Characteristics and trends of integrated ocean management under the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

As the international community place high value on the ocean,protecting the marine environment and promoting the sustainable development of the ocean have become the consensus of all countries around the world.Integrated ocean management,as an important part of the ocean governance mechanism within the framework of the United Nations,have approached to the scene view of human gradually.Taking the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as the framework,the current international integrated ocean management is summarized and the future development trend of ocean management is analyzed,providing reference for China to build a maritime power and a maritime community with shared future.

New Strategy of IPACS Design and Energy Management for Spacecrafts

The design problem of an integrated power and attitude control system （IPACS） for spacecrafts is investigated. A Lyapunov-typed IPACS controller is designed for a spacecraft equipped with 4 flywheels （3 orthogonal ＋ 1 skew）. This controller keeps in the nonlinear properties of original systems, so the control result can be more precise. A control law of the flywheels is also proposed to accomplish the attitude control and energy storage simultaneously. Aiming at the limitations existing in the power conversion characteristic and the wheel＇s motor, a new strategy of energy management is proposed. The strategy can not only make the charged/discharged energy reaching balance in each orbital period, but also sufficiently utilize the power provided by the solar arrays. Therefore, the size and mass of solar arrays can be decreased, and the cost of spacecraft can be economized. A simulation example illustrates the validity of the designed IPACS.

Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）： Economic Importance, Biology, Biogeography and Integrated Pest Management

The Red Palm Weevil （RPW）, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）, （Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Rhynchophorinae）, is an invasive species that is originated from Southeast Asia. It has.invaded Middle East and several countries of the Mediterranean Basin during the last three decades where it attacks palm trees. During the last three decades, multiple introductions of RPW to the Middle East, Europe and Caribbean （Island of Curacao, Netherland Antilles）, Lebanon and United States of America （Laguna Beach, Orange County, California） （USA） have occurred and the RPW is now a serious pest of many palm species. Duration of all life parameters varies significantly where the entire life cycle takes about 45 to 298 days. Different artificial diets were developed and were tested for mass rearing of RPW. Control of RPW is difficult due to the concealed nature of the life cycle of the pest. Integrated Pest Management （IPM） strategy has been applied successfully to deal with RPW problem. The IPM strategy consists of various preventive and curative methods; those methods were categorized in nine categories in this review. The main objective of this work was to review the existing knowledge on RPW＇s different aspects, with an ultimate aim of revealing the actual situation of the research on RPW.

Competition Law in the GCC Countries： The Tale of a Blurry Enforcement

countries, and emphasizes that the application of the rules in force represents the weak point of systems in which the competition policy awareness is much needed but still anchored at a rudimentary stage. This is especially evident when considering that, although such laws have been built up following the European Union model as regards to the forbidden practices, and the US system-with its combination of monetary fines and criminal approach-for the sanctions, the establishment of a legal environment “friendly competition” is far from effective enforcement. After providing an overview of the competition laws passed by the six GCC members, the paper highlights that, notwithstanding the wide arsenal of legal tools to curb possible anticompetitive practices made available under the national regimes, in all countries role and powers of the competition authorities are somewhat underrated. Due to such generalized lack of implementation, the article underlines the need for effective enforcement standards accompanied by a joint harmonized action against illegal competition to be undertaken at regional level in order to facilitate the flow of commerce, and strengthen the economy in the GCC marketplace.

Conflict： Efficient State or State Under the Rule of Law？-- The Hungarian Case of the Victory of the Efficient State over the State Under the Rule of Law

This study is seeking an answer as to whether the efficient state and the state under the rule of law are indeed irreconcilable, as well as to whether these two categories are by nature to be seen as contrary concepts. The basic issue is whether efficiency is to be handled as an ＂extralegal＂ category, or whether legal regulation, in accordance with public administration traditions in Europe, can in itself meet the requirement of efficiency. Also the study presents the formation of the issue of conflict between the effective state and the state under the rule of law in Hungary after the election held in 2010 in the practice of economic policy and legislation of the Orban government. We are trying to answer the question of the tendency of power concentration to really menace the principles of a traditionally-formed state under the rule of law, as well as whether the economic policy of the government can be implemented effectively in a strongly centralized political and state administrative system.

Implications of Declining Ground Water and Water Quality in the US Southeastern Coastal Plain Ecoregion and Areawide Environmental Impact Statement Required for Mining in the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin—Part 1

Karst aquifers occur worldwide and exhibit groundwater flow responses that differ considerably from aquifers lacking fractures, bedding planes, and other karst conduits where significant and rapid groundwater flow can occur. The regional, karst Floridan aquifer system underlies the United States (US) Southeastern Coastal Plain Physiographic Region and exhibits hydrologic interconnections with overlying surficial aquifers and throughout other zones of the aquifer system, as is characteristic of other karst aquifer systems. Anthropogenic groundwater declines in this regional karst aquifer system have been documented in published literature for decades, but the impacts of those declines in this coastal plain region and the embedded ecosystems that provide essential and critical habitat for native, endemic, and federally endangered and threatened species have not been considered previously. Those anthropogenic groundwater declines reduce surfacewater levels and flows due to the capture of both groundwater and overland flow of surfacewater, resulting in induced recharge through semi-confining zones and interbasin flow through fractures and other karst conduits. This case study identifies examples from the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin study area and comparison areas of how those declines result in loss of historic base flow to surface waters and other capture of surface waters, ultimately increasing saltwater intrusion. Those results alter and degrade the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters, in violation of the US Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972. Historic groundwater declines from mining and other anthropogenic groundwater withdrawals from this regional karst aquifer system already threaten the survival and recovery of federally endangered and threatened species, as well as existing and proposed critical habitat for those species within this regional extent, in violation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. This case study and its companion publication (Part 2) appear to be the first to provide scientific support for this regional karst aquifer system as the unifying factor in habitat responses to irreversible groundwater impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems. These adverse impacts strongly suggest that the extent of the regional Floridan aquifer system should be designated as the Southeastern Coastal Plain Ecoregion for the purpose of managing natural resources. Mining activities continue to expand in our study area, which is the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. Despite that fact, no comprehensive Areawide Environmental Impact Statement (AEIS), similar to the AEIS required for phosphate mining within the Central Florida Phosphate District (CFPD) approximately a decade ago has been conducted for any of the numerous mining projects that are occurring and are proposed within the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. This case study also provides examples of why a comprehensive AEIS is essential to consider all of the adverse direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of those mining activities to the CWA, the ESA, and the irreversible losses to local economies, because federal agencies responsible for considering those adverse impacts rely on public comments to identify those adverse impacts. The mining activities authorized throughout the regional Floridan aquifer system under Category 44 Nationwide Permits (NWP) result in the same type of adverse impacts as the mining activities evaluated under Individual Permits in that region. Therefore, those Category 44 NWP mining activities also should be required to obtain Individual Permits and be evaluated under an AEIS in the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. This case study also describes how Florida’s assumption of the CWA Section 404 regulatory authority in 2020 severs four sub-basins within the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin study area at the state line between Florida and Georgia.

Solutions to Right Conflicts and Integrated Protection of Diverse Interests in Real EstateDevelopment and Operation

In the development and operation of real estate, real estate development enterprises as the principal subject would often establish contractual relationships with subjects of diverse interests including removed households, banks, construction project contractors, and buyers. At times, conflicts of interests might occur among these contractual subjects requesting civil and commercial claims of the same subject matter based on agreements or legal rights. As for the causes of these conflicts and their solutions, a majority of existing researches still stay at the superficial causes from the perspective of civil and commercial law, and the solution of determining the order of priority of compensation of related rights. Due to the lack of research into deep-seated reasons and solutions from the perspective of economic law, the current legislative and judicial approaches to this kind of problems tend to give more protection to the rights of one subject while lack sufficient attention to other subjects. This paper attempts to carry out analyses and research on the causes and solutions to this kind of conflicts from the perspective of economic law, to achieve integrated protection of diverse interests in real estate development and operation so as to better safeguard the order in real estate development and operation and facilitate the healthy and ordered development of the real estate industry.

COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE LOESS PLATEAU AREA

The Loess Plateau is one of China s developing areas where socio-econ-omy is backward,ecological environment deteriorated and people’s life difficult.The purpose of carrying out comprehensive development of the area’s agriculture is,in essence,to open up new fields of agro-production,to intensify the utilization of related resources,to raise productivity and to win bigger output.The decision is important,as by so doing,the physical landscape could be tranformed,the local economy could be flourished,and the people’s standard of living could be improved,and moreover the national development strategy of"depending on the East and shifting to the West"and building Shanxi Province into an energy and chemical industrial base could be realized.Based on field investigations in recent years,the auther proposed the purpose,target,principles,steps,tactics and strategies for the comprehensive development of the are’s agriculture.

Application of Principles of Integrated Agricultural Systems： Results from Farmer Panels

The Integrated Agricultural Systems workgroup is examining agricultural systems of the US to determine fundamental principles that underlie successful production systems. Our hypothesis is that principles are applicable across regions, but key drivers interact to influence producer decisions and create distinct production systems. We interviewed agricultural producers to examine the underlying rationale for producer decisions and discern primary factors influencing production and marketing practices. While drivers are common among regions, interactions between drivers and influences on decision-makers vary substantially to create unique production systems. The internal social driver that values farming lifestyle is the principal factor that leads people to farming. The type of farming is partly a lifestyle choice and is influenced by other factors. Economic drivers and marketing options are primary drivers influencing production systems and management choices, as farmers provide an economic foundation for their families. While all producers employed strategies to manage production and marketing risks, these varied with different marketing channels. Identification of key drivers and principles can be used by producers, scientists and policy makers to direct agricultural production and agricultural research. New management systems can be developed that are flexible enough to respond to changing societal demands, and are environmentally and economically sustainable.

Online payment fraud:from anomaly detection to risk management

Online banking fraud occurs whenever a criminal can seize accounts and transfer funds from an individual’s online bank account.Successfully preventing this requires the detection of as many fraudsters as possible,without producing too many false alarms.This is a challenge for machine learning owing to the extremely imbalanced data and complexity of fraud.In addition,classical machine learning methods must be extended,minimizing expected financial losses.Finally,fraud can only be combated systematically and economically if the risks and costs in payment channels are known.We define three models that overcome these challenges:machine learning-based fraud detection,economic optimization of machine learning results,and a risk model to predict the risk of fraud while considering countermeasures.The models were tested utilizing real data.Our machine learning model alone reduces the expected and unexpected losses in the three aggregated payment channels by 15%compared to a benchmark consisting of static if-then rules.Optimizing the machine-learning model further reduces the expected losses by 52%.These results hold with a low false positive rate of 0.4%.Thus,the risk framework of the three models is viable from a business and risk perspective.

Effects of Large-Scale Wind Energy Base on Power Grid Company

The first stage project of Jiuquan wind energy base with 5.5-GW installed capacity is about to be completed. However, there exist several technical issues such as power transfer capability, electricity accommodation, frequency control and peak load regulation as well as system stability. In addition, the high capital cost and operation cost of the supporting transmission project invested and constructed by the Gansu Provincial Power Company will definitely have significant impacts on the management and economic profit of the Company. Through analysis of the construction and operation cost changes resulting from the wind power collection and delivery project, the author carried out research into the effects of developing large-scale wind power base on the management and economic benefits of power grid enterprises and proposed corresponding suggestions to make the related policies perfect.

An Overview of Karst Ecosystem in Southwest China: Current State and Future Management

Karst areas in Southwest China, with Guizhou as the focal center, are confronted with ecological deterioration and large areas of rocky desertification. Human activities are defined as the driving force behind the soil erosion. Further, local farmers in the area suffer from poverty due to a lack of drinking water, food and a weak living environment. Over one-third of national poverty-stricken counties occur in this part of China. To balance ecological protection and economic development in the region and help local farmers out of poverty we propose integrated controls and discuss on ground water exploration and sustainable use, soil conservation and remediation, and vegetation restoration （especially economic plant species） in this paper.

数据产权刑法保护模式的构建

数据产权是一种具有财产权属性的新型权利,该权利与虚拟财产权和知识产权具有明显差异。数据产权属于刑法保护的公法益范畴,其应归属于市场经济秩序法益之中。现行刑法有关财产犯罪、知识产权犯罪和数据犯罪的规定均无法实现对数据产权的全面保护。刑法对数据产权的保护应以促进数据流通为主要目标,且应当覆盖数据处理的各流程阶段。对侵犯数据产权行为进行刑法规制时,应对“未经同意”获取数据行为审慎入罪。应增设妨害数据流通管理秩序罪,对“情节严重的”妨害数据流通管理秩序行为予以刑法规制。

法经济学视角下教育法典编纂的方案设想

在中国式现代化视域下,教育法典编纂的本质是国家为保障公民公平优质受教育权和保证教育事业优先发展而供给高质量教育法律,应当符合办好人民满意教育的制度需求。引入法经济学视角,能够为教育法典编纂如何克服现实困境达致综合性、体系性、逻辑性和科学性的理论目标拓展方法论,但必须坚持教育立法的社会本位,注重教育公平性与经济效率性的法律权衡。基于我国教育立法的现状和教育事业改革发展的趋势,教育法典编纂必须坚持守正创新的法典化路径,采取开放性结构和汇编型模式以实现教育法典编纂的效益优化。教育法典编纂可以采取“制定教育法典总则—加快推进教育领域内重点立法工作—完成教育法典分则编纂”三步走进程,并运用整合式技术应对教育法典编纂进程中的路径依赖和连锁效应。

材料·元素·融入:经管类课程思政如何开展?——以新华网课程思政平台经管类课程为例

在大思政课背景下,如何切实开展好课程思政,关乎我国思想政治教育体系的进一步完善与深化。本文以经管类课程为例,结合新华网课程思政优秀案例的文本材料,借助Nvivo20软件进行内容分析,对相关内容进行编码,归纳出经管类课程的思政材料、思政元素以及融入方式体系。研究发现,我国经管类课程思政能够多渠道选取思政材料、全方位挖掘思政元素、引导学生自主学习,呈现出素材上重视实践和制度类材料,元素上偏重道德与品质的培养,方式上理论教育重于实践教育的特点。结合有意义学习理论,本研究认为,课程思政应在吸收已有优点的基础上,重视实践和制度类材料的选取;挖掘思政元素时以理想信念教育为基础,兼顾素质与能力;更加重视师生互动,提高实践教育占比,提高学生学习主动性,从而实现有意义学习,更好地构建理论学习与实践学习共同发展的大思政课格局。

论集体公益性建设用地使用权的法律构造

集体公益性建设用地使用权的法律供给严重不足,学者观点又存在较大分歧。在“房地一体”登记下,集体土地所有权的代表行使主体享有独立的集体公益性建设用地使用权,并应平等、补充适用《土地管理法》与《民法典》。界分村级组织集体公益性建设用地使用权的登记主体是村民委员会还是农村集体经济组织,应尽量登记给村民委员会。集体公益性建设用地使用权的设立宜采取拨用而非划拨的方式,并经登记生效;其不能抵押,但可以在不降低公益效用的前提下,经政府机关批准和集体成员民主议定,采取转让、互换等方式处分。集体公益性建设用地使用权因集体公益收回应当符合比例原则,因经营性转化应当明确转化的条件、程序、方式和收益分配。

政产教融合视角下畜牧业经济管理学课程教学改革

畜牧业经济管理学课程是培养高素质畜牧业管理人才的重要课程,具有较强的实践性,因此,应当满足政产教融合的要求。该文首先提出政产教融合下的畜牧业经济管理课程目标,指出目前该课程教学中普遍存在的问题,然后从教学方式、教学内容、教师体系和考核方式四个方面提出改革方案,并制定配套措施,以期为其他类似课程提供可资借鉴的政产教融合教学改革思路。

河南省大型公立医院经济运行机制探讨

医院经济运行机制建设是新时代推动公立医院高质量发展的关键举措。当前我国公立医院医疗资源、医务人员劳动价值等关键要素的应有价值未能充分体现,不仅制约医院的整体经济运营效率,也难以实现医院运营管理的边际价值,公立医院经济运行机制急需革新。河南省大型公立医院以“业财融合、纪财融合、数财融合”为3大支撑,建立以智慧财务为基础,全面预算管理为核心、成本管控和绩效管理为工具的公立医院经济运行机制,实现各个模块互联互通,促进医院高质量发展。

宁夏设施番茄和黄瓜主要土传病害生态治理技术集成与示范效果评价

针对宁夏设施番茄和黄瓜土传病害危害严重,连作障碍普遍发生的现状,集成了两套生态治理技术,并在宁夏银川市永宁县和固原市头营镇开展了试验示范。试验设置技术模式(土壤熏蒸与微生物菌剂/菌肥协同应用)和农户模式(常规化学农药与肥料管理)。试验结果表明:技术模式下番茄株高和茎粗分别比农户模式下提高了7.96%和25.13%,黄瓜分别提高了24.47%和5.32%;技术模式下番茄根腐病发病率为1.11%,防效达80.70%,黄瓜根结线虫病情指数为5.20,防效达88.00%;技术模式下番茄平均亩产提高了28.49%,黄瓜平均亩产提高了58.37%。技术模式下番茄利润比农户模式下增加140.38%,黄瓜利润增加100.29%。技术模式下番茄减施化学农药6次,减施化学肥料6次,而黄瓜减施化学农药17次,减施化学肥料16次。综上所述,该研究集成的生态治理技术对设施番茄和黄瓜的生长发育、品质及产量有一定的促进作用,对土传病害具有显著的防治效果,可实现设施蔬菜节本增效。

计及需求侧管理与碳排放的综合能源系统光-储设备优化配置方法

合理调整综合能源系统(IES)的配置结构能够有效提升其低碳经济运行水平,基于此,提出了一种计及需求侧管理与碳排放的IES光-储设备优化配置方法。基于IES典型拓扑及供能设备的工作机理,建立其冷-热-电-气能流模型;根据不同柔性负荷特点,从不同维度构建用能体验的评价指标,并提出一种考虑用户综合满意度的需求侧能量管理策略;在此基础上,为进一步提升系统的低碳性能,设计了一种计及全寿命周期碳排放的奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制;在同时考虑所提需求侧管理与碳交易机制的前提下,以设备全寿命周期内创造的总收益最大为优化目标,构建了从运行到规划层面的源-网-荷-储多环节协同的光-储设备优化配置模型及运行方案;基于某真实IES开展算例研究,结果验证了所提方法在避免设备冗余配置、减碳与提高经济运行水平方面的有效性。