序集成串联.水热碳质产物经高温热解后得到复杂三维空心枝化结构碳材料,其作为电极材料或基底电极(导电载体)时均表现出优异的超级电容器性能.

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA

Inappropriate nitrogen fertilizer management for the intensive Chinese vegetable production has caused low N use efficiency(NUE),high reactive nitrogen(Nr)losses and serious environmental risks with limited yield increase.Innovative N management strategy is an urgent need to achieve sustainable vegetable production.This paper summarizes recent studies on Nr losses and identifies the limitations from Chinese vegetable production systems and proposes three steps for sustainable N management in Chinese vegetable production.The three N management steps include,but are not limited to,(1)knowledge-based optimization of N fertilizer rate strategy,which maintains soil N supply to meet the dynamic vegetable demand in time,space and quantity;(2)innovative products and technology,which regulates the soil N forms and promotes the vegetable root growth to reduce the Nr loss;(3)integrated knowledge and products strategy(IKPS).The knowledge-based optimization of N fertilizer rate strategy and innovative products and technology,can maintain or increase vegetable yield,significantly improve NUE,and mitigate the region-specific and crop-specific Nr losses.More importantly,IKPS,based on combination of in-season root-zone N management strategy,innovative products and technology,and best crop cultivation management,is needed to produce more vegetables with lower Nr losses.